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All Journal BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Biodjati Jurnal Mikologi Indonesia Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi 3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology
Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf
School Of Life Sciences And Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Veterinary

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Effect of Pectin Biodegradation with Aspergillus niger on Total Flavonoid Content of Citrus limon L.) Muhammad Yusuf Abduh; Wahyu Zuliansyah; Lestari Aprina; Natalie Arazella
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 4, No 2 (2019): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v4i2.4537

Abstract

Lemon peel and leaf  as well as lower grade of lemon contain a considerable amount of flavonoid which can be extracted to produce a valuable product. The presence of pectin in lemon hinders the extraction of flavonoid compound. This research was conducted to examine the effect of pectin biodegradation of lemon leaf, peel, and lower grade fruit using solid-state fermentation towards the yield of pectin, crude flavonoid, and total flavonoid content. Fermentation was carried out with the help of Aspergillus niger at 30℃ for 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of cultivation time. Pectin was extracted from the fermentation broth using citric acid. Crude flavonoid was extracted using maceration and stirred about 500 rpm at 50℃ for 40 minutes. Total flavonoid content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The optimum cultivation time of Aspergillus niger with leaf and peel was 9 days with a pectin yield from lemon leaf was 0.43% dry weight and the pectin yield from lemon peel was 0.04% dry weight. As for the lower grade fruit, a cultivation time for 7 days showed an optimal result with a pectin yield of 0.08% dry weight. The total flavonoid content in the leaf increased up to 94.3% (1.06 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) whereas the total flavonoid content in the peel and lower grade fruit increased up to 42% (0.12 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) and 48% (0.021 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate), respectively. These results highlighted the potential valorization of Citrus limon L. as an alternative source for producing flavonoid in food and pharmaceutical industry.  
Effect of tree age on the yield, productivity, and chemical composition of essential oil from Cinnamomum burmannii Anugerah Fajar; Ganjar Abdillah Ammar; Muhammad Hamzah; Robert Manurung; Muhammad Yusuf Abduh
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2019.1.1/SCDI5665

Abstract

One of the factors that influence the yield of cassia oil is the age of tree. Cassia bark is normally harvested at a tree age of 5 years old and continue to be harvested until 15 years of age. This study investigated the effect of tree age of Cinnamomum burmannii (5, 12 and 20 years old) on the yield, productivity and chemical composition of essential oil from leaf, branch and trunk bark. The essential oil was extracted using steam distillation and liquid-liquid extraction methods. The results showed that the optimum yield of Cinnamomum burmannii oil was obtained when the water content was in the range of 36-47%. The optimum yield of essential oils from the leaf was obtained at 1.36±0.31 wt% (5 years old) and for the branch and the trunk bark were obtained at 3.2±0.07 wt% and 2.95±0.30 wt% (both were 12 years old). Chemical composition of the essential oil was also analysed. The major components of Cinnamomum burmannii oil were determined as cinnamaldehyde (68.3%-82%), cinnamyl acetate (2.5%-16%), cinnamyl alcohol (2.25%-4.6%), and cinnamic acid (3%-8%). The productivity of essential oil was estimated at 336 kg/ha.year (5 years old), 577 kg/ha.year (12 years old) and 387 kg/ha.year (20 years old).
A review on community scale stationary and mobile production of biodiesel Muhammad Yusuf Abduh; Robert Manurung; Hero Jan Heeres; Noor Illi Mohamad Puad
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2021.2.2/BGXO5487

Abstract

Biodiesel has been commercially produced on a large scale, but its application is still limited primarily due to its production cost, which is relatively more expensive than that of fossil fuel. Recently, there has been an ongoing parallel development whereby biodiesel production is carried out on a community scale, including a mobile production unit of biodiesel with local input and demand. The produced biodiesel is often intended for use by the concerned local community, which greatly reduces logistics and transportation cost. A mobile biodiesel unit typically consists of biodiesel processing units placed inside a truck which can travels from one location to another particularly to the source of the feedstock. This article reviews the community scale production of biodiesel carried out in mobile biodiesel units and at fixed locations. These include pre-treatment of the feedstock such as isolation of oil from oilseeds and quality control of oil prior to the reaction unit, the reactor technology to produce crude biodiesel as well the post treatment for producing the refined biodiesel that meets the international specification. This paper also discusses the cost for producing biodiesel in a community scale particularly for the case of a mobile biodiesel unit. The production cost varies from $0.76-1.12/l. This range is still not yet competitive to the current average price of approximately $0.98/l of diesel around the world. The production cost may be reduced by applying a biorefinery concept that is economically attractive with an environmental benefit.
Produksi Konsentrat Pakan Ruminansia dari Kulit Kopi dan Dedak yang Difermentasi dengan Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) Muhammad Yusuf Abduh; Lina Oktaviani; Intan Taufik
Jurnal Mikologi Indonesia Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Perhimpunan Mikologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (717.05 KB) | DOI: 10.46638/jmi.v3i1.50

Abstract

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menentukan penambahan dedak yang optimal bagi remediasi limbah kulit kopi oleh jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) untuk menghasilkan sumber pakan ruminansia. Media kulit kopi diberi penambahan dedak dengan variasi persentase 0%, 25%, 50%, dan 75% dari total keseluruhan berat kering substrat. Media ditambahkan Ca(OH)2 sebanyak 1-2 gram dan air sebanyak 130 ml untuk mencapai pH media sebesar 6-7 dan kelembapan 55%-60%. Media dimasukkan ke dalam botol kultur dan disterilisasi dengan autoklaf pada suhu 121°C dan tekanan 1,5 atm. Bibit jamur tiram pada media jagung sebanyak 10 gram dikultivasi pada setiap variasi substrat. Kondisi inkubasi diatur pada suhu 23°C-25°C dalam keadaan gelap. Panjang miselium jamur tiram diukur setiap 5 hari. Kadar kafein, tanin, protein, lemak, dan abu diukur setiap 20 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media campuran kulit kopi dan dedak dengan persentase 25% kulit kopi dan 75% dedak dapat mengoptimalkan degradasi senyawa beracun pada kulit kopi dan meningkatkan kandungan protein miselium jamur. Kultivasi jamur tiram putih pada kombinasi media tersebut dapat mengurangi kadar kafein sebesar 7,3% dan tanin sebesar 79%, serta meningkatkan kadar protein sebesar 8%. Pemanfaatan kombinasi limbah ini dapat mengurangi polutan dan menghasilkan produk sumber pakan ruminansia yang sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia.
Effects of pre-treatment with Aspergillus awamori and extraction methods on essential oil yield from spearmint leaves (Mentha spicata L.) Yasriza Nanda; Rian Fiqraini; Kelvin Alfianza; Rijanti Rahaju Maulani; Noor Illi Mohamad Puad; Muhammad Yusuf Abduh
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2023.4.2/DDQZKJJY

Abstract

Extraction of essential oil from spearmint leaves is typically hindered by the presence of cell wall composed of lignocellulose which can be biologically degraded by microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermentation using Aspergillus awamori towards the lignocellulosic content of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaf as well as spearmint oil yield and composition, and diffusion coefficient obtained using different extraction methods. Fermentation of the spearmint leaves were carried out for 3, 6, and 9 days followed by drying and extraction using three different techniques particularly Soxhlet, hydrodistillation and maceration. After fermentation, the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin reduced from 37.92% to 19.32%, 13.98% to 5% and 27.20% to 12.24%, respectively. The yield of spearmint oil varies from 0.35% to 2.10% for maceration, 0.22% to 1.83% for Soxhlet and 0.07% to 0.58% for hydrodistillation with a maximum yield (2.10%) was obtained using a maceration method after 9 days of fermentation. The composition of spearmint oil has been determined and contains carvone as the major compound up to 77.88%. In addition, the diffusion coefficients for extraction of spearmint oil using the different extraction methods have been estimated and lies in the range of 2.89 x 10-11 m2/s to 3.64 x 10-11 m2/s. Hence, the fermentation of spearmint leaves using A. awamori decreased the lignocellulose content and thereby increased the yield of spearmint oil. In addition, the composition spearmint oil and diffusion coefficients of the extraction process have been determined.
Effects of brewing conditions and organoleptic assessment of cascara from Coffea arabica L. Endmarhuka, Alexandra; Syach, Adam Muchammad; Kumalaputri, Angelina Justina; Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.6.1/S39JWQW4

Abstract

The conversion of coffee cherries into coffee beans results in notable by-products, particularly coffee pulp. This by-product, such as cascara, has the potential for further valorisation to produce bioproducts with economic value, possessing high levels of antioxidants and ascorbic acid. This study aimed to determine the optimize variations in brewing conditions of Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) cascara on antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid. This study encompassed three brewing conditions, including temperature (80, 85, 90, and 95 °C), time (2, 4, 6, and 8 min), and volume (100, 150, 200, and 250 mL). The results revealed that the optimal brewing conditions in terms of antioxidant activity in Arabica cascara were brewing at a temperature of 90 °C for 2 min, using 100 mL of water while in terms of ascorbic acid content were brewing at a temperature of 80 °C for 8 min, using 250 mL of water. Subsequently, organoleptic assessments were conducted using brewing at a temperature of 90 °C for 2 min, using 200 mL of water with the mass ratio of cascara to herbal extracts (4:1, 4:2, and 4:3) including mint leaf, lychee, strawberry, and raspberry extracts. The preferred formulation for Arabica cascara tea involves brewing with a 4:1 mass ratio of cascara to mint leaf based on taste, aroma, and color. These findings provide valuable insights into the optimal brewing conditions for Arabica cascara on maximizing the antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid, and the inclusion of herbal extracts enhances its overall preference among panellists.
Produksi Propolis dari Lebah Tetragonula laeviceps Menggunakan Sarang MOTIVE yang Dilengkapi dengan Sistem Instrumentasi Hakim, Muhammad Naufal; Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf
Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi Vol 10 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Instrumentasi dan Otomasi (PTIO) - Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/joki.2018.10.2.6

Abstract

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem instrumentasi pada sarang lebah yang diberi nama MOTIVE untuk budidaya lebah Tetragonula laeviceps. Tujuan implementasi ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan produksi propolis berdasarkan data dari sistem instrumentasi menuju sistem pertanian presisi berbasis data. Bahasa program yang digunakan sebagai antarmuka pada Arduino dan Raspberry Pi adalah Arduino dan Python. Parameter yang diukur oleh sensor pada sarang MOTIVE adalah temperatur, kelembapan, massa sarang MOTIVE serta total lebah keluar masuk sarang yang diperbarui setiap 15 dan 30 menit sekali. Variasi penelitian berupa intensitas cahaya yang diimplementasikan pada koloni dalam sarang bambu, sarang MOTIVE berbahan kayu, dan sarang MOTIVE berbahan akrilik. Propolis yang dihasilkan oleh lebah dipanen untuk dianalisis kandungan flavonoid berbasis ekivalen kuersetin. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas propolis yang dihasilkan oleh lebah pada sarang MOTIVE sebanyak 2-2,4 g/sarang/minggu. Nilai kandungan flavonoid tertinggi pada ekstrak propolis diperoleh dari propolis yang dihasilkan oleh lebah pada sarang MOTIVE kayu sebanyak 14,3 mg QE/gram. Sistem instrumentasi terbukti berhasil melakukan perekaman data secara simultan dan tidak mengganggu aktivitas lebah. Berdasarkan parameter yang diukur, konversi resin menjadi propolis secara optimal terjadi pada sarang dengan variansi temperatur dan kelembapan yang kecil, serta intensitas cahaya pada sarang terbukti berpengaruh pada produksi propolis.
INFLUENCE OF WATER STRESS AND PLANT AGE ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf; Ibarahim, Izni Nur; Atika, Ulya; Manurung, Robert; Suheryadi, Dedi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2020.27.1.1152

Abstract

Citronella oil, which is also known as Java citronella oil, is typically obtained from the leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt and has been widely used as an antiseptic, fragrance, flavor, and many other applications. However, systematic studies on the factors affecting the yield and composition of citronella oil are limited. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of water stress (low to high) and plant age (0.5 to 5 years) on the yield and composition of citronella oil. Citronella leaves were dried at room temperature (26–30 °C) with a relative humidity of 62–74% for 3 days before the citronella oil was extracted using a steam distillation unit. Introducing a high water stress condition to the plants increased the yield from 0.80% (control) to 1.4% (high water stress) dry weight. The geraniol content slightly increased from 15% to 17%, whereas the citronellal content considerably increased from 31% to 44% when the plants were subjected to high water stress in comparison to the control. The oil yield increased with plant age before it reached its plateau at 3.5% dry weight at age 4 years. However, the composition of citronella oil did not significantly vary with plant age.
Effect of Pectin Biodegradation with Aspergillus niger on Total Flavonoid Content of Citrus limon L.) Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf; Zuliansyah, Wahyu; Aprina, Lestari; Arazella, Natalie
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 4 No 2 (2019): November
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v4i2.4537

Abstract

Lemon peel and leaf  as well as lower grade of lemon contain a considerable amount of flavonoid which can be extracted to produce a valuable product. The presence of pectin in lemon hinders the extraction of flavonoid compound. This research was conducted to examine the effect of pectin biodegradation of lemon leaf, peel, and lower grade fruit using solid-state fermentation towards the yield of pectin, crude flavonoid, and total flavonoid content. Fermentation was carried out with the help of Aspergillus niger at 30℃ for 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of cultivation time. Pectin was extracted from the fermentation broth using citric acid. Crude flavonoid was extracted using maceration and stirred about 500 rpm at 50℃ for 40 minutes. Total flavonoid content was analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The optimum cultivation time of Aspergillus niger with leaf and peel was 9 days with a pectin yield from lemon leaf was 0.43% dry weight and the pectin yield from lemon peel was 0.04% dry weight. As for the lower grade fruit, a cultivation time for 7 days showed an optimal result with a pectin yield of 0.08% dry weight. The total flavonoid content in the leaf increased up to 94.3% (1.06 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) whereas the total flavonoid content in the peel and lower grade fruit increased up to 42% (0.12 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate) and 48% (0.021 mg of the quercetin equivalents per g of substrate), respectively. These results highlighted the potential valorization of Citrus limon L. as an alternative source for producing flavonoid in food and pharmaceutical industry.  
Value Chain and Techno-Economic Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seeds in Banyuasin, Indonesia Putri, Adela Damika; Nurdiansyah, Muhamad Aldi; Melani, Lili; Dwiartama, Angga; Abduh, Muhammad Yusuf
3BIO: Journal of Biological Science, Technology and Management Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/3bio.2026.8.2.3

Abstract

Banyuasin Regency, located in the province of South Sumatra, has the largest area of rubber plantations in Indonesia, with huge potential as biodiesel feedstock, and generates income for rubber planters through the exploitation of the seeds. This study focuses on the value chain of the exploitation of seeds for biodiesel and its economic benefits to the planters using the Hayami method. The snowball and stratified random sampling methods were used to determine the pricing of the seeds. The value chain actors include the rubber planters, the crumb rubber processing and marketing unit, the biodiesel processing unit, and the consumers, which operate through the market governance structure. The findings indicate that rubber seed processing generates an added value of IDR 4,937/kg, with a value-added ratio of 64%, classifying it as a high-value commodity. Furthermore, integrating rubber seed value chain activities has the potential to increase farmers’ annual income by IDR 3,850,000, contributing to financial sustainability. A techno-economic analysis confirms the feasibility of intermediate-scale biodiesel production in Banyuasin Regency, with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.35, demonstrating its potential to create substantial economic value from rubber seeds. These findings highlight a strategic opportunity for the crumb rubber processing and marketing unit in the Banyuasin Regency to enhance its role within the supply chain while improving farmer profitability. By optimizing value chain efficiency and ensuring market stability, rubber seed-based biodiesel production can contribute to economic growth, rural development, and renewable energy advancement in Indonesia.   
Co-Authors Anugerah Fajar Aprina, Lestari Arazella, Natalie Atika, Ulya Dwiartama, Angga Endmarhuka, Alexandra Ganjar Abdillah Ammar Hakim, Muhammad Naufal Hero Jan Heeres Ibarahim, Izni Nur Intan Taufik Kelvin Alfianza Kumalaputri, Angelina Justina Lestari Aprina Lina Oktaviani Manurung, Robert Melani, Lili Muhammad Hamzah Natalie Arazella Noor Illi Mohamad Puad Noor Illi Mohamad Puad Nurdiansyah, Muhamad Aldi Putri, Adela Damika Rian Fiqraini Rijanti Rahaju Maulani Robert Manurung Robert Manurung Suheryadi, Dedi Syach, Adam Muchammad Wahyu Zuliansyah Yasriza Nanda Zuliansyah, Wahyu