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All Journal Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Teknik Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka Dinamisia: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Electrices : Jurnal Otomasi Kelistrikan dan Energi Terbarukan Best : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science and Technology Journal of Authentic Research
Koerniawan, Tony
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Rancang Bangun Prototype Tap Changer Otomatis Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Transformator Satu Fasa Skala Laboratorium Japriansyah, Dimas Aryo; Koerniawan, Tony; Rabbani, Arya Rambu; Fajar, Artyastu; Arasyid, Tsabit
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/y7hakf06

Abstract

Voltage fluctuations in distribution systems may cause service voltages to exceed standard limits, requiring transformer tap regulation mechanisms to maintain voltage stability. However, testing tap changers on full-scale distribution transformers involves safety risks, high costs, and limited flexibility for laboratory modifications. This study aims to design and evaluate an Internet of Things (IoT)-based tap changer prototype using a single-phase laboratory-scale transformer. The research employed an experimental design-and-development approach consisting of hardware design, software development, prototype assembly, and laboratory testing. The system comprises a single-phase transformer with five secondary-side tap positions, an ESP32 microcontroller, a PZEM-004T v3.0 sensor, a five-channel active-LOW relay module, and the Blynk platform for remote monitoring and control. Output voltage was measured every three seconds and used as the basis for tap selection within a voltage range of 198 V to 231 V. Testing was conducted using three types of loads: a 60 W incandescent lamp, a rheostat, and a combined incandescent lamp-rheostat load. The results show that Tap 2 to Tap 5 maintained output voltages within the acceptable range, while Tap 1 remained below the minimum standard limit under all load conditions. The maximum positive voltage deviation was +2.27% at Tap 5 under the incandescent lamp load, whereas the maximum negative deviation was -11.59% at Tap 1 under the combined load condition. The PZEM-004T sensor achieved an average relative error of 0.35% compared with a clamp power meter for voltage measurements. These findings indicate the preliminary feasibility of the proposed prototype as an IoT-based laboratory simulation and educational platform for transformer tap regulation, particularly under resistive loads and limited testing conditions. Further studies are required to evaluate system performance under inductive loads, dynamic voltage fluctuation scenarios, and long-term automatic control operation.
Co-Authors Alsyra Tasya Kurnia Alwani, Audita Amba, Muhammad Ilham Anastasya Yuniarsy Andi Dyah Harum Hardyanti Arasyid, Tsabit Evi Suhaevi Fajar, Artyastu Fsj, Muammar Faiq Gifson, Albert Hardyanti, Andi Dyah Harum Japriansyah, Dimas Aryo Kurniawan, Sandi Budi Mangapul, Juara Nayusrizal Nugraha, Shafa Khairunisa Nursita, Ersalia Dewi Pahiyanti, Novi Gusti Pratiwi, Sukma Setia Qori, Syrojul Qosim, M Nur Rabbani, Arya Rambu Rizal, Ayu Febrina Sandi Budi Kurniawan Saputra, Fajar Sabri Satrio Yudho Sigit Sukamajati Sirait, Rummi Sugeng Purwanto Suhaevi, Evi Sukmajati, Sigit Sulistiyo, Eko Wasri Hasanah, Aas Yahya, Bayu Lanzardi Yudho, Satrio