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Vita Paramita
Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational College, Universitas Diponegoro, Jalan Gubernur Mochtar, 50275 Semarang
Engineering

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Optimization Extraction of Anthocyanin from Roselle as a Natural Colorant using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent with Microwave Assisted Extraction Method Ade Kurnianto; Aji Prasetyaningrum; Vita Paramita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.26556

Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) contains high levels of anthocyanins with significant antioxidant properties. However, conventional extraction methods often result in low efficiency and degradation of bioactive compounds. This study aims to optimize the extraction of anthocyanins from roselle using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) combination of sodium acetate and glycerin then examine the effect of optimum anthocyanin content. The variables applied were microwave power (200, 400, 600 Watt) and extraction time (4, 6, 8 min), optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with 12 experimental runs. Analysis included antioxidant content (anthocyanins, vitamin C, tannins, and total phenolics) and stability tests (density and viscosity). The RSM results have shown that the optimization value of anthocyanin content is 0.3217%, which will be achieved at an extraction time of 6.02 min, and microwave assisted extraction power at 323.77 Watt. The result of the optimum anthocyanin variable shows anthocyanin content is 0.3072% confirming the model's accuracy. MAE combined with NADES provides an efficient and environmentally friendly method for extracting natural colorants with high antioxidant activity from roselle.
Multi-Response Optimization of Mangosteen Peel Extraction Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent and Microwave Assisted Extraction for Anti-Aging Fitroh Bawa Berkah; Vita Paramita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.26555

Abstract

The peel of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is rich in bioactive compounds, including xanthones, phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and vitamin C, which have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of these compounds, particularly xanthones, using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) in combination with a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) consisting of lactic acid, sodium acetate, and distilled water in a 3:1:2 volume ratio. The extraction process was carried out under varying microwave power levels (300, 375, and 450 Watt) and extraction times (2, 4, and 6 min). Optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the resulting bioactive compound contents were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The optimal extraction conditions were determined at 300 Watt and 4.46 min, resulting in xanthone (1.40%), phenolics (42.43%), flavonoids (1.22%), anthocyanins (1.20%), and vitamin C (2.94%). These findings indicate that NADES-MAE is an effective green extraction technique for maximizing bioactive compounds from mangosteen peel, supporting its potential use in anti-aging product formulations.
Optimization of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Production Using Papain Enzyme and Tempe Yeast to Enhance Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) Content Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono; Vita Paramita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.29248

Abstract

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a high-value derivative product of coconut that contains lauric acid as the major component of Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs). This research aimed to optimize VCO production using a combination of papain enzyme and tempeh yeast to enhance MCT content. The study employed a Central Composite Design-Response Surface Method (CCD-RSM) with two factors: ratio of papain enzyme to tempeh yeast, and fermentation time. The results showed that the yield of VCO ranged from 5.00% to 7.96%, with the highest yield obtained at a fermentation time of 36 h and a papain/yeast ratio of 1/1.33. The water content ranged from 0.90% to 1.25%, free fatty acid (FFA) values ranged between 0.35% and 0.69%, and peroxide values between 1.06–2.41 meq/kg. GC-MS analysis indicated lauric acid (C12:0) as the dominant fatty acid, with a total Medium-Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA) content of 57.77%.
Optimization of Natural Lip Tint Formulation Using Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru Leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) Extracts with Enhanced Sun Protection Factor Yunita Dwi Asari; Devano Gothicardo; Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono; Indah Hartati; Vita Paramita
Journal of Vocational Studies on Applied Research 2025: JVSAR, Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2025 (April 2025)
Publisher : Vocational College of Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jvsar.v7i1.28440

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize the formulation of a natural lip tint utilizing red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and Waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) extracts, with ZnO incorporated to enhance sun protection performance. The optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), employing three independent variables—extract ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4), homogenization speed (5,000–12,000 rpm), and homogenization time (4–10 min)—ultimately generating 16 formulation trials. Key phytochemical responses, including betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF, alongside stability parameters (pH, viscosity, and density), were systematically evaluated to assess formulation performance. The optimal formulation containing ZnO (F6) produced 0.0129% betacyanin, 0.0590% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 18.1, whereas the optimal formulation without ZnO (F15) yielded 0.0140% betacyanin, 0.0428% anthocyanin, and an SPF value of 12.7. The RSM optimization model further predicted betacyanin, anthocyanin, and SPF values of 0.0104%, 0.0593%, and 13.89 for formulations with ZnO, and 0.0109%, 0.0434%, and 11.05 for formulations without ZnO. These outcomes demonstrate that extract ratio and homogenization conditions play a critical role in determining pigment concentration, stability, and UV-protective performance, confirming the feasibility of developing a plant-based lip tint with improved functional properties through ZnO-enhanced formulation optimization.
Co-Authors Ade Kurnianto Aji Prasetyaningrum Devano Gothicardo Enggar Sulistyo Wibisono Fitroh Bawa Berkah Indah Hartati Yunita Dwi Asari