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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal) Rowter Journal Matondang Journal Economit Journal Polit Journal LingLit Journal Lakhomi Journal
Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Department of Physics, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Religion Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other

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Cooperative Multi-View Sensing with Hybrid Fusion and Channel-Aware Encoding for Environment-Aware 6G Networks Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The 6G network technology aims to achieve environment-aware intelligence through ISAC. The single-node-based sensing scheme has inherent limitations related to occlusion, angle, and interference, making the solution unreliable in mission-critical scenarios. In this paper, we present the concept of Cooperative Multi-View Sensing (CMS), which leverages geographically scattered base stations, user equipment, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for creating a highly accurate map of the environment. The proposed CMS approach creatively merges three capabilities: (1) neural networks at edge devices are developed to detect semantic features from OFDM signals; (2) channel-aware adaptive encoding of communications lowers the latency by 42% at 15 dB due to compression based on the current signal-to-noise ratio; and (3) a hybrid fusion mechanism along with edge-level processing of local submaps using multi-view fusion networks. Results: The CMS obtains an 81.2% reduction in latency (293 ms to 55 ms) over the baselines and beats single-node sensing in terms of accuracy by 33%. An ablation study proves that adaptive encoding and hybrid fusion are equally important because removing either would result in up to 39-116% degradation in latency and 2-10% in accuracy. The scalability analysis proves O(n) scalability, in which the latency is 90 ms for 50 nodes, whereas the centralized (1290 ms) and distributed (622 ms) approaches become unmanageable. The statistical analysis based on 50 Monte Carlo runs validates the robustness of the approach (p < 0.001), with the optimal number of nodes being 8-12. CMS is the template for 6G wireless communication systems that are environmentally conscious and support real-time applications using collaborative multi-view sensors. Future implementations of 6G must ensure hybrid fusion with a number of 8 to 12 nodes and channel-aware encoding for adaptive compression.
Drivers and Global Teleconnections of Accelerated Arctic Amplification: A Multimodel Ensemble Analysis of the 2023–2026 Observational Anomalies Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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The 2023–2026 period has witnessed unprecedented acceleration in Arctic climate change, fundamentally challenging previous scientific understanding of the pace and trajectory of polar amplification. This study synthesises observational evidence, radiative feedback analysis, and coordinated multimodel experiments from CMIP6 and the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (PAMIP) to identify the physical drivers of this acceleration and evaluate its global teleconnections. Between October 2024 and September 2025, Arctic surface air temperatures reached their highest levels since 1900, with the Arctic warming at approximately 0.75°C per decade, more than twice the global average. The winters of 2025 and 2026 produced consecutive record-low sea ice maxima, with the 2025–2026 declines representing the largest single-year winter reduction on record. We demonstrate that this acceleration arises from the convergence of four interacting drivers: long-term radiative forcing from greenhouse gas accumulation, favourable internal atmospheric variability, remote ocean forcing from North Pacific warming and AMOC weakening, and feedback amplifications including albedo-lapse rate coupling, BKS anticyclone intensification, and the seasonal sea ice–ocean heat release cascade. Global teleconnections link Arctic amplification to equatorward shifts in the North Atlantic jet stream, intensification of European heat waves, and modulation of tropical circulation through Rossby wave trains. Observationally constrained projections reduce end-century Arctic warming under SSP2-4.5 from 5.5°C to 4.6°C, underscoring the importance of emergent constraints. The Arctic remains Earth's most sensitive barometer of anthropogenic climate change, and the 2023–2026 observations demand urgent scientific attention.
Bridging Ethnobotany and Ethno-Astronomy: A Systematic Review of Ethiopia's Medicinal Plant Diversity (1950–2024) and the Unexplored Potential of Celestial Harvesting Cues in Traditional Healthcare Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2026): Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia's rich biocultural heritage encompasses extraordinary medicinal plant diversity and sophisticated indigenous astronomical knowledge systems, yet the intersection between these domains remains critically understudied. This systematic review synthesizes ethnobotanical data from 59 studies (2010–2022) documenting 525 medicinal plant species across 113 families and 333 genera, with 44 endemic species and nine (27.3%) endangered. The review uniquely bridges ethnobotany with ethno-astronomy, introducing the emerging paradigm of ethno-astrobotany, the study of celestial influences on plant selection, harvesting, and medicinal efficacy. The Borana Oromo lunar-stellar calendar, developed around 300 BC, demonstrates remarkable predictive skill (r = 0.889 for rain onset, RMSE = 3.3 days) through observation of 12 anchor stars, while similar systems among the Amhara, Tigray, Afar, Somali, Sidama, and Konso communities guide seasonal forecasting and agricultural timing. Global evidence indicates that lunar phases significantly influence phytochemical composition, full moon harvests yield higher essential oils and bioactive compounds, as demonstrated in Withania somnifera and Oliveria decumbens. However, in Ethiopia, no systematic study has examined the relationship between ethno-astronomically determined harvesting times and pharmacological properties of medicinal plants. Urgent threats include elder attrition, modernization, climate variability, and habitat loss, accelerating biocultural erosion. This review establishes an integrated research agenda combining ethnographic documentation, phytochemical validation, longitudinal monitoring, and participatory approaches with traditional healers. Policy implications include evidence-based harvesting guidelines, conservation planning integrating celestial calendars, culturally responsive STEM education, and protection of indigenous knowledge rights. Preserving Ethiopia's interwoven biological and cultural heritage demands immediate, interdisciplinary action.
Impact of Ai-Driven Adaptive Learning Platforms in Science and Mathematics in Secondary Education Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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This study explores the integration of AI-driven adaptive learning platforms in secondary education, focusing on the appropriateness of the current curriculum, educators’ experiences, and the challenges faced in implementation. A survey was conducted among educators to gather data on their perceptions of curriculum suitability, experiences with adaptive platforms, and frequency. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to examine the distribution of responses, providing insights into the effectiveness and challenges of implementing AI-driven methods. The results show that whereas 57% of respondents believe the curriculum is acceptable for AI-driven methodologies, 16% feel it does not represent the need for curriculum improvement. Eighty-five percent of respondents strongly support the broader deployment of adaptive learning platforms; nevertheless, the low frequency of use shows obstacles to regular implementation. The educators noted some obstacles, such as inadequate training, trouble integrating the curriculum, and problems with student involvement. Numerous educators reported having a good experience using adaptive learning platforms. By addressing these problems, secondary schools may use adaptive learning platforms more frequently and effectively, which would improve student outcomes.
Ethnoscience as Pedagogy of Patriotism: Cultivating National Identity and Scientific Literacy through Indigenous Knowledge in Ethiopian Secondary Schools Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Britain International of Linguistics Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal Vol 8 No 3 (2026): Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education - November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia's rich indigenous knowledge systems remain largely underutilized in formal education despite policy commitments to their integration. This theoretical article addresses the gap between policy aspiration and classroom implementation in secondary science education. The article advances the argument that ethnoscience the reconstruction of indigenous scientific knowledge within formal frameworks can function as a "pedagogy of patriotism" that simultaneously cultivates scientific literacy, cultural pride, and national identity among Ethiopian secondary school students. Drawing on a comprehensive review of ethnoscience literature and empirical studies from the Ethiopian context, this conceptual article synthesizes theoretical frameworks from science education, indigenous knowledge studies, and citizenship education to develop an integrative model for ethnoscience-based pedagogy. The analysis reveals that Ethiopia possesses diverse indigenous knowledge systems with demonstrable scientific validity, including the Borana astronomical calendar, Gedeo agroforestry practices, Guji Oromo blacksmithing metallurgy, and Gamo peacemaking institutions. Empirical evidence demonstrates that indigenous knowledge integration enhances student academic achievement in science and contributes to civic engagement, national identity, and patriotism. Pedagogical models including Ethno-STEM, project-based learning, and context-based instruction offer effective frameworks for implementation. Ethnoscience pedagogy represents a decolonizing educational strategy that addresses Ethiopia's imperative to develop scientific literacy while cultivating patriotic citizens grounded in their cultural heritage. The integrative framework operates at cognitive, affective, and civic levels to transform science education into nation-building practice. Ethiopia should mandate indigenous knowledge integration across science curricula, invest in teacher education and resource development, establish ethical documentation guidelines, and support rigorous research on ethnoscience pedagogy effectiveness.
Beyond the Blue Nile: Quantile-Hydrological Risk, Geopolitical Leverage, and the Securitization of the Red Sea in the Ethiopia-Egypt GERD Dispute Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 9, No 3 (2026): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute August
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v9i3.8270

Abstract

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) has transformed from a national infrastructure project into a regional security complex, fundamentally reordering power dynamics across the Nile Basin and the Red Sea. Despite over a decade of negotiations, the dispute remains unresolved, with mediation efforts consistently failing to produce a binding agreement. This paper addresses the puzzle of why technical agreements have proven politically untenable by introducing a novel theoretical framework that integrates quantile-hydrological risk assessment, securitization theory, and balance-of-risk theory. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining quantile-based hydrological modeling with critical geopolitical discourse analysis, we demonstrate that downstream vulnerability varies dramatically across flow quantiles, escalating catastrophically during drought conditions while remaining manageable during normal and wet years. This quantile-dependent vulnerability generates existential threat perceptions that drive Egypt's securitization discourse and its strategic pivot from bilateral Nile diplomacy toward extra-basin maneuvering in the Red Sea and Horn of Africa. The analysis reveals three interconnected dynamics: (1) quantile-hydrological risk drives threat perception; (2) threat perception drives securitization and incompatible national narratives, Ethiopia's "developmental justice" versus Egypt's "existential survival"; and (3) securitization has spilled into the Red Sea, creating a security dilemma involving Somali sovereignty, Ethiopian maritime ambitions, and great-power competition. We introduce the concept of hydropolitical entrapment to explain why downstream states become trapped between accepting upstream hegemony or provoking costly regional conflict. We propose a Quantile-Based Confidence-Building Measure that decouples quantile-hydrology from Red Sea leverage by establishing drought-triggered release guarantees while leaving Ethiopia free to operate during normal and wet years. The GERD is no longer a dam but a permanent geopolitical fact that has irrevocably fused the hydrology of the Nile with the geopolitics of the Red Sea. Sustainable peace requires moving beyond zero-sum framings toward conditional, rule-based cooperation that manages quantile-risk without sacrificing sovereignty.
Reconciling History and Realpolitik: A Win-Win Institutional Framework for Ethiopian Red Sea Access and Eritrean Sovereignty in the Horn of Africa Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Rowter Journal Vol 6 No 1 (2027): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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The Ethiopia-Eritrea dispute over Red Sea access represents one of the most consequential geopolitical questions in the Horn of Africa, a region described as a "geopolitical chessboard for both local and global powers." Ethiopia, the world's most populous landlocked country with over 130 million citizens, has been without direct sea access since Eritrea's 1993 secession, with 95% of its foreign trade dependent on the Port of Djibouti. Yet Eritrea's sovereignty over Massawa and Assab is absolute under international law. This article argues that despite deep historical grievances, particularly the unilateral 1962 dissolution of the UN-mandated federation without popular consent, the contemporary solution lies not in territorial revisionism but in a legally binding, commercially incentivized "win-win" institutional framework. Drawing on UNCLOS Article 125, comparative transit regimes, and regional integration theory, the article proposes a tripartite governance model involving a Joint Port Authority, revenue-sharing mechanisms, and international guarantees that simultaneously secures Ethiopia's economic lifeline and upholds Eritrea's sovereign borders. Economic analysis demonstrates that cooperation could save Ethiopia $300–500 million annually, generate $200–400 million yearly for Eritrea, and expand bilateral trade from $50–100 million to $1 billion by 2030. The article concludes that a win-win agreement is not merely desirable but strategically necessary for regional stability and that the key variable is political will on both sides and constructive international engagement.
Prevalence and Correlates of Problematic Smartphone Use Among Ethiopian Youth: A Multi-City Cross-Sectional Study in Addis Ababa, Hawassa, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa, Harar, Jijiga, and Adama Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Matondang Journal Vol 6 No 1 (2027): Màtondàng Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) has emerged as a growing public health concern among youth globally, yet multi-city data from low-income settings remain scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of PSU among Ethiopian youth across seven major urban centers. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,785 youth (aged 15–24 years) in Addis Ababa, Hawassa, Bahir Dar, Dire Dawa, Harar, Jijiga, and Adama. PSU was assessed using the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS). Data on socio-demographic, behavioral, psychological (depression, anxiety, sleep quality, self-esteem), and substance use factors were collected. Multivariate linear regression identified independent predictors of PSU. The overall PSU prevalence was 44.8%, with a mean SABAS score of 17.6 ± 4.1. Significant geographic variation was observed (F = 18.42, p < 0.001), ranging from 52.9% in Addis Ababa to 38.4% in Harar. Independent predictors of higher PSU included: daily smartphone use >4 hours (β = 5.87), non-educational use (β = 3.78), Addis Ababa residence (β = 3.45), depression (β = 3.44), bedtime smartphone use (β = 3.11), anxiety (β = 2.89), poor sleep quality (β = 2.78), first-year student status (β = 2.34), khat chewing (β = 2.01), female sex (β = 1.67), and alcohol use (β = 1.67). The model explained 42.3% of the variance in PSU scores. PSU affects nearly half of Ethiopian youth, with significant geographic variation and strong associations with mental health, behavioral patterns, and substance use. Targeted interventions addressing high-risk groups—particularly females, first-year students, and those with depression or poor sleep—are urgently needed. Longitudinal research is essential to establish causal pathways and inform effective prevention strategies.
Harnessing ENSO Teleconnections for Six-Month Predictability of Tropical Humid Heat Stress and Its Cascading Impacts on Labour Productivity Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance Vol 6 No 4 (2026): Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance: (November)
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Tropical humid heat stress, measured through wet-bulb temperature (TW) and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), represents a compound threat combining temperature and humidity effects that routinely pushes workers toward physiological limits. Unlike episodic heatwaves, humid heat operates as a persistent background condition constraining labour capacity and economic functioning across tropical economies. This study demonstrates that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections exert a dominant and predictable influence on tropical humid heat stress, with strong correlation indicating predictability up to six months in advance. Physics-based statistical models explain 80% of variance in tropical mean annual maximum wet-bulb temperature (TWmax), enabling seasonal forecasts that can inform adaptation planning across agriculture, construction, public health, energy, and supply chain management. The cascading impacts are substantial: fewer than 2018 baseline conditions, labour-capacity losses reached 9–11% across tropical economies, with sectoral losses approaching 17% in agriculture and construction. Indirect exposure transmitted through supply-chain linkages often exceeds direct sectoral losses, amplifying economy-wide consequences. The six-month predictability window offers an untapped opportunity for proactive adaptation, enabling anticipatory action rather than reactive crisis response. However, realizing this potential requires building institutional capacity, translating probabilistic forecasts into actionable guidance, and addressing the adaptation deficit in rapidly growing tropical populations. Harnessing ENSO teleconnections for seasonal prediction of humid heat stress represents a tangible pathway to reduce climate vulnerability, protect worker health and productivity, and build more resilient tropical economies in a warming world.
The Nile as a Sacred Cord: Interrogating the Egypt-Ethiopia-Israel Triangle through Biblical Narrative, Stellar Hydrology, and Geopolitical Ontology Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics Vol 6 No 4 (2026): Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics, November
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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The historical and geopolitical entanglement of Egypt, Ethiopia, and Israel presents a persistent puzzle in interdisciplinary scholarship. While these nations have been studied independently within Egyptology, Ethiopian Studies, and Biblical Archaeology, their ontological unity has remained underexamined. The Nile River, flowing from the Ethiopian Highlands through Egypt, serves as a literal and metaphorical "sacred cord" binding these three nations together. This paper proposes a new hermeneutical framework; the "Sacred Cord" paradigm for understanding the Egypt-Ethiopia-Israel triangle through biblical narrative, stellar hydrology, and geopolitical ontology. The study employs an interdisciplinary methodology integrating biblical exegesis, historical geography, archaeoastronomy, and political theology. Primary sources include the Masoretic Text, Septuagint, Ethiopian Orthodox traditions (Kebra Nagast), and contemporary geopolitical analyses. The biblical narratives of Moses' Cushite marriage, Solomon's Egyptian alliance, and the Holy Family's flight to Lake Tana constitute a coherent theological-hydrographical ontology. This ontology finds empirical validation in the annual rising of Sirius over Ethiopia and the subsequent flooding of the Nile, and modern political urgency in the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) dispute. The triangle reflects God's inclusive, Trinitarian, and covenantal character, challenging ethnic pride and offering a theology of mutual dependency. The Nile is not a resource to be monopolized but a "living covenant" between nations. The "Sacred Cord" model offers a theological foundation for equitable water sharing, suggesting that a "Nile Compact" inspired by biblical visions of mutual blessing could facilitate cooperation over conflict among riparian states.
Co-Authors Anantasha Titisania Rimadewi Arifulhak Aceh Bikila Merga Deresa Duol Dak Maluel Kassahun Desealegn Asfaw M. Yoserizal Saragih Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Nigussie Mamushet Degeif Nurvita Sari Musdiani Silalahi Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Solomon Zerihun Wan Nurul Atikah Yohana Belay