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KORELASI DAN ANALISIS LINTAS ANTARA KARAKTER AGRONOMI DENGAN HASIL PADA PINANG EMAS (ARECA CATECHU L.) [CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS BETWEEN AGRONOMY CHARACTERS OF PINANG EMAS (ARECA CATECHU L.) WITH YIELD ] Miftahorrachman, nFN; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Maskromo, Ismail
Buletin Palma Vol 20, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v20n1.2019.1-9

Pinang Emas is a new high yielding variety of arecanut, is resulted from positive mass selection of arecanuts population in Kota Kotamobagu, North Sulawesi Province. The study was purposing to estimate the correlation between vegetative, generative and fruit component characters to yield of Pinang Emas. The research was conducted in The Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, Indonesia Coconut Palm Research Institue, North Sulwesi, from January to December 2018. Path analysis of 21 characters using formula of Singh and Chaudary. The results of simple correlation analysis produce 25 relationships, most of which are relationships among the fruit component characters and there is no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). The results of a simple correlation analysis resulted in 25 relationships, most of which were relationships between fruit component characters and there was no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). Path analysis of six characters of fruit component showed only character of polar length of unhusked fruit (PPBTS) has direct effect to weight of fruit with value of r= 0.56 and indirect effect of BBBTS through PPBTS caharacter. The benefit of this research is that the character of PPBTS can be used as a selection criterion for the improvement of the production of Pinang Emas.ABSTRAKPinang Emas merupakan varietas unggul baru pinang, sebagai hasil seleksi massa positif dari tetua yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter vegetatif, generatif dan komponen buah dengan produksi buah varietas Pinang Emas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Kayuwatu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Sulawesi Utara, mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember 2018. Analisa sidik lintas 21 karakter vegetatif, generatif serta komponen buah terhadap karakter jumlah buah per tandan menggunakan rumus dari Singh dan Chaudary. Hasil analisis korelasi sederhana menghasilkan 25 hubungan, sebagian besar adalah hubungan antar karakter komponen buah dan tidak terdapat korelasi dengan jumlah buah per tandan (JBT). Hasil analisis sidik lintas tujuh karakter komponen buah, hanya karakter panjang polar buah tanpa sabut (PPBTS) yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat buah utuh (BBU) dengan nilai r=0.56, dan pengaruh tidak langsung karakter BBBPTS melalui karakter PPBTS. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah karakter PPBTS dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan produksi Pinang Emas.

SELEKSI DAN HIBRIDISASI LONTAR [SELECTION AND HYBRIDIZATION OF PALMYRA] Tulalo, Meity; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Mahayasa, Nyoman; Wagiman, Fransiskus Xaverius; Novarianto, Hengky
Buletin Palma Vol 21, No 1 (2020): Juni 2020
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/bp.v21n1.2020.38-46

Palmyra palm (Borassus flaballifer, L) is a specific crop in dry climate dry land. The purpose of this research is to select the male and female parent Palmyra trees, hybridization, germination and nursery of Palmyra hybrids. The research was carried out on Sabu Island, Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2017 to 2018. The research method was carried out by determining the population of lontar, followed by selection of female and male palm trees, experiments on collecting male flowers and pollen processing on male Palmyra trees. In the female palm tree, fruit bunches are selected that have not been receptive, when receptive and hybridization until the fruit is physiologically ripe, the pollination is controlled using a spout. The results of the selection of the parent palm trees obtained 28 selected parent trees female Palmyra and 12 selected parent trees male Palmyra. The average height of female selected parent trees is 6.67 m and male selected parent trees are 5.08 m. The observations found that the diversity of the number of female flowers between 9-35 fruits/bunches The percentage of fruit so this artificial cross is 54.90%. Mature fruits ready-to-harvest are obtained around 5-6 months after pollination. As many as 77.20% of the hybrid Palmyra palm seeds that are germinated grow and are ready to be planted at 7 months after germination. ABSTRAKTanaman lontar (Borassus flaballifer, L) merupakan tanaman spesifik di lahan kering iklim kering. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan seleksi pohon induk lontar jantan dan betina, melakukan hibridisasi, perkecambahan dan pembibitan lontar Hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di pulau Sabu, Kabupaten Sabu Raijua, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur sejak tahun 2017 sampai 2018. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan menetapkan populasi lontar, seleksi pohon induk lontar betina dan jantan dilanjutkan dengan pengumpulan bunga jantan serta prosesing polen. Pada pohon lontar betina dilakukan seleksi tandan buah yang belum reseptif, saat reseptif dan hibridisasi sampai buah matang fisiologis melalui penyerbukan secara terkontrol menggunakan kerodong. Hasil seleksi pohon induk lontar diperoleh 28 pohon induk terpilih (PIT) lontar betina dan 12 pohon induk terpilih (PIT) lontar jantan. Rata-rata tinggi pohon induk terpilih betina yaitu 6,67 m dan pohon induk terpilih jantan 5,08 m. Hasil pengamatan ditemukan keragaman jumlah bunga betina antara 9-35 buah/tandan. Persentase buah jadi persilangan buatan ini adalah 54,90%. Buah matang siap panen diperoleh sekitar 5-6 bulan sejak polinasi. Sebanyak 77,20% dari benih Lontar hibrida yang dikecambahkan tumbuh dan siap ditanam pada umur 7 bulan setelah dikecambahkan.

Lampanah Local Tall-A High Yielding Variety for Replanting Coconut in Tsunami Affected Aceh Province Area Novarianto, Hengky; Maskromo, Ismail; Tulalo, Meity A.; Kumaunang, Jeanette; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Sulistyowati, Emy
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 2 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Aceh province is one of major coconut producing areas in Indonesia. In 2013 coconut areas in Aceh province was 107,654 ha in which total production of copra was equivalent to 63,743 tons. The entire coconut area in Aceh belong to smallholders. The coconut production in this area began to decrease in 2005 by an average of 9 percent per year, which was mainly caused by the tsunami. This had resulted in damage to many crops. Efforts to increase production and productivity of coconut plantation in Aceh needed rejuvenation of the old or unproductive coconut palms with the use of seeds of improved quality. Based on the results of the research conducted during 2014-2016, it is known that the origin of the Lampanah tall is passed from generation to generation and is a native of coconut in Aceh Besar Regent, Aceh Province. The morphology of Lampanah tall coconut comprising of the crown of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits in general is quite uniform. Of the data on the 23 quantitative characters, all have a value of coefficient of variance below 20%, except the character of 11 leaf scars obtained 23.29%. In the case of polar girth, Lampanah tall coconut is generally greater than the equatorial girth, fruit shape classified as round, egg-shaped and elliptic. The seednut of Lampanah tall generally round shape. The Lampanah tall coconut has the number of bunches at 13.35/palm and the number of fruit at 9.25 fruits/bunch or an average of 138 fruits/palm/ year. Fresh coconut meat weight is 449 g/nut or approximately 224 g copra/nut and the potential for copra production was 30.97 kg/palm/year or 3.80 tons of copra/ha/year. The fat content of Lampanah tall coconut was 66.40%, the water content of copra approximately 3.42% and protein at approximately 6.81%. Total saturated fatty acids was at 94.27%, medium chain saturated fatty acids at 67.21% and lauric acid content at 46.50%. The seed source of Lampanah tall coconut has been a selection of as much as 72 Selected Mother Palms (MAS) from a total of 407 palms of the High Yielding Block. The selected population is characterised with traits like copra yield more than 2.0 ton/ha/year, free from attack pests and diseases, number of bunch more than 12 per year, total nuts more than 7/bunch and weight of meat more than 400 g/nut. The MAS of Lampanah tall whole coconut has been marked using GPS. The Aceh government will build a minimum of 5 ha Coconut tall Seed Gardens on government land, as the development of source of Lampanah tall seednuts. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the Lampanah tall coconut with plenty of nuts, at an average of 138 nuts per palm could be released as one of the national high yielding coconut.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Kopyor Dwarf Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Miftahorrachman; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Novarianto, Hengky
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 33 No 1 (2017): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Breeding programs of kopyor dwarf coconut require a population base with high genetic diversity especially for characters that relate to fruit production. The study aims to determine the appearance of three kopyor dwarf coconuts from Pati District and correlations among 13 characters of Kopyor Green Dwarf, Kopyor brown dwarf, and Kopyor Yellow Dwarf and to study twelve vegetative and generative characters which directly and indirectly affect the number of fruits. The study was conducted at The Paniki Experimental Garden, North Sulawesi, Indonesia from August 2015 to February 2016. The design used was randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. Observed thirteen characters including number of bunches (NB), number of fruit (NF), number of leaves (NL), number of leaflets (NLL), width of leaflets (WLL), length of the leafleats (LLL), length of petiole (LP), width of petiole (WP), thick of petiole (TP), length of rachis (LR), length of leaf (LL), height of stem (HS), and girth of stem (GS). Path analysis among morphological characters to number of fruits was worked out using the formula of Singh and Chaudary. Results of variance analysis showed Kopyor Green Dwarf and Kopyor Brown Dwarf significantly differed from Kopyor Yellow Dwarf. Results of simple correlation analysis found no correlation among twelve characters with number of fruits for the three kopyor dwarf coconut, but the results of the path analysis of characters NL (r=0.5627), NLL (r=0.5920), HS (r=0.4861), and GS (r=0.6123) for the Kopyor Green Dwarf; NB (r=0.4241), LP (r =0.6390) , WP (r = 0.8705), LR (r = 0.5235), and LL (r = 0.6257) for the Kopyor Brown Dwarf; and WLL (r = 0.8413), LLL (r = 0.5617), TP (r = 0.5864), LR (r =1.5795), and LL (r = 1.0228) for the Kopyor Yellow Dwarf directly affect the number of fruits. These characters can be used for basic selection in breeding of kopyor coconut.

Preliminary Investigation of The Potential of Coconut Sugar Production Using Dwarf Varieties Novarianto, Hengky; Tulalo, Meity A.; Mawardi, Sukmawati
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 37 (2021): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v37i.444

Coconut sugar is one of the high economic value products. The production of coconut sugar In Indonesia is about 300,000 tonnes/year. During the last few years, the supply of raw materials for the coconut sugar product has diminished due to stagnant production caused by the lack of coconut climbers collecting coconut sap. The scarcity of labor is caused by several factors, especially young tappers who are less interested in climbing tall coconut palms. To solve this problem, it is necessary to evaluate the potency of dwarf coconuts, with short trunk and fast fruiting. The objective of this study was the evaluation and selection of Dwarf coconut varieties that have high yield potential as a producer of sap and coconut sugar. The research was conducted in North Sulawesi Province by evaluating 9 Dwarf coconut varieties. The results of research on the production of coconut sap and sugar from 9 Dwarf coconut varieties with different plant ages, gave mixed results among coconut varieties. The length of tapping sap varied between 31.42 - 43.21 days/bunch, the volume of sap varied between 1.1 - 3.3 liters/tree/day, the pH of sap ranged between 6.49 - 7.86 and the Brix value varied between 14.01 - 17.64. The most important traits such as the sap yield and sugar production also varied from 14.54 to 18.95% among varieties, and between 0.16 to 0.42 kg/tree/day respectively. The Dwarf coconut varieties with the highest potential yield of sap and sugar are the Waingapu Red Dwarf (WRD), Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), and Nias Yellow Dwarf (NYD), with the potential sugar yield of 2.09 tons, 1.64 tons, and 1.56 tons/month/ha respectively. It is hoped that these Dwarf coconut varieties would be attractive for young tapers and could be introduced to farmers in several Provinces for tapping purposes for the production of coconut sugar.

Hengniu: Fast Bearing and High Yielding Coconut Varieties Novarianto, Hengky; Tulalo, Meity A.; Mawardi, Sukmawati; Mahayu, Weda Makarti
International Coconut Community Journal Vol 40 (2024): CORD
Publisher : International Coconut Community

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37833/cord.v40i.477

Benefits of coconut varieties that stakeholders want are early bearing, high yielding, short stems, and slow growth for height. Most local tall coconut palms in Indonesia have stem height above 20 m, making it increasingly difficult to climb to harvest fruit or tapping sap thereby making the harvesting cost high. To breed varieties of desired characters, an evaluation trial was initiated in 2014 with BYD x MTT-S4, RAD x MTT-S4, and KHINA-1 as a control. The crossing was done in 2012 and seedlings planted in January 2014 at Mapanget Experimental Garden, Indonesian Palma Crops Research Institute, North Sulawesi. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) of three types of coconut hybrids, four replications with a plot size of 16 trees. Morphological observations were carried out on stem, crown and leaf characters, inflorescences and flowers, nut production, fruit components, copra, oil content, and fatty acid composition. The results of ANOVA analysis and statistical tests obtained those vegetative characters, such as stem circumference and number of leaf, generative characters namely the number of bunches, first flowering, and fruit production of these three crosses at the age of 4 years after planting, did not show a significant difference. The first initial flowering was in the coconut hybrid of RBD x MTT-S4, which is 26 months, followed by BYD x MTT-S4 in 32 months and KHINA-1 in 36 months after planting. The results of the analysis of fruit and copra production at the age of 5 years showed a significant increase between hybrid coconuts. The highest to lowest fruit production was obtained in BYD x MTT-S4 hybrid coconut, RBD x MTT-S4, KHINA-1, which were 64 nuts, 44 nuts and 26 nuts /palm respectively, or estimated copra production was 2.26 tons, 1.45 tons and 0.88 tons copra/ha. At 6 years old the harvest of fruits from the three hybrid coconuts is obtained sequentially 118 nuts, 99 nuts and 94 nuts/palm. While estimation of copra yield per hectare is found the highest in BYD x MTT-S4 hybrid coconut is 3.86 ton/ha/year and this yield differently significant compare with RBD x MTT-S4 is found 3.04 ton/ha/year, and control hybrid of KHINA-1, which is about 2.74 ton/ha/year. Based on the production potential, hence the estimated optimum production when aged over 10 years can reach more than 5 tons/ha/year. The hybrid coconut variety BYD x MTT-S4 is released in October 2019 under the name HENGNIU.

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