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All Journal International Journal of English Education and Linguistics (IJoEEL) Joal : Journal of Applied Linguistics Arus Jurnal Psikologi dan Pendidikan
Muhammad Hamzah
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Excavating Emotion: Emotional Metaphors in Incubus’ Song “Dig” Muhammad Hamzah; Aqshal Alifa Mahmud; Cut Fitrah Ashyfa; Rahmadsyah Rangkuti
International Journal of English Education and Linguistics (IJoEEL) Vol 8, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Nurul Jadid

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33650/ijoeel.v8i1.14947

Abstract

This research was written in order to analyze the lyrics of a song by American rock band Incubus. The purpose of this research is to discover what types of metaphors are present in the lyrics of the song, and how metaphors are used by songwriters to structure their lyrics and to give meaning in their worldplay. Previous research on this topic has primarily concentrated on categorising types of figurative language, with insufficient emphasis on the role of metaphor as a cognitive mechanism for representing emotion. To solve this, the research will focus on analysis of metaphor in use as a cognitive tool with Conceptual Metaphor theory as a framework for analysis.This study utilises a qualitative descriptive methodology, employing the official lyrics as data. Metaphorical expressions are discerned and examined through the mapping of source domains (concrete metaphors) onto target domains (abstract metaphors), succeeded by cognitive interpretation. There are two subjects used in this research. The first subject is a song by Incubus which is Dig from their 2006 album Light grenades. The second subject is George Lakoff and Mark Johnson's (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory within a cognitive stylistic framework. The results show 16 metaphorical expressions, which can be divided into three groups: structural (37.5%), orientational (31.25%), and ontological (31.25%). Structural metaphors are the most common. Thus it can be argued that the usage of structural metaphors reflects a tendency to relate abstract things in terms of concrete things like physical actions and processes. Orientational and ontological metaphors depict emotional states through spatial and entity-centric mappings. The study concludes that metaphor serves beyond a mere linguistic tool and is a cognitive mechanism that facilitates the comprehension of intricate emotional experiences through embodied and relatable constructs.Keywords: Metaphor, Cognitive stylistics, Emotional expression, Song lyrics, Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Emotional Experience in Contemporary R&B Lyrics: A Transitivity Analysis Of Sza’s Sos Album Muhammad Hamzah; Aqshal Alifa Mahmud; Kevindo Silalahi; Cut Fitrah Ashyfa; Aditiya Mulya Syarif; Nurlela Majrul
Arus Jurnal Psikologi dan Pendidikan Vol 5 No 2: Juni (2026)
Publisher : Arden Jaya Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.57250/ajpp.v5i2.2695

Abstract

Lirik lagu dapat dianalisis melalui dinamika wacana, namun hubungan antara pengalaman emosional dan agensi dalam album lirik R&B kontemporer masih belum banyak dibahas dalam penelitian Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik (Systemic Functional Linguistics/SFL). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan sistem transitivitas sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Halliday (1994) dalam menganalisis emosi dan agensi yang direpresentasikan oleh SZA dalam enam lagu dari album SOS, yaitu Kill Bill, Snooze, Good Days, Nobody Gets Me, I Hate U, dan Shirt. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip tata bahasa fungsional yang dikemukakan oleh Halliday (1994) serta Gerot dan Wignell (1994). Korpus penelitian berupa lirik lagu yang diambil dari Genius dengan total 164 klausa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses mental mendominasi data dengan persentase 31,7%, diikuti oleh proses material (29,9%), relasional (22,0%), verbal (7,9%), perilaku (4,9%), dan eksistensial (3,7%). Tingginya frekuensi proses mental dan material menjadikan album SOS berbeda dari korpus lirik lagu lainnya serta mencerminkan adanya konflik antara pengalaman emosional dan agensi yang diperdebatkan. Selain itu, konstruksi identitas yang diwujudkan melalui penggunaan proses relasional menunjukkan bahwa penutur memiliki karakter yang berorientasi pada hubungan interpersonal.
A Speech Act Analysis of Persuasion and Evaluation in Marques Brownlee’s “M4 MacBook Air Review: Too Easy!” Annisa Zahrani; Muhammad Hamzah; Fathya SWF Marpaung; Ariel Abenaya Simarmata
Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : English Lecturers and Teachers Association (ELTA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52622/joal.v5i2.571

Abstract

The growth of online review platforms has introduced ways where people share info and opinions together, though pragmatic strategies used in tech reviews aren't well studied yet. This study applies the Speech Act Theory by Searle (1969) with the purpose to examine illocutionary acts that are found in a YouTube video titled “M4 MacBook Air Review: Too Easy!” by Marques Brownlee (MKBHD). This study uses the descriptive qualitative approach to investigate how Marques Brownlee applies illocutionary acts with the purpose to educate, value, and persuade viewers in the context of technology review films. The corpus consists of 8 minutes and 16 seconds of spoken content, containing approximately 120 utterances extracted from the official YouTube subtitles. These subtitles were manually checked and validated for accuracy before analysis, and the data were examined through systematic coding, classification, and contextual interpretation. The study finds four kinds of illocutionary acts, such as assertive, expressive, directive, and commissive even though declarative activities rarely happened because of the informality of YouTube communication. Through directive and expressive acts, the video can engage and construct relationships with viewers, while at the same time, assertive acts affect in a dominant way, which underlines the main objective of MKBHD are distributing comprehensive and valuable information and also evaluating product performance as well. Finally, communicative actions typically indicate more intimate and sincere interactions.  The results of the study show how online reviewers use language to build trust, maintain attention, and foster reader understanding, demonstrating that communicative actions help balance informative content with persuasive goals in technology reviews. Keywords : Illocutionary; Speech Act Theory; Pragmatics; Digital Communication
Co-Authors Aditiya Mulya Syarif Annisa Zahrani Aqshal Alifa Mahmud Ariel Abenaya Simarmata Cut Fitrah Ashyfa Fathya SWF Marpaung Kevindo Silalahi Nurlela Rahmadsyah Rangkuti