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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal) Rowter Journal Matondang Journal Economit Journal Polit Journal LingLit Journal Lakhomi Journal
Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Department of Physics, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Cultivating Scientific Leadership: A Strategic Imperative for Ethiopian Applied Universities in the 21st Century Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 13 No 2 (2026): Konfrontasi, June
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

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Abstract

Ethiopian applied universities have expanded rapidly over the past two decades, yet institutional leadership often undervalues scientific research, undermining innovation capacity and alignment with national development goals. This article argues that cultivating scientific leadership defined as leaders’ capacity to value, invest in, and strategically leverage science is a strategic imperative for Ethiopian applied universities in the 21st century. Drawing on literature from higher education leadership, science policy, and Ethiopian educational development, this conceptual analysis synthesizes empirical evidence from cited studies and policy documents to examine barriers and propose strategic pathways. The analysis reveals four principal findings: (1) leadership structures undervalue research despite STI policy commitments; (2) student–staff ratios averaging 75.9:1 constrain faculty research engagement; (3) institutional KPIs allocate only 8% weight to research metrics; and (4) industry linkages remain dominated by internships (95%) rather than R&D partnerships (20%). Cultivating scientific leadership requires phased governance reforms, aligned incentives, immersive leadership development, and cultural transformation. Policymakers and institutional leaders must prioritize research capacity building, restructure governance to elevate scientific expertise, and realign performance metrics to reward research productivity.
Harnessing the Power of Social Media for Educational Innovation in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities Nurvita Sari Musdiani Silalahi; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8163

Abstract

Social media has become a modern education, offering opportunities and challenges to enhance learning experiences. In Ethiopia, the role of social media in the educational system is gaining attention as it is a potential means for expanding access to resources, fostering collaboration, and improving communication among students, teachers, and administrators. However, social media in education also raises concerns regarding distractions, privacy issues, and unequal access to digital technologies. The purpose is to investigate the opportunities and problems related to social media use in Ethiopia's educational system. A qualitative research approach was used, employing thematic analysis of interviews accompanied by 30 teachers, 15 education administrators, and 20 student parents. The results reveal that 65% of teachers and 58% of education administrators reported positive experiences with social media for academic engagement and communication. However, 72% of teachers and 69% of parents expressed concerns about the potential for distraction and the accessibility of inappropriate content to students. The findings also showed that 81% of parents emphasized the importance of parental involvement in regulating social media use. Meanwhile, 62% of educators highlighted the need for digital literacy programs to guide responsible use. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that social media can be a powerful tool for educational innovation in Ethiopia if effectively managed. Recommendations include the development of policies, digital literacy initiatives, and active stakeholder collaboration to ensure that social media enhances rather than hinders the educational experience.
Science Citizens: Bridging Knowledge and Action for All Ramlan Ramlan; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8164

Abstract

Science education in Ethiopia faces declining interest in hard sciences (biology, chemistry, physics) and fragmented curricula, hindering the development of science-literate citizens amid challenges like energy poverty and food insecurity. Purpose: This study aimed to transform science education by designing an integrated, applied framework that fosters "science citizens" individuals who understand and apply science across high school to PhD levels and engage society, addressing Ethiopia’s urban (Addis Ababa) and rural (Amhara) contexts. Over 18 months, a mixed-methods approach surveys, tests, observations, interviews, focus groups, and artifact analysis evaluated five objectives: interdisciplinary curriculum design, applied projects’ impact, teacher training effectiveness, societal perceptions, and educational continuity. Participants (625) included students, educators, and community members across levels. The curriculum boosted knowledge (19-23%) and engagement (1.0-1.3 points), applied projects enhanced retention (5-15%), and training lifted teacher competency (20-27%). Societal perceptions shifted (30-45% fewer negative views), and a continuity model increased transitions (25-30%) and public engagement (1,500 attendees). Urban areas outperformed rural by 5-10%, reflecting resource gaps. Integrated, applied science education fosters science citizens in Ethiopia, linking education to societal needs energy, agriculture, health despite rural constraints.  Scale the model nationally, prioritizing rural labs, teacher training, and public outreach; tracks long-term impacts over 5 years.
Vanishing Voices: Saving Languages Before it’s Too Late Muhammad Ridwan; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8165

Abstract

The global decline of linguistic diversity threatens cultural heritage, with intergenerational language transmission increasingly reliant on education and digital tools amid urbanization and technological advancement. This study explores how education and digital tools influence transmission success across generations. Using modeling data for 50 initiatives, the study employs descriptive statistics, bar plots, scatter plots with regression, correlation heatmaps, and linear regression to analyze education level, digital tool usage, young speaker percentage, and transmission success. Education shows a modest positive impact (β = 0.0068, M = 0.53 for high-education initiatives), while digital tools exhibit a surprising negative effect (β = -0.1267, r = -0.41), with variability in outcomes. Young speakers’ proportion negatively correlates with success (β = -0.0558, r = -0.18), suggesting generational disconnects. Education supports transmission, but digital tools’ over-reliance may hinder success unless culturally integrated, highlighting the need for balanced strategies. Governments should fund immersion schools, NGOs should co-design digital tools with communities, and local groups should promote intergenerational activities.
Geopolitical Risk and Macroeconomic Spillovers in a Frontier Market: The Sectoral Transmission of the US–Iran–Israel Conflict to Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Rowter Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The escalating geopolitical tensions between the United States, Iran, and Israel in 2025–2026 have generated significant global economic disruptions through oil price volatility, maritime chokepoint closures, and trade route diversions. Frontier markets, particularly landlocked, net oil-importing economies, face asymmetric vulnerability to such distant geopolitical shocks. This study examines the transmission channels and sectoral impacts of the US–Iran–Israel geopolitical conflict on Ethiopia's economy, providing a disaggregated analysis of how the shock propagates across productive sectors. Drawing on projections from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, national authorities, and sectoral reports, the analysis employs a qualitative and analytical approach, synthesizing available data to construct a comprehensive sectoral impact assessment across energy, maritime trade, agriculture, industry, transport, construction, and household welfare. Findings: The conflict transmits through four primary channels; energy prices, maritime logistics, agricultural inputs, and remittances. While Ethiopia's GDP growth remains robust at 9.2 percent, inflation has accelerated to 13.9 percent, reversing prior moderation. The fiscal position faces strain from increased subsidy outlays, and the birr faces persistent depreciation pressure. Agriculture confronts acute vulnerability through fertilizer shortages (a 68%channels: urea price surge) and elevated shipping costs; the industry faces rising energy costs and supply chain bottlenecks; transport experiences soaring operational costs; and urban households bear the regressive burden of rising food prices, with 15–15. 9 million people are facing a crisis or emergency food insecurity. Ethiopia's experience exposes profound structural vulnerabilities characteristic of frontier markets. The crisis offers a strategic opportunity to accelerate the renewable energy transition, diversify supply chains, and strengthen macroeconomic buffers. Recommendations: Policymakers should establish strategic fuel reserves, diversify port access and fertilizer sources, maintain fiscal consolidation while protecting pro-poor expenditures, and adequately fund social safety nets. Channels:
From Billions of Seedlings to Sustainable Livelihoods: A Critical Review of Ethiopia's Green Economy Strategy, Afforestation Outcomes, and Community Co-Benefits Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Rowter Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative (GLI), launched in 2019, represents one of the most ambitious reforestation programs globally, aiming to plant 50 billion seedlings by 2026. This critical review synthesises evidence on the GLI's policy architecture, ecological outcomes, community co-benefits, and implementation challenges, drawing on peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, and empirical studies published between 2011 and 2026. The review reveals remarkable quantitative achievements: over 48 billion seedlings planted district forest cover expansion from 17.2% to 24%, soil erosion reduction from 1.9 billion to 208 million tonnes annually, and the creation of over 767,000 jobs. However, significant implementation gaps persist. Independent studies report seedling survival rates as low as 39.80% at the district level, substantially below the 85% officially reported, while 90,000–100,000 hectares of forest continue to be lost annually. Community benefits remain unevenly distributed, with smallholder farmers facing compliance challenges under international regulations such as the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Institutional weaknesses in law enforcement, data systems, land tenure, and coordination, compounded by a critical financing gap, with only 6% of the required US$7.5 billion annual budget available, undermine long-term sustainability. The review concludes that transitioning from quantity-focused planting to quality-oriented ecosystem restoration, strengthening participatory governance, enhancing monitoring and evaluation systems, and scaling up private sector engagement are essential pathways forward. Ethiopia's experience offers valuable lessons for the Global South on navigating the complex terrain of environmental restoration, economic development, and social equity, demonstrating that political will and mass mobilization must be complemented by robust institutional frameworks and equitable benefit distribution to achieve lasting impact.
Key Drivers of Ethiopia‘s Digital Ecosystem: An Exploratory Factor Analysis Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Matondang Journal Vol 6 No 1 (2027): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia's digital ecosystem has undergone rapid transformation following telecommunications liberalization and the launch of successive national digital strategies, yet systematic empirical research identifying its underlying drivers remains scarce. This study employs Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify the latent dimensions driving the development of Ethiopia's digital ecosystem and to examine their alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on secondary data synthesized from national policy frameworks, World Bank project documents, peer-reviewed literature, and industry reports, the analysis reveals a robust five-factor structure explaining 64.8% of total variance, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.89 confirming strong internal consistency. The extracted dimensions comprise (1) Digital Infrastructure and Connectivity (24.4% variance), (2) Financial Inclusion and Digital Payments (15.4%), (3) Human Capital and Digital Literacy (11.3%), (4) Policy, Governance, and Institutional Framework (8.7%), and (5) Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem (6.0%). The hierarchical ranking establishes infrastructure as the dominant driver, followed by financial inclusion, human capital, governance, and innovation. These factors demonstrate substantial alignment with SDGs 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 16, and 17, providing an evidence-based framework for tracing digital investments to measurable development outcomes. The findings contribute to understanding how digital transformation in a lower-middle-income African context can be systematically conceptualized, measured, and strategically prioritized, offering actionable implications for policymakers, development practitioners, and researchers seeking to accelerate inclusive and sustainable digital development.
Synergy between Religion and Science: A Contemporary Christian Review with Evidence from Ethiopia’s COVID 19 Response and Male Circumcision Rite Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The conflict narrative between religion and science persists in popular discourse despite growing historical and theological evidence of compatibility. Contemporary Christian theology offers a framework for synergy, yet empirical case studies from non‑Western contexts remain underexplored. This review critically examines the theological foundations for science‑religion synergy within mainstream contemporary Christianity and analyses two Ethiopian case studies Orthodox faith leaders’ role in COVID‑19 vaccination promotion, and the male circumcision rite to demonstrate synergy in practice. A critical review synthesising peer‑reviewed literature, theological documents, public health reports, and qualitative studies on Ethiopian Orthodox Christian engagement with science. Contemporary Christian theology (Catholic, Orthodox, mainline Protestant) provides robust support for synergy via complementary domains of “how” (science) and “why” (faith). In Ethiopia, faith leaders actively promoted COVID‑19 vaccination using the message “God protects us from death through faith and science,” receiving training and publicly modelling vaccination. Male circumcision, a near‑universal cultural rite of passage (not a sacrament), has been harmonised with medical science, with Church endorsement of hospital‑based procedures. Commonalities include faith leaders reframing practices as science‑consistent, partnership with health authorities, and adaptive use of religious authority. Synergy between religion and science is not an abstract ideal but a lived, effective partnership capable of saving lives and preserving cultural identity. The Ethiopian Orthodox model offers a replicable paradigm. Public health programmes should actively partner with trusted religious leaders. Theological education should embrace science engagement. Comparative research across Orthodox traditions and quantitative impact studies are urgently needed.
Future Compound Heat-Flash Drought Events Amplify Socioeconomic Exposure and Human Displacement Risks across East Africa Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 2 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

East Africa faces an escalating climate crisis driven by the amplification of compound heat-flash drought (CHFD) events. This study quantifies future CHFD dynamics, socioeconomic exposure, agricultural impacts, and human displacement risks across East Africa under moderate (SSP2-4.5) and high-emissions (SSP5-8.5) scenarios. Using a weighted multi-model ensemble from CMIP6 projections, we analyze historical (1981–2010) and future (2021–2100) periods, integrating population density data, agricultural statistics, and displacement modeling frameworks. Under SSP5-8.5, moderate CHFD frequency is projected to double, while severe events increase by 60% by 2100. Population exposure increases by up to 60% in southern Tanzania and 40–55% in northeastern Kenya, southern Somalia, and eastern Ethiopia. Compound drought-heatwave exposure is linked to 27% (±4.2%) reductions in harvested area and 35% (±5.1%) reductions in crop production, with maize and sorghum most severely affected (β = −0.47 to −0.53, p < 0.01). Rain-fed systems suffer losses exceeding 30%, while irrigated systems demonstrate resilience with losses below 10%. Climate change, accounting for 57.4–71.2% of exposure changes, is the primary driver, with population growth contributing 18.5–26.8%. Climate change could force 6.9–10.1 million people in East Africa to move internally by 2050. These findings demand urgent emission reductions, as mitigation is the most effective strategy for reducing future risks. Adaptation priorities include climate-resilient crops, irrigation expansion, improved flash drought early warning systems, social protection for vulnerable populations, and migration governance frameworks. Region-specific strategies are essential given East Africa's heterogeneous climate responses.
Beyond Hype and Hardware: The Structural Determinants of EdTech Sustainability in Ethiopia's Quest for SDG 4 Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 2 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (May
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Ethiopia, Africa's second most populous nation, confronts a profound educational paradox: a youthful demographic dividend—with over 70% of the population under 30, coexists with a failing education system characterised by a 8.4% university admission rate, 42% graduate unemployment, and over 9 million children out of school. Educational technology (EdTech) has been heralded as a transformative solution, yet sustainability remains elusive. This paper critically examines the structural determinants shaping EdTech sustainability in Ethiopia, moving beyond techno-solutionist narratives to interrogate the interconnected infrastructural, human, financial, and geopolitical factors that perpetuate a self-reinforcing vicious cycle of unsustainability. Employing a Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS) combined with a single-embedded case study design, the study synthesises evidence from policy documents, startup ecosystem data, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that infrastructural failure, characterised by unreliable electricity (44% rural access), limited connectivity (9% rural internet penetration), and prohibitive data costs diminishes teacher morale and agency, reducing technology utilisation and perceived impact. This dissuades investors, reinforcing governmental reluctance to scale digital contracts and perpetuating infrastructural neglect. The paper introduces the 3-P Alignment Model (People, Partnerships, Policy) as an analytical framework for sustainable EdTech deployment. Policy recommendations include prioritizing universal electrification and subsidized bandwidth over hardware procurement, shifting donor funding from short-term pilots to patient capital (5-10 year horizons), and centring foundational literacy through low-tech, high-touch approaches. The paper concludes that systemic integration, not piecemeal digitization, constitutes the only sustainable pathway to leveraging technology for educational development in Ethiopia and analogous fragile states.
Co-Authors Anantasha Titisania Rimadewi Arifulhak Aceh Bikila Merga Deresa Duol Dak Maluel Kassahun Desealegn Asfaw M. Yoserizal Saragih Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Nigussie Mamushet Degeif Nurvita Sari Musdiani Silalahi Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Solomon Zerihun Wan Nurul Atikah