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All Journal Pagaruyuang Law Journal Journal Science and Theory of law
Yusup Suparman
Universitas Sains Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Konstruksi Hukum terhadap Cyberbullying sebagai Bentuk Kekerasan Psikologis di Era Digital S.H.S Ulil Albab; La Ode Mbunai; Yusup Suparman
Pagaruyuang Law Journal Volume 10 Nomor 1, Juli 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31869/plj.v10i1.8012

Abstract

AbstrakArtikel ini mengkaji konstruksi hukum terhadap cyberbullying sebagai bentuk kekerasan psikologis dalam kerangka hukum positif Indonesia. Pesatnya perkembangan platform digital memperparah ancaman cyberbullying, sementara hukum Indonesia hingga kini belum memiliki definisi yuridis yang tegas atas istilah tersebut sehingga korban kerap tidak memperoleh perlindungan hukum yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana hukum dapat dikonstruksi lebih kokoh guna merespons cyberbullying sebagai kekerasan psikologis yang nyata di era digital. Metode penelitian hukum normatif digunakan dengan menggabungkan statute approach untuk mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan yang relevan, conceptual approach untuk membangun konstruksi konseptual kekerasan psikologis digital, serta comparative approach untuk menelaah model regulasi dari Australia, Kanada, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, dan Rusia. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan tiga hal. Pertama, cyberbullying merupakan kekerasan psikologis yang dicirikan oleh persistensi konten digital, jangkauan audiens yang tidak terbatas, dan anonimitas pelaku, menjadikan dampak psikologisnya jauh lebih berlapis dibanding kekerasan interpersonal konvensional. Kedua, instrumen yang ada mulai dari UU ITE, KUHP, UU Perlindungan Anak, hingga UU TPKS belum mampu menjangkau watak kumulatif cyberbullying karena setiap ketentuan dirancang untuk menjerat tindakan yang berdiri sendiri, bukan pola perilaku yang berulang dan terakumulasi. Ketiga, rekonstruksi hukum membutuhkan rumusan definisi dengan empat unsur pokok yaitu kesengajaan, keberulangan, medium digital, dan akibat psikologis yang terukur, disertai reformasi kelembagaan berupa mekanisme pelaporan terpusat dan layanan pemulihan psikologis yang terstruktur bagi korban. Artikel ini merekomendasikan agar pembentuk undang-undang segera menyisipkan definisi operasional cyberbullying dalam revisi UU ITE berikutnya.Kata Kunci: cyberbullying; kekerasan psikologis; konstruksi hukum; era digital; perlindungan korban
Pengaturan Outsourcing Pasca Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 168/PUU-XXI/2023 Tri Wahyu Pranoto; La Ode Mbunai; Syaiful Bahari; Yusup Suparman
JUSTLAW : Journal Science and Theory of law Vol. 2 No. 02 (2025): JUSTLAW : Journal Science and Theory of Law
Publisher : Universitas Sains Indonesia Publishing

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Abstract

The regulation of outsourcing in Indonesian labor law has undergone significant changes following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 on Job Creation, which permits outsourcing practices without explicitly limiting the types of work that may be outsourced. This development raises juridical concerns, particularly with regard to legal certainty in employment relationships and the protection of workers’ rights. In this context, Constitutional Court Decision Number 168/PUU-XXI/2023 is of particular importance, as it affirms the constitutional boundaries in the formulation and implementation of labor law norms.This study aims to analyze the juridical implications of outsourcing regulation following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 based on constitutional principles as articulated in Constitutional Court Decision Number 168/PUU-XXI/2023. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the regulation of outsourcing is conditionally constitutional, meaning that its validity is contingent upon the existence of normative limitations to ensure legal certainty and the protection of workers’ rights. A key juridical implication of the decision is the emergence of a constitutional obligation for the minister responsible for labor affairs to regulate outsourced work restrictively through implementing regulations in order to safeguard the constitutional rights of workers.
Implementasi Asas Keseimbangan dalam Perjanjian Hubungan Kemitraan Transportasi Online di Indonesia S.H.S Ulil Alba; La Ode Mbunai; Syaiful Bahari; Yusup Suparman
JUSTLAW : Journal Science and Theory of law Vol. 2 No. 02 (2025): JUSTLAW : Journal Science and Theory of Law
Publisher : Universitas Sains Indonesia Publishing

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Abstract

The development of digital technology has driven significant changes in the transportation sector through the presence of app-based transportation services in Indonesia. The relationship between online transportation companies and drivers is built in the form of a partnership, but in practice it raises legal issues, particularly regarding the certainty of the driver's legal status and the application of the principle of balance in partnership agreements. This study aims to analyze online transportation partnership relationships in Indonesia and examine the application of the principle of contractual balance in these relationships. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach, through a review of relevant laws and regulations, doctrines, and legal literature. The results show that online transportation partnership relationships have not received clear regulations in the labor law regime, thus creating a legal vacuum. Although the concept of partnership normatively requires equal standing between the parties, practice in the field demonstrates an imbalance between app companies and drivers. This imbalance is reflected in the use of unilaterally drafted standard agreements, the existence of exoneration clauses, work control through algorithmic systems, and limited driver access to data and information. These conditions result in the principles of balance and proportionality in partnership agreements not being optimally met and potentially detrimental to drivers. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for more comprehensive and adaptive legal regulations to ensure a balance of rights and obligations and provide fair legal protection for online transportation drivers in Indonesia.
Co-Authors La Ode Mbunai S.H.S Ulil Alba S.H.S Ulil Albab Syaiful Bahari Tri Wahyu Pranoto