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All Journal SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture
Daniel Harapan Parlindungan Simanjuntak
Universitas Negeri Medan
Arts Humanities Education Social Sciences

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Ecological-Social-Economic Tourism Model as a Sustainability Strategy for Pokdarwis Pantai Gudang Garam Sulian Ekomila; Masatoshi Ito; Abdullah Akhyar Nasution; Ratih Baiduri; Daniel Harapan Parlindungan Simanjuntak; Ismail Jahidin
Komunitas Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/komunitas.v18i1.22314

Abstract

Through an ecological-social-economic tourism paradigm, this article explores the development of the Gudang Garam Beach tourist destination in Serdang Bedagai Regency by the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis).  This study analyzes the social aspects of empowerment, management strategies for optimization, and the aspects that enhance Pokdarwis evolution using a descriptive qualitative approach in combination with trend data on tourist visits.  The findings indicate that Pokdarwis not only played a role in the development of infrastructure and the improvement of local economic conditions, but also in the strengthening of social capital, multigenerational collaboration, and community resilience during the COVID-19 crisis.  The novel aspect of this study is the integration of three sustainability pillars—economic, social, and ecological—into a single operational paradigm for community-based tourism.  By illustrating how grassroots leadership and social participation motivate adaptive capacity in post-crisis contexts, this strategy expands theoretical discussions regarding sustainable tourism.  Therefore, the ecological-social-economic tourism model offers both practical guidelines and academic insight to develop community-based tourism management in Indonesia and comparable environments.
Measuring success: The impact of social engineering adaptation on Indonesia’s village development index (IPD) in tourism contexts Daniel Harapan Parlindungan Simanjuntak; Supsiloani Supsiloani; Muhammad Iqbal; Zanrison Naibaho; Dwiki Li; Cristho David Mangasi Siregar; Manuel Paian Desmon Siallagan
SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 12 No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30738/sosio.v12i1.21684

Abstract

This study addresses the deficit in social capital and community participation as primary challenges to sustainable rural tourism. By challenging the dichotomy between 'given' and 'chosen' social capital, this research positions social engineering as a measurable, exogenous variable for optimizing community assets. Using a mixed-methods approach in the Bukit Lawang case study, the research combines thematic analysis of interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with quantitative verification through the Village Development Index (VDI). Findings confirm that social engineering, specifically the formation of Pokdarwis successfully transformed traditional gotong royong into productive collaboration and strengthened communal trust. This qualitative shift is validated by significant VDI increases in the Economic (+24), Environmental (+25), and Political (+23) sectors. The study concludes that social capital is a necessary ontological precursor to effective physical investment. The resulting Replicable Model recommends mandating social engineering as a front-loaded strategy to ensure resilient, equitable, and sustainable performance, asserting that engineered social capital is a prerequisite for village-level democratization and policy legitimacy.
Co-Authors Abdullah Akhyar Nasution Cristho David Mangasi Siregar Dwiki Li Ismail Jahidin Manuel Paian Desmon Siallagan Masatoshi Ito Muhammad Iqbal Ratih Baiduri Sulian Ekomila Supsiloani Supsiloani Zanrison Naibaho