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All Journal IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion) Jurnal Al-Qiyam Jurnal Tana Mana
Sardiman Sardiman
Universitas Tadulako Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Religion Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Development of an Undehand Serve Learning Model in Sepak Takraw for 2023 Cohort PJKR Students Afdal Afdal; Sardiman Sardiman; Moh. Khairil Fajri; Andi Saparia
International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion Vol 9 No 3 (2026): IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Furqan, Makassar - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33648/ijoaser.v9i3.1846

Abstract

This comprehensive study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a valid, practical, and highly effective adaptive table tennis learning model specifically tailored for students with mild intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) to enhance their basic motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and overall learning engagement. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method based on the Borg and Gall model, systematically covering needs analysis, product design, expert validation, product revision, small-group trials, and large-group trials. The subjects of this study were students with mild intellectual disabilities at SLB Bhakti Putra Palu. The core of the developed learning model integrated critical pedagogical and ergonomic modifications: lighter paddles (70-100 grams to prevent muscle fatigue), colorful and sound-producing balls (to provide continuous auditory and visual tracking stimuli), adjusted table dimensions, and simplified playing rules (e.g., allowing the ball to bounce twice to increase reaction time). Data were comprehensively collected through structured observations, expert validation questionnaires, and performance documentation, subsequently analyzed using descriptive percentages. The findings indicated that the adaptive model received high validation scores of 75.00% from pedagogical experts and 83.33% from table tennis experts, categorizing it as "Feasible to Use." The subsequent field trials demonstrated substantial and progressive effectiveness, with a small-group trial score of 89.28% and a large-group trial score of 94.40%. The strategic inclusion of preliminary cognitive-motor stimuli, specifically shadow strokes, significantly aided muscle memory formation before actual ball contact. It can be firmly concluded that this adaptive table tennis learning model is highly feasible, practical, and effective in facilitating basic table tennis techniques, significantly improving motor coordination, and fostering self-confidence among students with intellectual disabilities.
Development of an Undehand Serve Learning Model in Sepak Takraw for 2023 Cohort PJKR Students Afdal Afdal; Sardiman Sardiman; Moh. Khairil Fajri; Andi Saparia
International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion Vol 9 No 3 (2026): IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Furqan, Makassar - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33648/ijoaser.v9i3.1846

Abstract

This comprehensive study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a valid, practical, and highly effective adaptive table tennis learning model specifically tailored for students with mild intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) to enhance their basic motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and overall learning engagement. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method based on the Borg and Gall model, systematically covering needs analysis, product design, expert validation, product revision, small-group trials, and large-group trials. The subjects of this study were students with mild intellectual disabilities at SLB Bhakti Putra Palu. The core of the developed learning model integrated critical pedagogical and ergonomic modifications: lighter paddles (70-100 grams to prevent muscle fatigue), colorful and sound-producing balls (to provide continuous auditory and visual tracking stimuli), adjusted table dimensions, and simplified playing rules (e.g., allowing the ball to bounce twice to increase reaction time). Data were comprehensively collected through structured observations, expert validation questionnaires, and performance documentation, subsequently analyzed using descriptive percentages. The findings indicated that the adaptive model received high validation scores of 75.00% from pedagogical experts and 83.33% from table tennis experts, categorizing it as "Feasible to Use." The subsequent field trials demonstrated substantial and progressive effectiveness, with a small-group trial score of 89.28% and a large-group trial score of 94.40%. The strategic inclusion of preliminary cognitive-motor stimuli, specifically shadow strokes, significantly aided muscle memory formation before actual ball contact. It can be firmly concluded that this adaptive table tennis learning model is highly feasible, practical, and effective in facilitating basic table tennis techniques, significantly improving motor coordination, and fostering self-confidence among students with intellectual disabilities.
Development of an Undehand Serve Learning Model in Sepak Takraw for 2023 Cohort PJKR Students Afdal Afdal; Sardiman Sardiman; Moh. Khairil Fajri; Andi Saparia
International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion Vol 9 No 3 (2026): IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Furqan, Makassar - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33648/ijoaser.v9i3.1846

Abstract

This comprehensive study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a valid, practical, and highly effective adaptive table tennis learning model specifically tailored for students with mild intellectual disabilities (tunagrahita) to enhance their basic motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and overall learning engagement. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method based on the Borg and Gall model, systematically covering needs analysis, product design, expert validation, product revision, small-group trials, and large-group trials. The subjects of this study were students with mild intellectual disabilities at SLB Bhakti Putra Palu. The core of the developed learning model integrated critical pedagogical and ergonomic modifications: lighter paddles (70-100 grams to prevent muscle fatigue), colorful and sound-producing balls (to provide continuous auditory and visual tracking stimuli), adjusted table dimensions, and simplified playing rules (e.g., allowing the ball to bounce twice to increase reaction time). Data were comprehensively collected through structured observations, expert validation questionnaires, and performance documentation, subsequently analyzed using descriptive percentages. The findings indicated that the adaptive model received high validation scores of 75.00% from pedagogical experts and 83.33% from table tennis experts, categorizing it as "Feasible to Use." The subsequent field trials demonstrated substantial and progressive effectiveness, with a small-group trial score of 89.28% and a large-group trial score of 94.40%. The strategic inclusion of preliminary cognitive-motor stimuli, specifically shadow strokes, significantly aided muscle memory formation before actual ball contact. It can be firmly concluded that this adaptive table tennis learning model is highly feasible, practical, and effective in facilitating basic table tennis techniques, significantly improving motor coordination, and fostering self-confidence among students with intellectual disabilities.
The Effect of Imagery Training on the self confidence of Students at SMP 19 Palu Students in Playing Volleyball Muhammad Arya Abd. Rahim; Didik Purwanto; Sardiman Sardiman; Nyoman Sukrawan
International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion Vol 9 No 3 (2026): IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Furqan, Makassar - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33648/ijoaser.v9i3.1861

Abstract

Self confidence is a psychological aspect that plays a crucial role in sports activities, including volleyball. Students with good self-confidence tend to be more courageous in executing movements, able to make tactical decisions quickly, and better prepared to face mistakes and competitive pressure during matches. Conversely, low self-confidence can cause students to hesitate in executing basic techniques, resulting in their optimal potential not being displayed to the fullest. One of the cutting-edge psychological methods proven effective in helping to build self-confidence and mental readiness is imagery training (visualization). This comprehensive study aimed to empirically examine the effect of imagery training on the self-confidence level of students at SMP Negeri 19 Palu in playing volleyball. This research employed a quantitative approach utilizing a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The subjects of this study were all students participating in the volleyball extracurricular activity at SMP Negeri 19 Palu, totaling 15 students, selected using a saturated sampling technique. The data collection instrument used was a sports confidence questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been rigorously tested. The imagery training intervention was carried out over 8 weeks with a frequency of 16 sessions. Measurements were taken before the treatment (pre-test) and after the treatment (post-test). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests (paired sample t-test) via computer software after fulfilling the normality prerequisite test. The data analysis results showed an increase in the average student self-confidence score from 18.93 in the pre-test to 22.80 in the post-test, yielding an average gain score of 3.93. Based on the hypothesis test results, a t-count value of 4.30 was obtained, which is greater than the t-table value (2.145) at a 5% significance level. These findings firmly conclude that there is a significant positive effect of systematic imagery training on increasing the self-confidence of SMP Negeri 19 Palu students in playing volleyball.
The Effect of Imagery Training on the self confidence of Students at SMP 19 Palu Students in Playing Volleyball Muhammad Arya Abd. Rahim; Didik Purwanto; Sardiman Sardiman; Nyoman Sukrawan
International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion Vol 9 No 3 (2026): IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Furqan, Makassar - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33648/ijoaser.v9i3.1861

Abstract

Self confidence is a psychological aspect that plays a crucial role in sports activities, including volleyball. Students with good self-confidence tend to be more courageous in executing movements, able to make tactical decisions quickly, and better prepared to face mistakes and competitive pressure during matches. Conversely, low self-confidence can cause students to hesitate in executing basic techniques, resulting in their optimal potential not being displayed to the fullest. One of the cutting-edge psychological methods proven effective in helping to build self-confidence and mental readiness is imagery training (visualization). This comprehensive study aimed to empirically examine the effect of imagery training on the self-confidence level of students at SMP Negeri 19 Palu in playing volleyball. This research employed a quantitative approach utilizing a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The subjects of this study were all students participating in the volleyball extracurricular activity at SMP Negeri 19 Palu, totaling 15 students, selected using a saturated sampling technique. The data collection instrument used was a sports confidence questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been rigorously tested. The imagery training intervention was carried out over 8 weeks with a frequency of 16 sessions. Measurements were taken before the treatment (pre-test) and after the treatment (post-test). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests (paired sample t-test) via computer software after fulfilling the normality prerequisite test. The data analysis results showed an increase in the average student self-confidence score from 18.93 in the pre-test to 22.80 in the post-test, yielding an average gain score of 3.93. Based on the hypothesis test results, a t-count value of 4.30 was obtained, which is greater than the t-table value (2.145) at a 5% significance level. These findings firmly conclude that there is a significant positive effect of systematic imagery training on increasing the self-confidence of SMP Negeri 19 Palu students in playing volleyball.
The Effect of Imagery Training on the self confidence of Students at SMP 19 Palu Students in Playing Volleyball Muhammad Arya Abd. Rahim; Didik Purwanto; Sardiman Sardiman; Nyoman Sukrawan
International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion Vol 9 No 3 (2026): IJoASER (International Journal on Advanced Science, Education)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Furqan, Makassar - Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33648/ijoaser.v9i3.1861

Abstract

Self confidence is a psychological aspect that plays a crucial role in sports activities, including volleyball. Students with good self-confidence tend to be more courageous in executing movements, able to make tactical decisions quickly, and better prepared to face mistakes and competitive pressure during matches. Conversely, low self-confidence can cause students to hesitate in executing basic techniques, resulting in their optimal potential not being displayed to the fullest. One of the cutting-edge psychological methods proven effective in helping to build self-confidence and mental readiness is imagery training (visualization). This comprehensive study aimed to empirically examine the effect of imagery training on the self-confidence level of students at SMP Negeri 19 Palu in playing volleyball. This research employed a quantitative approach utilizing a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The subjects of this study were all students participating in the volleyball extracurricular activity at SMP Negeri 19 Palu, totaling 15 students, selected using a saturated sampling technique. The data collection instrument used was a sports confidence questionnaire whose validity and reliability had been rigorously tested. The imagery training intervention was carried out over 8 weeks with a frequency of 16 sessions. Measurements were taken before the treatment (pre-test) and after the treatment (post-test). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tests (paired sample t-test) via computer software after fulfilling the normality prerequisite test. The data analysis results showed an increase in the average student self-confidence score from 18.93 in the pre-test to 22.80 in the post-test, yielding an average gain score of 3.93. Based on the hypothesis test results, a t-count value of 4.30 was obtained, which is greater than the t-table value (2.145) at a 5% significance level. These findings firmly conclude that there is a significant positive effect of systematic imagery training on increasing the self-confidence of SMP Negeri 19 Palu students in playing volleyball.
Co-Authors Afdal Afdal Andi Saparia Didik Purwanto Moh. Khairil Fajri Muhammad Arya Abd. Rahim Nyoman Sukrawan