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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Kusuma, Yan Adhitya
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Association Between BRCA1 Expression Status and Breast Cancer Metastasis Index (cM) in West Nusa Tenggara Alia, Alia; Lestari, Rizka Vidya; Kusuma, Yan Adhitya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.11751

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major cause of mortality among Indonesian women, with metastasis as its primary prognostic determinant. Although BRCA1 is a key tumor suppressor involved in genomic stability, its association with the breast cancer metastasis index in Indonesian patients remains limited. This research was designed to evaluate the association between BRCA1 expression and breast cancer metastasis index (cM), as well as differences in BRCA1 expression across metastasis categories. A cross-sectional observational study design was employed using 32 samples selected by purposive sampling, consisting of medical records and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks obtained from Pathology Anatomy Laboratory of the NTB provincial hospital. BRCA1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Bivariate analysis between variables was performed using the Fisher’s Exact test. Of 32 patients, 78.1% were classified as cM1. No significant association was identified between BRCA1 expression and metastasis index (p = 0.394), although low BRCA1 expression was descriptively more frequent in metastatic cases. BRCA1 expression alone is not an independent determinant of metastasis in breast cancer patients in NTB. This suggests that metastasis is multifactorial. Studies with larger samples and additional biomarkers such as hormonal receptors, proliferation index, and metastasis-related proteins are suggested to investigate the metastatic risk in this population.
Correlation between HbA1c and TG/HDL Ratio with eGFR in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Risa Sentra Medika Hospital Mataram Lestari, Novianti Anggie; Lestarini, Ima Arum; Kusuma, Yan Adhitya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12284

Abstract

One of the main causes of declining kidney function is type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), which is typified by a drop in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The triglyceride-to-HDL (TG/HDL) ratio indicates atherogenic dyslipidemia, which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy, whereas HbA1c represents long-term glycemic management. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between HbA1c and TG/HDL ratio with eGFR in DM2 patients in Mataram. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 56 patients at Risa Sentra Medika Hospital from Juli to Desember 2025. Laboratory data were used to gather information on HbA1c, triglycerides, HDL, serum creatinine, and eGFR. The correlation between the variables was evaluated using regression analysis and Pearson correlation. The eGFR was 78.37 ml/min/1.73 m², the TG/HDL ratio was 5.84, and the mean HbA1c was 9.21%. The TG/HDL ratio had a very weak positive connection with eGFR (r = 0.143), but HbA1c had a very poor negative correlation (r = -0.037). According to regression analysis, neither variable was statistically significant (p>0.05) and only explained 2.2% of the variation in eGFR (R2 = 0.022). among conclusion, among patients with DM2, there was no discernible relationship between HbA1c and the TG/HDL ratio with eGFR.
Co-Authors Alia, Alia Ima Arum Lestarini Lestari, Novianti Anggie Lestari, Rizka Vidya