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All Journal Unes Law Review JURNAL HUKUM MEDIA JUSTITIA NUSANTARA GANDRUNG: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat LEGAL BRIEF JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Iqtishaduna : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Pemuliaan Hukum Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH)
Hendri Darma Putra
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Nusantara
Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Role of Cryptocurrency in Transnational Organized Crime: Legal Challenges and Opportunities for Global Law Enforcement Cooperation Flora, Henny Saida; Maulidiana, Lina; Maulana, Sandrik Puji; Komara, Dadang; Putra, Hendri Darma
Jurnal Smart Hukum (JSH) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): June-September
Publisher : Inovasi Pratama Internasional. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55299/jsh.v4i1.1395

Abstract

The rapid adoption of cryptocurrencies has significantly altered the landscape of transnational organized crime, offering new tools for money laundering, illicit trade, and cross-border value transfer. This qualitative research explores the multifaceted role of cryptocurrencies in facilitating criminal activities across borders, focusing on the legal challenges and opportunities for global law enforcement cooperation. Through systematic analysis of recent case studies, legal frameworks, and policy documents, the study identifies how criminal organizations exploit the anonymity, speed, and decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies to evade detection and prosecution. Key findings highlight persistent barriers such as jurisdictional fragmentation, technological gaps in law enforcement capabilities, and inconsistent regulatory standards across countries. However, the research also uncovers emerging opportunities, including the development of advanced blockchain analytics, harmonization of regulatory approaches (such as the EU’s MiCA regulation), and the formation of international task forces. The study concludes that effective countermeasures require enhanced multilateral cooperation, standardized legal protocols, and continuous capacity building within law enforcement agencies. By addressing these challenges, policymakers and practitioners can better disrupt the financial infrastructure of transnational organized crime in the digital age.
ANALISIS YURIDIS SENGKETA NIKEL ANTARA INDONESIA DENGAN UNI EROPA DI WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT) Ani Suryani; Happy Yulia Anggraeni; Hendri Darma Putra
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 6 No 4 (2025): Juli
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v6i4.58244

Abstract

Abstrak Indonesia, menerapkan pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel mentah sejak Januari 2020 sebagai bagian dari kebijakan hilirisasi. Kebijakan ini, didukung oleh UU Minerba dan Permen ESDM, memicu sengketa dengan Uni Eropa di WTO karena dianggap melanggar prinsip perdagangan internasional dalam GATT. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis yuridis mengenai sengketa nikel antara Indonesia dengan Uni Eropa di WTO dan untuk mengetahui keabsahan legalitas Indonesia ketika mengirim Nikel tetapi melanggar perjanjian WTO. Penelitian yang digunakan penulis ialah pendekatan penelitian yuridis normatif, penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data sumber data sekunder melalui library research. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh penulis ialah Sengketa nikel Indonesia dan Uni Eropa di WTO melanggar Pasal XI:1 GATT 1994 karena termasuk pembatasan kuantitatif, dan menolak pembelaan Indonesia berdasarkan Pasal XI:2(a) dan XX(d) GATT. Kebijakan pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel Indonesia mencerminkan dualisme keabsahan hukum, di mana secara nasional kebijakan ini sah sedangkan pada level internasional, kebijakan tersebut dinilai melanggar Pasal XI.1 GATT. Pemerintah Indonesia disarankan untuk mengedepankan diplomasi bilateral dan multilateral guna mencari solusi damai atas sengketa nikel dengan Uni Eropa, sembari menunggu kepastian hasil banding di WTO. Selain itu, pemerintah perlu menentukan sikap tegas antara melanjutkan perjuangan di forum banding WTO atau menyesuaikan regulasi ekspor nikel dengan ketentuan sesuai WTO.. Kata Kunci: GATT; Indonesia; Nikel; Uni Eropa; WTO. Abstract Indonesia has implemented a ban on the export of raw nickel ore since January 2020 as part of its downstream policy strategy. This policy, supported by the Mineral and Coal Law (UU Minerba) and regulations from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Permen ESDM), has led to a dispute with the European Union at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The EU argues that the ban violates international trade principles under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This study aims to examine and analyze the legal aspects of the nickel dispute between Indonesia and the EU at the WTO, and to assess the legality of Indonesia’s actions despite potential violations of WTO agreements. The research uses a normative juridical approach, employing secondary data collection through library research. Findings reveal that the dispute violates Article XI:1 of GATT 1994, as it constitutes a quantitative restriction. The WTO panel rejected Indonesia’s defense under Articles XI:2(a) and XX(d) of GATT. While the export ban is legally valid under national law, it contradicts international obligations. It is recommended that Indonesia pursue bilateral and multilateral diplomacy to resolve the dispute peacefully while awaiting the WTO appeal outcome, and consider whether to continue the appeal or adjust export regulations to comply with WTO rules. Keywords: European Union; GATT; Indonesia; Nickel; WTO.
Co-Authors Agnes Febrynanti Woli Keban Alpin Iskandar Ani Suryani Chandra Wijaya Dadang Komara Damayanti, Tamara Deliza Zahra Rahmat Ervi Siti Nurfatwah Gunawan Gunawan Henny Saida Flora Heri Kiswanto Herry Tarmidjie Noor Hizmah Nurpardillah Ishak Abdul Rojak Lena Apriyana Lina Maulidiana Maulana, Sandrik Puji Mohammad Syahid Syidiq Muhammad Irfan Febrianto Muhammad Rafiqi Setiadi NANDA AMALIA Nurul Endah Setyani Reza Putri Krisna Wardhana Rika Amalia Saji Sonjaya Siti Maspupah