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All Journal Cepalo Lampung Journal of International Law (LaJIL)
Adrienn Becanics
University of Debrecen
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Climate Change Refugees in Indonesia: Human Rights Protection amid Legal Vacuums and UNHCR Single Submission Rury Octaviani; M. Alvi Syahrin; Adrienn Becanics; Shafiyah Rahmah
Lampung Journal of International Law Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/lajil.v7i2.4736

Abstract

Climate change has become a major driver of cross-border displacement, creating the phenomenon of climate refugees. Although the 1951 Refugee Convention does not explicitly recognize this category, the reality of climate-induced displacement demands legal and policy responses from states, including Indonesia. As a transit country, Indonesia lacks a national legal framework specifically addressing the status and protection of climate refugees, and in practice, protection relies on the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees through the single submission scheme, the only system for refugee identification and registration in the country. This reliance exposes a regulatory vacuum and legal vulnerabilities related to state sovereignty. This paper examines Indonesia’s response, highlighting the importance of updating national regulations and strengthening coordination with UNHCR to provide inclusive, human rights-based protection for climate refugees.
RETHINKING REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS IN INDONESIA: LESSONS FROM HUNGARY’S LOCAL EXECUTIVE ELECTION MODEL Abd. Wachid Habibullah; Andrew Ardiyanto Dachlan; Radian Salman; Mohammad Syaiful Aris; Adrienn Becanics
Cepalo Vol 10 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/cepalo.v10no2.5318

Abstract

This study examines the constitutional tensions between democratic decentralization and centralization in local executive elections in Indonesia and Hungary. Using a normative legal method with statutory and comparative approaches, it analyzes legislation and key decisions of the Constitutional Courts of both countries, the European Court of Human Rights, and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The findings reveal two contrasting models. Indonesia adopts a uniform direct election system dominated by political parties, with asymmetric arrangements for special regions. Hungary applies a hybrid model based on citizen signature nominations (ajánlóív) and minority self-governments. Despite these differences, both countries face challenges to local democracy. Indonesia confronts a legitimacy deficit arising from the centralized appointment of acting regional heads, while Hungary has weakened local autonomy through centralized administrative oversight. Based on these findings, the study proposes five reforms for Indonesia: indirect election of governors by the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), a signature-based candidate nomination system, affirmative measures for non-territorial minorities, stronger campaign finance oversight through audited Special Campaign Fund Accounts (RKDK), and improved accessibility and independence of electoral dispute resolution through Bawaslu, the State Administrative Court (PTUN), and the Constitutional Court.
Co-Authors Abd. Wachid Habibullah Andrew Ardiyanto Dachlan M. Alvi Syahrin Mohammad Syaiful Aris Radian Salman Rury Octaviani Shafiyah Rahmah