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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Arts, Humanities and Religious Studies African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Analysis of Bioactive Constituents (HPLC) of Chloroform Leaf Extract from Kalanchoe pinnata in Takum, Taraba State Nigeria Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde; Wilson, Ubur Terzulum; Umaru, Isaac John; Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko; Istifanus, Dafup Katdel; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3676

Abstract

HPLC techniques were employed to analyze the bioactive components of the chloroform leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf from Takum in Taraba State. A botanist from Taraba State University's Department of Biological Sciences in Jalingo identified the plant leaves, which were then gathered, cleaned, and processed. Using cold maceration, extraction was done by weighing 1500g of the powdered leaf into 1 liter of ethanol and distill water, respectively. Until further investigation, the extracts were stored in a refrigerator in a firmly closed container. The injection valve was used for the HPLC analysis, and the conditions were 20 μl, a UV variable wavelength detector (set at 300 nm), reprosol 100 C8mn, 5 μm 4.6 x 150mm column (30°C), and sensitivity of 0.001. Phosphate buffer (v/v) was used as an aqueous solvent (A) and CH3CN as an organic solvent (B) in HPLC. Gradient elution of the analytes occurred at a flow rate of 1 milliliter per minute. Software generated chromatograms. Operating temperature of the HPLC instrument was room temperature (23 ± 2°C). After injecting 20 μl of each diluted extract into the HPLC three times, the average peak areas were produced and utilized for quantification. Based on the HPLC analysis, the chloroform leaf extract of Kalanchoe pinnata contained the following bioactive constituents: quercetin, gallic acid, and chlorogenic acid. Additionally, the presence of vitamins B1 and B3 was also noted. The different bioactive constituents eluted at different retention times, and their respective amounts were also detected.
Stembark Methanol Extract of P. americana: Total Antioxidant Capacity, Total Flavonoids Content, Total Phenolics Content and Its Flavonoids, Vitamins and Amino Acids Profile Yakubu, Ojochenemi E.; Abu, Michael S.; Danjuma, Janya; Umaru, Isaac John; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3677

Abstract

This research investigated the total antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids content, total phenolics content as well the flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids profile of stembark methanol extract of P. americana. Plant materials have been known be rich source of various medicinal active ingredients. These may include alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins as well as nutritional components including sugars, amino acids as well as proteins in addition to other vital components. The stembark of P. americana was harvested in its plant in Baissa, Taraba State, Nigeria. The plant material was air dried and pulverized and soaked in methanol for 72 hours before filtration. The filtrate was further concentrated using rotary evaporator and water bath. The concentrate was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity using DPPH, flavonoids content using aluminium chloride and phenolics content using folin ciocaltue. Flavonoids, vitamins and amin acids profile was determined using HPLC. The result total antioxidant capacity shows that inhibition increased with concentration with the 100µL/100mL had inhibition percentage of 87.88% whereas the lowest concentration of 31.25µL/100mLhad the inhibition percentage of 40.14%. The results for total flavonoid content and total phenolics content show significant levels with 42.21±0.23mg QE/100g and 33.65±3.02mg GAE/100g respectively. The result for flavonoid and phenolics profile reveals that quercetin and caffeic acid phenyl ester were identified with 0.50% and 99.50% respectively. For vitamins, vitamin K was detected with 0.40%, vitamin B1 with 80.20% and vitamin B2 with 19.50% abundance. There seven different amino acids identified, these include asparagine, threonine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and arginine. The outcomes reveal that the plant material could possess important phytochemicals which could be used in disease treatment as well as vital macromolecules that can be used as supplements.
Determination of Aflatoxin Levels in Cereals and Leguminous Grains Selected Cereals and Leguminous Grains Retailed in Wukari, Taraba State Chinonso, Anih David; Kayode, Arowora; Umaru, Isaac John; Chinedu, Imo; Ale, Ebenezer Morayo; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3689

Abstract

Aflatoxins are group of secondary fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The aflatoxin producing moulds can grow on cereals and legumes in the field, poorly dried harvested crops in storage, processed food, and feed products. The study was carried out with the aim to determine the level of aflatoxin contamination of cereals grain and legumes retailed in Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria. A total Sixty-three (63) samples were procured from different vendors from the markets namely, new and old markets in Wukari and Dorowa Market, which comprises of 3 samples each of millet, maize, rice, groundnut, sesame seeds and soy beans. The samples were grounded and extracted with 80% (v/v) methanol. The enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique was used in quantifying the total aflatoxin content of the samples. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in the aflatoxin levels of shelled melon seeds while there was a significant difference in shelled groundnut, soybeans and millet samples purchased from all the markets. Aflatoxin levels in cereals and legumes retailed in Wukari, Taraba State ranged from 0.57-1.17µg/kg in shelled groundnut samples, 0.47-2.27µg/kg in shelled melon samples, 1.53-3.17µg/kg in sesame seed samples, 0.10-0.20µg/kg in soybean samples, 3.11-13.10µg/kg in maize samples, 6.13-15.4µg/kg in millet samples, and 0.471.0µg/kg in parboiled rice samples. the levels of aflatoxin in the samples which was observed to be highest in millet sample procured from Dorowa market with a value of 15.43±0.15% and lowest in soy bean bean sample procured from Dorowa and New market Wukari with a value of 0.10±0.00%. These aflatoxin levels were within the permissible limits for total aflatoxins recommended by FDA and NAFDAC for all products intended for food, hence these cereals and legumes analysed in this study are safe for human consumption.
Effects of Brassica oleraceae Leaves on Serum Liver Function of Wistar Rats Intoxicated with Prednisolone Amen, Ananias; Yusufu, Dawoye; Oladele, Gloria Omonefe; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3692

Abstract

The recent study investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Brassica oleracaeae leaves on prednisolone induced toxicity in male albino rats. Liver markers were assayed in order to investigate the toxic effect of prednisolone and the ameliorating effects of the extract. Sixteen (16) rats grouped in to four (n=4) were administered prednisolone and ethanol leaves extract based on the experimental design. The male albino rats were sacrificed after the experimental period of fourteen (14) days, blood was collected for assay of the liver function by ocular puncture. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased from 5.67 ± 5.13 and 6.67 ±7.02 to 26.67 ± 8.02 and 25.00 ± 4.00 respectively when rats where administered with prednisolone toxicity. Upon treatment of rats with ethanol leaves extract of B. oleraceae at 100mg/kg, the concentration of AST and ALT were lowered to 7.67 ± 6.81 and 8.00 ± 7.55 respectively. A further increased in the concentration of the extract to 300mg/kg resulted to a significant (p<0.05) increased of AST (9.33 ± 8.12) and ALT (12.00 ± 10.00) levels. Similarly, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Albumin increases in the group that were administered with prednisolone however, when rats were treated with ethanol leaves extract of Brassica oleracaeae such concentrations were decreased. The findings of this study can be concluded that, the ethanol leaves extract of Brassica oleracaeae showed capacity in ameliorating the effects induced by prednisolone intoxication.
Co-Authors Abu, Michael S. Adeseye, Abdullahi Sa’adu Aisami, Abubakar Akafa, Tensaba Andes Akafa, Vika Tensaba Ale, Ebenezer Morayo Amen, Ananias Ametsi, Smile Kobina Asare, Solomon Ossom Chinedu, Imo Chinonso, Anih David Danjuma, Janya Dauda, Maianguwa Abdulrashid David, Izam Emmanuel Dennis, Adobeni Emmanuel Gadin, Ndentang Ira Habibu, Bilyaminu Ihaji, Elvis O. Iseko, Kingsley Iyoko Istifanus, Dafup Katdel Joel, Emmanuel Askebnde John, Artu Ishishen John, Tongle Nanle Kayode, Arowora Konka, Daniel Maianguwa, dulrashid Dauda Mark, Akaninyene Muhammad, Muhammad Bashir Muoghallu, Obianuju Iheomamere Nanmar, Chakfa Oluwabunmi, Helen Otitoju, Olawale Tahidu, Issifu Tyem, Lawal Danjuma Ujah, Oche Williams Umaru, Isaac John Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Wilson, Ubur Terzulum Yakubu, Ojochenemi E. Yusufu, Dawoye Zakariah, Danladi