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Carbon Dioxide Utilization and Removal: Building Circular Carbon Economy Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Ethiopia, vulnerable to climate extremes like droughts affecting 20 million annually, faces a 68% emissions rise by 2030 without intervention, per NDC 3.0. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and utilization (CCU) technologies offer pathways to net-zero by 2050, yet deployment lags due to technological immaturity, barriers, and socioeconomic inequities in a 120 million population reliant on agriculture (70% of the workforce). This study evaluates CDR/CCU viability, barriers, employment transitions, SDG synergies, and policy-financing needs to inform equitable scaling, targeting 50 MtCO₂e annual removal and 1.2 million green jobs by 2030. Methods: Multidimensional assessment integrated raw data (TRL, scalability, negativity, and costs) via bubble charts, barrier heatmaps, lifecycle balances, scalability matrices, employment projections, SDG linkages, regional vulnerabilities, policy timelines, complexity priorities, and financing mixes. Quantitative modeling employed correlations (e.g., r = 0.62 for scalability-negativity), econometric simulations, and geospatial analysis across 10 technologies and 9 regions. Findings: CDR outperforms in negativity (0.82 mean) and permanence (3,060 years) but trails CCU economically (-27.5 USD/tCO₂); barriers peak economically (8.3 severity) with $1.92B financing gaps; transitions yield 2.5 million jobs and a 20.6-point SDG uplift (strongest SDG 7 linkage, 10/10); Oromia anchors potential (5.8 growth); policies favor regulatory (5 instruments), and complexity prioritizes renewables (120k jobs, Figure 12); $3.5B is mobilized via 35% international finance. Novelty: First integrated Ethiopia-centric framework blending technoeconomic, barrier, just transition, and policy analyses, revealing 70:30 CDR-CCU portfolios for 10 GtCO₂/year at 80 USD/t aggregate, with regional equity modeling reducing vuln-poverty correlations by 25%. Viable for resilient net-zero, amplifying co-benefits amid 1.5°C risks. Allocate $1B phased investments (40% renewables/forestry), harmonize regulations, and reskill 500k workers for inclusion.

Intentional Versus Incidental Inclusion: A Comparative Analysis of Enat Bank and Addis International Bank in Advancing Women’s Economic Empowerment through Microfinance in Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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This review article presents a comparative analysis of two Ethiopian commercial banks—Addis International Bank (AdIB) and Enat Bank, examining their respective approaches to women's economic empowerment through microfinance. Ethiopia presents a striking paradox: women own the majority of micro and small enterprises yet face a 19-percentage-point gap in account access and are 1.5 times less likely to receive formal loans than men. Closing these gender gaps could increase Ethiopia's GDP by an estimated US$3.7 billion annually. Using institutional theory, feminist economics, and the capability approach as analytical frameworks, this review contrasts AdIB's incidental inclusion model, broad-based financial access without gender-specific mechanisms, with Enat Bank's intentional inclusion model, gender-led governance, collateral-free lending, and targeted non-financial services. The analysis reveals that Enat Bank's approach produces superior empowerment outcomes, demonstrated by its "Transformational" rating on the National Bank of Ethiopia's Women's Financial Inclusion Scorecard, 12,000 women trained in financial literacy, 1.4 billion Birr disbursed in collateral-free loans, and a 99.1% repayment rate. AdIB, despite strong financial performance with 85% profit growth, was assessed as "Neutral" or in "Emerging Awareness," indicating foundational engagement with gender inclusion. The review concludes that women's economic empowerment is not an automatic byproduct of financial inclusion but a deliberate institutional design choice. Policy recommendations include gender-lens targets for banks, collateral substitution mechanisms, governance diversification, and expanded gender bonds. This analysis contributes evidence that intentional inclusion is both socially transformative and commercially viable, offering actionable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and development partners seeking to unlock Ethiopia's US$3.7 billion opportunity through women's economic empowerment.

Innovative Physics Education in Low-Resource Settings: A Review of Context Based, Low Cost, and Technology Enhanced Strategies in Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - July
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Physics education in Ethiopia faces persistent challenges including inadequate laboratories, theory‑heavy instruction, teacher shortages, and low student motivation, constraints shared across many low‑resource settings in Sub‑Saharan Africa and South Asia. This review synthesises peer‑reviewed evidence on three innovative strategies, context‑based teaching, low‑cost DIY experiments, and technology‑enhanced learning that aim to improve physics education outcomes in resource‑limited Ethiopian schools. A systematic search of Scopus, ERIC, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2026. Inclusion criteria required peer‑reviewed empirical research focused on Ethiopia or analogous low‑resource contexts. Thematic synthesis was used to extract and integrate findings. Findings: Context‑based instruction (e.g., Cambridge‑Bahir Dar collaboration) increases relevance and engagement. Low‑cost DIY kits (e.g., WS2 initiative) reached over 8,100 students across eastern Africa, with 62% girls and high enjoyment ratings (4.81/5). PhET simulation studies in Ethiopia consistently show significant conceptual gains. Blended virtual‑physical labs produce the most balanced improvements across learning outcomes. Teacher professional development is most effective when paired with student workbooks and sustained follow‑up. Low‑resource settings need not emulate Western laboratory models; locally‑grounded, affordable, and technology‑enhanced innovations can effectively address systemic barriers. Different learning outcomes develop independently, requiring explicit instructional design. Ethiopia’s Ministry of Education should integrate low‑cost experiment construction into the curriculum, establish regional maker hubs, invest in sustained teacher training, and revise assessment to include practical skills.

Bridging Education for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Education in Africa: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends, Gaps, and Emerging Frontiers Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Climate change poses an existential threat to Africa, yet the continent’s education systems remain under resourced to deliver effective Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and Climate Change Education (CCE). No comprehensive mapping of ESD–CCE research in Africa exists. This study provides the first continent wide bibliometric analysis of ESD–CCE research in Africa (2015–2025), mapping publication trends, geographic and institutional productivity, collaboration networks, dominant and emerging themes, and research gaps. A systematic search of the Scopus database retrieved 312 peer reviewed documents. Bibliometric analysis was performed using Bibliometrix (R) and VOSviewer, including descriptive statistics, co authorship network analysis, keyword co occurrence mapping, and thematic evolution over two time periods (2015–2020; 2021–2025). Publications grew from 4 in 2015 to 90 in 2025, accelerating sharply after 2020. Research is highly concentrated: South Africa (33.3%), Nigeria (19.9%), and Kenya (12.2%) produce two thirds of output. Intra African collaboration is extremely weak (5.8% of documents). Dominant themes are sustainability, climate adaptation, and teacher training and curriculum integration. Emerging frontiers (transformative learning, indigenous knowledge) appear but remain underoperationalized. Eco anxiety is almost absent from the literature (3 documents), despite high climate vulnerability. Conclusion: African ESD–CCE research is growing but remains geographically skewed, poorly connected regionally, and neglects critical frontiers such as eco-anxiety, early childhood education, and longitudinal impact studies. We recommend establishing an African ESD–CCE research observatory, integrating indigenous knowledge into transformative learning frameworks, and developing validated instruments to measure eco anxiety in African youth.

The Youthful Nation and the Digital Ceiling: Examining the Paradox of EdTech Adoption amidst Systemic Capacity Gaps in Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Vol 13 No 3 (2026): Konfrontasi, September
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

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Ethiopia's demographic surge, with 70% of its 135.5 million citizens under the age of 30, creates unprecedented pressure on an education system already grappling with profound learning poverty and infrastructure deficits. This paper examines the paradox of educational technology (EdTech) adoption amidst these systemic capacity gaps, introducing the "digital ceiling" as a metaphor for the layered structural barriers that constrain digital transformation. Despite ambitious policy frameworks, including Digital Ethiopia 2025/2030 and a comprehensive Digital Education Strategy, the Global Education Futures Readiness Index places Ethiopia in the 10th percentile globally, with critical deficits across infrastructure (8th percentile), human capital, and governance. While homegrown innovations like GlobeDock Academy, Zegju, and the E-School platform have demonstrated remarkable ingenuity, reaching hundreds of thousands of learners through offline-first designs; they confront persistent bottlenecks. Unreliable electricity and connectivity, minimal teacher digital readiness, prohibitive economic exclusion, and institutional fragmentation trap these promising solutions in pilot phases. Without shared operating frameworks and coordinated policy execution, proven innovations fail to integrate into the public school system, risking the erosion of homegrown talent and the exacerbation of urban-rural and gender inequities. This paper argues that Ethiopia's demographic dividend risks becoming a demographic burden unless the nation pursues systemic, sustained investment. Pathways forward require foundational infrastructure expansion, continuous teacher professional development, coherent multi-stakeholder policy alignment, and equity-centered design explicitly targeting rural, low-income, and female learners. Ultimately, dismantling the digital ceiling demands more than deploying devices; it necessitates an aligned ecosystem of capital, capacity, regulatory support, and institutional commitment to transform demographic pressure into a springboard for inclusive and sustainable educational transformation.

Resolving Climate Uncertainty at Scale: A Social-Epistemic Analysis of Quantum-Informed Earth System Modeling and Climate Governance Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Climate uncertainty represents one of the most consequential challenges for contemporary governance, affecting trillions of dollars in infrastructure investment, agricultural planning, and international mitigation policy. This research presents a comprehensive social-epistemic analysis of how quantum-classical hybrid computational frameworks are reshaping the production, validation, and utilization of climate knowledge. Through systematic examination of two critical climate processes, soil respiration and atmospheric ice nucleation; demonstrate that quantum-informed parameterizations substantially reduce uncertainty: 30–40% for cirrus cloud feedback and 52.7% for projected carbon cycle feedbacks. These reductions expand remaining carbon budgets by approximately 2,500 Pg C, extend mitigation timelines by 36–94 years for 1.5°C and 2.0°C targets, and yield economic implications exceeding $500–2,000 trillion across carbon pricing scenarios. Our analysis reveals three transformation pathways: (1) epistemic democratization, replacing empirical fitting and expert judgment with first-principles physical constraints; (2) policy resilience, enhancing decision confidence and enabling more gradual transition pathways; and (3) institutional restructuring, creating new interdisciplinary collaborations between quantum chemists, climate modelers, and policy analysts. However, environmental justice analysis shows that uncertainty reduction benefits are non-uniformly distributed, with vulnerable regions (South Asia, Africa) experiencing greater reductions but requiring deliberate governance mechanisms to ensure equitable outcomes. We identify the governance challenge of avoiding moral hazard, using expanded carbon budgets to enable ambition rather than delay. This research advances social scientific understanding of computational governance and provides actionable recommendations for integrating quantum-informed climate projections into international assessment frameworks, national adaptation planning, and climate litigation contexts.

Data Traceability and Digital Quality Infrastructure in Africa: A Systematic Review of Export Compliance for EU, US, and East Asian Markets Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The current scenario of international trade is undergoing a major change, where data traceability and DQI are becoming crucial factors that will determine access to markets for products from Africa. The current literature review aims to systematically review existing literature on the challenges faced by African exporters to meet the rigorous compliance standards in Europe, the USA, and East Asia. It is observed that the main barriers faced by African producers include poor metrology systems, supply chain issues, poor digital connectivity, and high compliance costs of about USD 20,000 for small and medium-sized enterprises. Such issues are further complicated by increasingly complex regulatory regimes like the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which require a new level of supply chain visibility, geolocation confirmation, and verified carbon measurement. While continental bodies like the Pan African Quality Infrastructure (PAQI) and Intra-Africa Metrology System (AFRIMETS) offer institutional frameworks, there remain substantial gaps in implementation. Innovations at the national level, such as Ethiopia’s Coffee Traceability and Management System, show the possibilities of customized solutions. The paper has been able to highlight important gaps in the literature and provide some recommendations that will be helpful for policymakers, exporters, and development partners. The study claims that the use of digital technology to improve the quality of infrastructure, harmonize standards, and build capacity could help turn compliance into an advantage for African exporters. Considering the fact that the deadline for EUDR compliance is fast approaching in December 2026, it is imperative to act now to ensure Africa's place in global value chains.

Integrating Wireless Sensor Networks and Machine Learning for Proactive Safety and Operational Risk Management on the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Transport Corridor Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (Aug
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The Addis Ababa–Djibouti corridor serves as Ethiopia's economic lifeline, handling approximately 95% of the nation's international trade. Despite its strategic importance, the corridor faces significant safety and operational challenges, with heavy goods vehicles involved in 6,914 crashes (14.85% of the total) in 2024, resulting in 715 fatalities. Railway operations are constrained by outdated signaling systems, limiting capacity to only two trains between stations. This study develops an integrated framework combining wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and machine learning for proactive safety monitoring and operational risk management along the corridor. The methodology employs a multi-tier WSN architecture with edge and cloud computing, utilizing gravitational search algorithms for optimal node placement. Machine learning models, Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM, were trained on 2,000 accident records (2018–2023), with SMOTE addressing class imbalance. Random Forest achieved 82% accuracy (AUC-ROC: 0.87), identifying driver age (mean 44 years), nighttime on unlit roads (+62% fatal probability), and rainy conditions as key severity predictors. The proposed WSN-based railway signaling enables 3–4 trains to operate between stations simultaneously, representing a 50–100% capacity increase. Integration of sensor networks and ML enables a fundamental shift from reactive to proactive risk management, with estimated benefits including 15–25% accident reduction, 20–30% maintenance cost savings, and 15–25% extension of infrastructure lifespan. The framework directly aligns with the World Bank’s USD 500 million, Regional Economic Corridor Project and offers a scalable, replicable model for deploying intelligent transport systems across developing economies. This research contributes the first integrated sensor-ML framework for an African trade corridor, offering practical evidence for policy formulation and technology investment prioritization.

Synergizing Business, Digital Infrastructure, and Precision Resource Management for Agricultural Sustainability: A Quadruple-Helix Analysis Of Ethiopia's Emerging Agritech Ecosystem Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 4 (2026): Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (November)
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Ethiopia’s agricultural sector remains the backbone of the national economy, contributing approximately 40 percent of GDP, 80 percent of export earnings, and more than 75 percent of employment. The overwhelming majority of production is generated by more than 12 million smallholder farming households operating under predominantly rainfed conditions. This dual character, strategic economic importance combined with structural vulnerability, defines the country’s agricultural development challenges. Climate shocks, rainfall variability, land degradation, limited access to quality inputs, and fragmented value chains continue to constrain productivity and rural livelihoods. In response, successive national strategies have sought to modernize the sector. The Agricultural Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI) framework laid early foundations, while more recent initiatives under the Agricultural Transformation Institute and the Digital Ethiopia 2025 and 2030 agendas have elevated digital technologies as central instruments of change. Digital agriculture is increasingly viewed not merely as a set of tools but as a systemic enabler capable of improving advisory services, input delivery, market access, resource efficiency, and climate resilience. Realizing this potential, however, requires coordinated action beyond technology deployment alone. Effective transformation depends on synergistic collaboration among government, research institutions, private sector actors, and farmers themselves. This study situates Ethiopia’s digital agriculture transition within a quadruple-helix innovation framework, examining how these actors interact to generate scalable and sustainable outcomes. Understanding these dynamics is essential for converting policy ambition into measurable gains in productivity, equity, and environmental sustainability.

Reclaiming the Philosopher-King’s Wisdom: Reconciling Ethiopia’s Imperial, Derg, and Ethnic Federalist Actors toward a Durable Peace Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 6 No 3 (2026): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, August
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Ethiopia’s political history has been shaped by the philosopher‑king ideal, a divinely sanctioned, wise ruler modelled on King David and legitimated by the Kebra Nagast and the Orthodox Church. This ideal collapsed under feudal oppression, imperial neglect during the 1973–74 Wollo famine, and the 1974 revolution. This study investigates how the ethical core of the philosopher‑king model (justice, wisdom, service) can be reclaimed to reconcile Ethiopia’s three competing political legacies: Imperial, Derg, and Ethnic Federalist. Methods: A historical‑institutional analysis integrated with peacebuilding theory was employed. Qualitative interpretation of primary sources (Kebra Nagast, constitutions, and policy documents) and secondary literature (transitional justice reports, conflict analyses) informed the framework. The imperial legacy offers national unity but rests on feudal hierarchy; the Derg’s revolutionary rupture destroyed the old order but produced terror and famine; ethnic federalism institutionalized division, culminating in the Tigray War (2020–2022) and ongoing violence. The ethical attributes of King David protective justice (Psalm 72), repentant humility (2 Samuel 12), and covenantal unification (2 Samuel 5) provide normative resources that can be extracted from theocratic monarchy and embedded in democratic institutions. Conclusion: Reconciliation requires neither imperial restoration nor revolutionary erasure, but a new social contract inspired by Davidic wisdom, applied through inclusive national dialogue, land and economic reforms, tiered transitional justice, and multiperspective education. Recommendation: Implement a truth‑healing commission that includes all three actors, soften ethnic federalism through constitutional reform, and foster a civic, non‑ethnic national identity.

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