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Journal : eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia

Characteristics of Patients with Carotid-Cavernous Fistula who Underwent Endovascular Intervention Sadewo, Wismaji; Nugroho, Setyo Widi; Tobing, Hanif Gordang; Priyambodo, Affan; Wimbo, Fitrie Desbassarie; Paat, Bipatra Einstein Yacobus
eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Vol. 12 No. 2 - Agustus 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23886/ejki.12.822.132

Abstract

Carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal connection between the arterial and venous systems within the cavernous sinus. Direct CCF is usually created from a tear in the intracavernous carotid artery wall. Indirect CCF often develops spontaneously and causes subtle manifestations. Direct CCF, commonly characterized by high blood flow, usually exhibits oculo-orbital venous congestion and cephalic bruit. The low-flow indirect CCF commonly presents with similar manifestations but is more subtle in nature. Generally, direct CCF requires endovascular treatment. This is done to seal the fistula while preserving the patency of the internal carotid artery (ICA). A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 44 patients with CCF who underwent endovascular intervention at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2021. Data from medical records were analyzed to assess patient characteristics, clinical presentations, radiological findings, and treatment modalities.Most patients presented with ocular bruit (74.4%) and proptosis (68.1%), with high-flow (59.1%) and type A (90.9%) CCF being predominant. Endovascular interventions included balloon insertion (80.9%), coil insertion (9.1%), and combined balloon and coil procedures (9.1%). When performed by an experienced interventionist, the success rates of fistula closure could be as high as 85%-99% and 70%-78% for direct and indirect fistula, respectively. CCF is a non-life-threatening condition but can lead to severe clinical consequences. Recognition of characteristics is significant in helping to guide appropriate and timely treatment for patients. Serious complications are rare.
Intraoperative Burden of Open Cervical Spine Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Complex Cases Saekhu, Mohamad; Amelia, Ria; Kurniawan, Azhar Farisyabdi; Aman, Renindra Ananda; Ichwan, Syaiful; Nugroho, Setyo Widi
eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): Vol 13, No. 2 - Agustus 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Open cervical spine surgery is commonly performed for complex spinal conditions requiring instrumentation or multilevel intervention. Although minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) offers potential benefits in reducing tissue trauma, its applicability in complex cervical procedures is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the intraoperative burden and clinical outcomes of open cervical spine surgery in complex cases. A five-year cross-sectional analysis was conducted, including 48 patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Data collected included operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss (EIOBL), postoperative hemoglobin and leukocyte changes, and length of stay (LOS). Patients were stratified by the use of instrumentation and extent of surgery (≥3 versus <3 vertebral levels). The mean operative time was 256 ± 95 minutes, with a mean EIOBL of 252 ± 223 mL. Surgery involving ≥3 vertebral levels was significantly associated with longer operative time (p = 0.012), but not with increased EIOBL, laboratory changes, or LOS. Instrumentation, used in 71% of cases, was associated with increased operative time and blood loss, although these differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, open cervical spine surgery in complex settings increases operative time but does not significantly impact perioperative morbidity. Surgical complexity likely contributes more to intraoperative burden than surgical approach.