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THE COMPARISON OF MACERATION AND SOXHACLETATION METHODS EFFECTIVENESS ON GARLIC EXTRACT TO INHIBIT STAPHYLOCOCUS AUREUS GROWTH : Perbandingan Efektifitas Metode Maserasi Dan Sokletasi Pada Ekstrak Bawang Putih Terhadap Daya Hambat Staphylococus aureus Hendri Poernomo; Mochammad Taha Ma’ruf; Laksmi Novrina Dewi
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 18 No. 2 (2022): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v18i2.5414

Introduction: An abscess is pathological, pus-filled cavity caused by mixedbacterial infection. Bacteria that a role in the process, namely Staphyloccocusaureus. Treatment of abscesses is usually by antibiotics. Abscesses caused byStaphylococcus aureus appears to be resistant to antibiotics, alternative needed by utilizing herbal plants such as garlic. Garlic has active ingredientallicin has antibacterial. Objective: The purpose was to determined whichmethod was the most effective among maceration and soxhletation methodsin making garlic extract with a concentration of 50% against the resistance ofStaphyloccocus aureus. Material and Methods: The research method usedKirby Bauer method which is sensitivity test with the agar diffusion methodusing the disc diffusion technique. The Kirby Bauer sensitivity test usingselective media, namely Muller Hinton Agar media, the inhibition zone iscreated area with a clear zone around the disc. Result: Data obtained fromthe results this study were statistically tested using normality with Shapiro-Wilk to see whether the data normally distributed or not, the expression was with the One Way Anova test to see whether there was a difference that could be measured later with the Least Significant Differencetest to see groups that are influential in inhibiting bacteria. Discussion: Thecontent of active compounds from garlic extract by soxhletation methodmore easily extracted because circulation that can increase the rate of transfercompounds from extract. Conclusion: The results, 50% concentration ofgarlic extract using the soxhletation more effective in inhibiting the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus bacteria than the maceration method.

SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF RED GINGER EXTRACT (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) ON MICE (Mus musculus): UJI TOKSISITAS SUB-AKUT EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus) Sulistiawati Putu Dewi; Mochammad Taha Ma’ruf
Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) Vol. 19 No. 1 (2023): Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46862/interdental.v19i1.6289

Introduction: Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) is one of the herbal plants used as a wound healing drug because it contains high oleoresin and essential oil. Red ginger also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties that can strengthen the immune system and prevent infection. For the safety of using herbal plants, it is necessary to do a toxicity test. Subacute toxicity test is a test to detect toxic effects after administration of test preparations with repeated doses given orally to test animals for 28 days. Objectives: the aim of the study is to determine whether red ginger extract has a toxic effect on the liver of mice. Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory experimental study using in vivo laboratory experimental methods using The Post Test Only Control Group design with sample grouping using a Completely Randomized Design. The 25 mice were divided into 5 groups, namely group I as control, group II to group V given the test extract at doses of 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/KgBW with one oral administration. On day 28, the mice were autopsied, and histopathological observations of the liver were performed. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis test and continued with the Mann Whitney U test. Results and Discussions: in the control group tended to be in normal conditions, in treatment P1 parenchymal degeneration occurred, in treatment P2 hydropic degeneration occurred, in 55 treatment P3 hydropic degeneration and necrosis occurred, while in treatment P4 necrosis occurred. Conclusions: Red ginger extract had a subacute toxic effect on the liver of mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg BW, which was a score of 3 (hydropic degeneration) and a dose of 800mg/kg BW showed a score of 4 (necrosis).

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 DI LINGKUNGAN MAITREYA CENTRE TABANAN, DUSUN SAKENAN BALERAN, KELURAHAN DELOD PEKEN, KECAMATAN TABANAN, KABUPATEN TABANAN Mochammad Taha Maâ€™ruf; Metta Liliana
Jurnal Abdi Dharma Masyarakat (JADMA) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Di Indonesia penyebaran Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) semakin meluas, dilihat dari kenaikan kasus setiap harinya. Namun kehidupan, harus tetap berlanjut sebagaimana diterapkannya peraturan New Normal sebagai perubahan perilaku masyarakat yang beradaptasi dengan kebiasaan gaya hidup baru dengan tetap melaksanakan protokol kesehatan. Permasalahan yang terjadi di Lingkungan Maitreya Centre Tabanan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 adalah kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam melakukan desinfeksi di sekitar lingkungan oleh karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dalam membuat desinfektan berbahan dasar alami dengan harga yang terjangkau, rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai pentingnya penggunaan masker yang baik dan benar. Program pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan adalah melakukan demonstrasi pembuatan Eco-enzyme sebagai desinfektan alami bahan yang mudah ditemukan dalam rumah tangga dengan harga yang terjangkau (metode pelatihan), mengadakan penyemprotan desinfektan alami di sekitar lingkungan (metode pelatihan), melakukan sosialisasi menggunakan masker ganda sesuai aturan (metode penyuluhan) serta membagikan masker ganda dan handsanitizer (metode praktik langsung) kepada masyarakat di lingkungan sekitar sebagai upaya menambah kesadaran masyarakat dalam hal penerapan protokol kesehatan untuk menurunkan penyebaran Covid-19 (metode praktik langsung). Tujuan dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Lingkungan Maitreya Centre Tabanan adalah meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat mengenai berbagai upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Hasil akhir yang diharapkan yakni, masyarakat dapat membuat Eco-enzyme sebagai desinfektan alami, melakukan penyemprotan desinfektan alami secara mandiri, meningkatnya pemahaman dan kesadaran akan pentingnya penggunaan masker ganda dalam menerapkan protokol kesehatan.

Metode Analisis dalam Mengungkap Komposisi Perisa Buah E-Liquid Rokok Elektrik: Sebuah Tinjauan Nabila, Aghnia; Yuwono, Mochammad; Ma'ruf, Mochammad Taha; Zulni, Shalsa Septia
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.11099

The use of e-cigarettes is increasing, one of which is due to fruit-flavored e-liquids. The chemical compounds that make up these flavors play a role in providing flavor characteristics, but if inhaled, they can potentially negatively affect health. Understanding what chemical compounds are found in e-liquid flavors is very important to determine the toxicity effects of e-cigarettes. This article aimed to review the analytical methods that had been carried out by previous studies in identifying e-liquid flavor compounds. Literature was collected through searches in reputable scientific databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords. From the initial search, 35 relevant articles were found and then selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 10 articles for further analysis. The selected literature consisted of research focusing on chromatographic methods, specifically Gas Chromatography (GC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC). Further developments, such as the combination of GC with Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), as well as LC with MS/MS and Electrospray Ionization (ESI), were shown to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. These findings emphasize the importance of choosing the right analytical method for the compounds to be identified. The results also discuss the advantages and challenges, which can guide in choosing the right analytical method to promote the development of better safety standards.

Bioactive Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite For Bone Regeneration Ma'ruf, Mochammad Taha
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.12.1.113-126

Background: Bone regeneration remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering, with current solutions such as autografts and allografts facing limitations in availability, cost, and biocompatibility. Bioactive glass fiber-reinforced composites (BGFRC) have emerged as a promising alternative, combining the bioactivity of bioactive glass with the mechanical strength of fiber-reinforced materials.Methods: This literature review synthesizes findings from 46 recent journal articles and books on bioactive glass, bioactive glass fibers, and BGFRC. The review focuses on material composition, mechanical properties, fabrication techniques, and biological interactions. Key aspects include the role of bioactive glass in promoting osteointegration and the reinforcement provided by glass fibers to enhance mechanical performance.Results: BGFRC exhibits superior bioactivity by forming a hydroxyapatite layer upon exposure to physiological fluids, facilitating strong bonding with bone tissue. The release of therapeutic ions stimulates osteogenesis and angiogenesis, promoting bone regeneration. The incorporation of glass fibers significantly improves mechanical properties, including compressive strength and fracture toughness, making BGFRC suitable for load-bearing applications. Advancements in fabrication techniques such as sol-gel processing and 3D printing allow for precise control over porosity and degradation rates, optimizing scaffold design for clinical applications.Conclusion: BGFRC represents a highly promising material for bone tissue engineering due to its enhanced bioactivity, mechanical reinforcement, and biocompatibility. Future research should focus on optimizing composite formulations and exploring clinical applications to further validate their effectiveness in bone regeneration.

Bioactive Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite For Bone Regeneration Ma'ruf, Mochammad Taha
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.12.1.113-126

Background: Bone regeneration remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering, with current solutions such as autografts and allografts facing limitations in availability, cost, and biocompatibility. Bioactive glass fiber-reinforced composites (BGFRC) have emerged as a promising alternative, combining the bioactivity of bioactive glass with the mechanical strength of fiber-reinforced materials.Methods: This literature review synthesizes findings from 46 recent journal articles and books on bioactive glass, bioactive glass fibers, and BGFRC. The review focuses on material composition, mechanical properties, fabrication techniques, and biological interactions. Key aspects include the role of bioactive glass in promoting osteointegration and the reinforcement provided by glass fibers to enhance mechanical performance.Results: BGFRC exhibits superior bioactivity by forming a hydroxyapatite layer upon exposure to physiological fluids, facilitating strong bonding with bone tissue. The release of therapeutic ions stimulates osteogenesis and angiogenesis, promoting bone regeneration. The incorporation of glass fibers significantly improves mechanical properties, including compressive strength and fracture toughness, making BGFRC suitable for load-bearing applications. Advancements in fabrication techniques such as sol-gel processing and 3D printing allow for precise control over porosity and degradation rates, optimizing scaffold design for clinical applications.Conclusion: BGFRC represents a highly promising material for bone tissue engineering due to its enhanced bioactivity, mechanical reinforcement, and biocompatibility. Future research should focus on optimizing composite formulations and exploring clinical applications to further validate their effectiveness in bone regeneration.

Sub-Acute Toxicity and Allergy Studies of Bidara Leaf (Ziziphus Mauritiana) Extract as A Wound Healing Material Ma'ruf, Mochammad Taha; Dewi, Putu Sulistiawati; Poernomo, Hendri
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.10.2.194-201

Background: In dentistry, the wound healing process is often encountered in tooth extractions, incisions, oral and facial surgery, gingival flaps and biopsies. Post-tooth extraction wound is a medium that allows pathogenic microbes to breed and infect the wound. Wound management must be carried out as soon as possible to restore mucosal integrity so as to prevent bacterial infections penetrates the body. Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) is one of the plants used as traditional medicine by the community. Research on this plant as a medicinal raw material is increasing, so further research needs to be carried out to prove the safety of this medicinal plant. This study aims to determine the effects of sub-acute toxicity and allergic reactions caused after administering bidara leaf extract on the liver histopathology of mice. Methods: In vivo laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design with 24 mice (Mus musculus). The research sample consisted of 4 groups, namely the control group given 0.3% Na-CMC, the treatment group given bidara leaf extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW, and 700 mg/kg BW. The treatment extract was given orally for 28 days. Results: The results of the study showed that the dose of bidara leaf extract had an effect on the liver histopathology of mice, namely at doses of 600 mg/kg BW and 700 mg/kg BW it had a toxic effect that was visible from changes in liver cell structure. Allergy tests showed that bidara leaf extract did not cause allergic reactions in mice. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bidara leaf extract (Ziziphus mauritiana) does not cause allergies and at certain doses does not have toxicity in the liver of animals study.

EFFECT OF IMMERSION TIME TO MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOLâ€“ HYDROXY APATITE COMPOSITE AS BIODEGRADABLE BONE PLATE : PENGARUH WAKTU PERENDAMAN TERHADAP KEKUATAN MEKANIS KOMPOSIT POLIVINIL ALKOHOLâ€“HIDROKSI APATIT SEBAGAI FIKSASI FRAKTUR TULANG Mochammad Taha Maâ€™ruf; Widowati Siswomihardjo; Marsetyawan Heparis Nur Ekanda Soesatyo; Alva Edy Tontowi
Dentika: Dental Journal Vol. 17 No. 4 (2013): Dentika Dental Journal
Publisher : TALENTA

Polymer based material such as Poly-L-Lactic-Acid (PLLA) have been used for titanium substitution. However, the last research indicates that it was not an ideal material as bone fracture fixation device. It is a challenge to develop other materials as biodegradable bone plate for titanium substitution, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In this study, polyvinyl alcohol has composited with Hydroxy apatite (HA) and reinforced with catgut fiber. The aim of this study was to know the effect of immersion time to mechanical strength of PVAâ€“ HA composite with catgut reinforced as biodegradable bone plate after biodegradation test for 30 and 60 days. Specimens were prepared for tensile and bending strength tests, immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution with pH 7.4 at 370C. Specimens were weighed before and after biodegradation test, tensile and bending test were done after removed for 30 and 60 days. The result showed that PVAHA composite reinforced with catgut fiber has stable mechanical strength after 30 and 60 days biodegradation process. The mechanical strength decreased in 30 and 60 days in all intervention groups, but it still has adequate mechanical strength as biodegradable bone plate. In conclusion, PVA-HA composite reinforced with catgut fiber can be developed as biodegradable bone plate replace titanium and other commercial bone plate.

Sub-Acute Toxicity and Allergy Studies of Bidara Leaf (Ziziphus Mauritiana) Extract as A Wound Healing Material Ma'ruf, Mochammad Taha; Dewi, Putu Sulistiawati; Poernomo, Hendri
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 10, No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/odj.10.2.194-201

Background: In dentistry, the wound healing process is often encountered in tooth extractions, incisions, oral and facial surgery, gingival flaps and biopsies. Post-tooth extraction wound is a medium that allows pathogenic microbes to breed and infect the wound. Wound management must be carried out as soon as possible to restore mucosal integrity so as to prevent bacterial infections penetrates the body. Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana) is one of the plants used as traditional medicine by the community. Research on this plant as a medicinal raw material is increasing, so further research needs to be carried out to prove the safety of this medicinal plant. This study aims to determine the effects of sub-acute toxicity and allergic reactions caused after administering bidara leaf extract on the liver histopathology of mice. Methods: In vivo laboratory experimental study using a post-test only control group design with 24 mice (Mus musculus). The research sample consisted of 4 groups, namely the control group given 0.3% Na-CMC, the treatment group given bidara leaf extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW, and 700 mg/kg BW. The treatment extract was given orally for 28 days. Results: The results of the study showed that the dose of bidara leaf extract had an effect on the liver histopathology of mice, namely at doses of 600 mg/kg BW and 700 mg/kg BW it had a toxic effect that was visible from changes in liver cell structure. Allergy tests showed that bidara leaf extract did not cause allergic reactions in mice. Conclusion: It can be concluded that bidara leaf extract (Ziziphus mauritiana) does not cause allergies and at certain doses does not have toxicity in the liver of animals study.

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