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Fabrication of glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles as 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol sensor Faramitha, Yora; Barori, Fadhlurrahman Rafi; Dimawarnita, Firda; Siswanto; Aqoma, Havid; Nugraha, Adam F; Ferdiansyah, Alfian
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 8 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.8.1.2023.1167

Refined palm oil products may contain a harmful substance called as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), which can potentially be carcinogenic if consumed in excess. The determination of 3-MCPD depends on the sophisticated machine and highly skilled technicians but it is time-consuming. A simple method that proposes rapid detection remains a challenge. Hence, this research aims to develop a colorimetric-based rapid detection sensor using gold nanoparticles functionalized with a ligand, glutathione (GSH) to be bound to 3-MCPD. Varied concentrations of GSH were evaluated to obtain stable GSH-AuNPs. The characterization results showed that the composition of the stable GSH-AuNPs has been achieved by 250 µL of 0.02 M GSH addition. A stable GSH-AuNPs was ruby red with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 520 nm and an average nanoparticle size of 30 nm. The indication for detection of 3-MCPD was marked by the decrease in the absorbance intensity. Thus, GSH-AuNPs have potential to be developed for the 3-MCPD sensor application.

DELIGNIFIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) DENGAN NaOH TERHADAP KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR Aulia, Winda Dwi; Permana, Asep Tata; Dimawarnita, Firda; Faramitha, Yora
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 34 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2024.34.1.47

Empty palm oil bunches (EFB) are the largest solid waste produced in every processing of palm oil and need to be utilized so as not to pollute the environment. One effort that can be made is to process EFB into liquid fertilizer. However, the high lignin content in EFB makes it difficult for this waste to decompose naturally. Therefore, efforts need to be made to reduce lignin levels in EFB with a delignification process for two hours at a temperature of 90 oC with 12% NaOH solution. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of delignification on the quality of liquid fertilizer (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, fulvic acid, C/N ratio, and pH). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. P1: Non-delignified EFB, P2: P1 + cow urine, P3: delignified EFB, and P4: P3 + cow urine. Liquid fertilizer was made using a fermentation method for 21 days. The research results showed that delignification treatment was able to increase the presence of calcium and magnesium in liquid fertilizer. The combination of delignification with the addition of cow urine increases the availability of fulvic acid in liquid fertilizer. Keywords: empty palm oil bunches, lignin, nutrients, waste

SYNTHESIS OF RESIDUAL OIL FROM SPENT BLEACHING EARTH (SBE) INTO BIODIESEL USING MICROWAVE REACTOR Prakoso, Haryo Tejo; Mawardanti, Azzahra Salsabila Syifa; Maftuhah, Azizatul; Dimawarnita, Firda; Faramitha, Yora; Poerwadi, Bambang
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 34 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2024.34.2.185

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a waste from the crude palm oil CPO refining process which contains high oil content, around 20-30%. There are several methods to reduce SBE oil content, one of which is the solvent extraction method. SBE residual oil can be utilized as a raw material for biodiesel. This research aims to determine the mass ratio of SBE and solvent, the optimal temperature for extracting residual oil from SBE, and the potential of residual oil from SBE to be used as biodiesel using a microwave reactor. Residual oil extraction was carried out at varying mass ratios of SBE and solvent (1:2, 1:4, and 1:6) and varying temperatures (26, 40, and 50°C). The treated residual oil was esterified and subjected to transesterification reaction with 15% methanol and 1% KOH for 10 minutes at 60°C using a microwave reactor. The optimal extraction result for residual oil was at a 1:4 ratio and 26°C with a yield of 19.12%. There is also an increase in surface area in deoiled-SBE. The conversion of residual oil from SBE into biodiesel yielded 33.53% with a conversion value of 45.28% and a FAME content of 92.97%. The characteristics of the produced biodiesel meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for biodiesel with density of 0.8674 g/cm3 and viscosity of 5.69 mm2/s. Keywords: extraction, fatty acid, transesterification, yield

Fulvic Acid from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as Feed Additive Improves Digestive Tract and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers: Aditif Pakan Asam Fulvat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk Memperbaiki Saluran Pencernaan dan Morfologi Usus pada Ayam Pedaging Dimawarnita, Firda; Dwi Margi Suci; Mugia Reksa Wicaksari; Yora Faramitha; Erwinsyah, Fayyadh Altamis; Donny Nugroho Kalbuadi; Didiek Hadjar Goenadi; Komang Gede Wiryawan; Arif Darmawan
Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jintp.23.2.138-145

The use of Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) in the poultry industry led to farmers’ dependence on antibiotics. Therefore, a safer alternative feed additive, such as fulvic acid, was needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fulvic acid extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (FA-OPEFB) as a feed additive on broiler chickens’ digestive tract and intestinal morphology. A total of 150 broiler chickens were used in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and five replications: P0 (drinking water without FA-OPEFB), P1 (drinking water with 0.1% FA-OPEFB), and P2 (drinking water with 0.2% FA-OPEFB). Observed variables included the relative weight and length of the digestive tract and intestinal morphology. The results showed that the addition of FA-OPEFB in drinking water significantly affected the ileum percentage, villus height, crypt depth, and villus surface area. It was concluded that 0.2% FA-OPEFB in drinking water reduced the relative weight and length of the ileum and improved intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Key words: broiler chicken, digestive tract, fulvic acid, intestinal morphology, OPEFB

METAGENOMIC EXPLORATION OF ECO-ENZYME PRODUCTION: UNVEILING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND MICROBIOTA ABUNDANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT Prakoso, Haryo Tejo; Permatasari, Galuh Wening; Dimawarnita, Firda; Kalbuadi, Donny
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.13247

Globally, organic waste is steadily increasing, raising serious environmental challenges. A promising solution is the conversion of organic waste into Eco-Enzyme (EE), a fermented product widely applied in wastewater treatment, soil improvement, and fertilization. Despite its potential, few studies have characterized EE from a metagenomic perspective. This study examined enzymatic activities and microbial communities during EE production. EE was prepared from pineapple and orange peels mixed with palm sugar and water, then fermented for 90 days. The mixture was analyzed for enzymatic activities including amylase, cellulase, protease, chitinase, lignin and Mn peroxidase, peroxidase, glucanase, and catalase, and linked to waste degradation potential. Metagenomic sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology revealed Terrabacteria (83%), dominated by Lacticaseibacillus and Lentilactobacillus, and Proteobacteria (17%) with Acetobacter fabarum prevalent in EE sample. The highest activity was catalase (5107 mU/ml), followed by chitinase, protease, and amylase. These results highlight EE’s microbial and enzymatic complexity, reinforcing its role in sustainable organic waste management.

Profil Pendugaan Senyawa Volatil Hasil Fermentasi Whey Keju yang Berpotensi sebagai Flavor Dimawarnita, Firda; Kusuma, Azzakiyya Salsabila Syifa; Perwitasari, Urip; Zubaidah, Elok; Faramitha, Yora; Juanssilfero, Ario Betha
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Perhimpunan Ahli Teknologi Pangan Indonesia bekerjasama dengan Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB University Bogor, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2025.36.2.226

Cheese whey, as a by product of cheese processing, contains high levels of protein and lactose, which can be utilized as a substitute medium for the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to produce flavor compounds, thereby enhancing its economic value. This study aims to identify the volatile flavor compounds present in the product resulting from de Man Rogosa and Sharpe Broth (MRSB) media with partial substitution of cheese whey (5, 15, and 30% v/v) as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The analysis was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) while other observed parameters included pH, total acid, and carbon nitrogen content. The results of the study showed that the substitution of cheese whey at 5% showed the best results, and produced bioflavor compounds such as 2(5H)-furanone (almond) and benzenacetaldehyde (rose) with pH 4.57±0.012, total acid 0.88%, total carbon 15.86±0.292%, and total nitrogen 1.39±0.177%. These findings indicate that cheese whey can serve as an effective substitute for carbon and nitrogen sources in growth media to produce volatile compounds with potential flavor properties by Lactobacillus sp.

METAGENOMIC EXPLORATION OF ECO-ENZYME PRODUCTION: UNVEILING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND MICROBIOTA ABUNDANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT Prakoso, Haryo Tejo; Permatasari, Galuh Wening; Dimawarnita, Firda; Kalbuadi, Donny
Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : BRIN - Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jbbi.2025.13247

Globally, organic waste is steadily increasing, raising serious environmental challenges. A promising solution is the conversion of organic waste into Eco-Enzyme (EE), a fermented product widely applied in wastewater treatment, soil improvement, and fertilization. Despite its potential, few studies have characterized EE from a metagenomic perspective. This study examined enzymatic activities and microbial communities during EE production. EE was prepared from pineapple and orange peels mixed with palm sugar and water, then fermented for 90 days. The mixture was analyzed for enzymatic activities including amylase, cellulase, protease, chitinase, lignin and Mn peroxidase, peroxidase, glucanase, and catalase, and linked to waste degradation potential. Metagenomic sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology revealed Terrabacteria (83%), dominated by Lacticaseibacillus and Lentilactobacillus, and Proteobacteria (17%) with Acetobacter fabarum prevalent in EE sample. The highest activity was catalase (5107 mU/ml), followed by chitinase, protease, and amylase. These results highlight EE’s microbial and enzymatic complexity, reinforcing its role in sustainable organic waste management.

Optimasi Produksi Selulosa Mikrokristal dari Selulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode Respon Permukaan Harahap, Serarifi Elagin; Michelle, Michelle; Latisya, Silva; Dimawarnita, Firda; Herawan, Tjahjono; Faramitha, Yora
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 33 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v33i3.330

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah biomassa yang melimpah dengan kandungan selulosa tinggi, namun pemanfaatannya masih terbatas pada aplikasi konvensional seperti sebagai mulsa di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Padahal, TKKS berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi produk turunannya yang bernilai tinggi, seperti mikrokristalin selulosa (mycrocrystalline cellulose/MCC) yang memiliki aplikasi luas di berbagai industri, termasuk farmasi, makanan, dan material komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi produksi MCC dari selulosa TKKS melalui hidrolisis asam menggunakan pendekatan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) untuk mencapai yield tertinggi. Optimasi dilakukan terhadap tiga variabel utama, yaitu konsentrasi asam klorida/HCl (1,2,3 M), waktu hidrolisis (20, 40, 60 menit), dan rasio massa selulosa terhadap volume HCl (25, 50, 75 g/L), dengan rancangan eksperimen Box-Behnken. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa yield MCC tertinggi sebesar 84,41% tercapai pada konsentrasi HCl 1,77 M, waktu hidrolisis 36,57 menit, dan rasio massa selulosa terhadap volume HCl 58,33 g/L. MCC yang diperoleh berdasarkan kondisi optimum memiliki kandungan alpha selulosa 71,42%; hemiselulosa 14,36%; dan lignin 0,59%. Analisis Forier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) mengkonfirmasi profil spektral dan kristalinitas yang sesuai dengan tipikal MCC. Hasil yang diperoleh membuktikan bahwa optimasi produksi menggunakan RSM berhasil meningkatkan efisiensi produksi MCC dengan yield dan kandungan selulosa yang tinggi.

BIODELIGNIFIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK Dimawarnita, Firda; Latisya, Silva; Perwitasari, Urip; Faramitha, Yora
WARTA Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol. 30 No. 2 (2025): Warta Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.war.warta.v30i2.214

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah biomassa yang jumlahnya melimpah namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. TKKS berpotensi dimanfaatkan kembali melalui proses pengomposan menjadi pupuk organik. Akan tetapi, kandungan lignin yang tinggi dalam TKKS menyebabkan proses pengomposan berlangsung lama, sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menurunkan kadar lignin melalui proses biodelignifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses biodelignifikasi TKKS melalui pemanfaatannya sebagai media pertumbuhan jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) dan mengevaluasi efektivitas sisa baglog hasil budidaya tersebut sebagai pupuk organik. TKKS diformulasikan dalam berbagai komposisi dan digunakan sebagai bahan baglog jamur. Sisa baglog yang telah terdekomposisi selanjutnya diuji kandungan lignin, selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan rasio C/N, kemudian diaplikasikan ke tanaman cabai dan terong. Hasil menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar lignin dan C/N rasio yang mengindikasikan terjadinya proses biodelignifikasi dan pengomposan. Aplikasi pupuk organik dari sisa baglog pada tanaman cabai dan terong menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang baik, terutama pada perlakuan dengan kandungan TKKS 75–100%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sisa baglog TKKS berpotensi besar sebagai pupuk organik yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan.

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ECO-ENZYME TERHADAP LAJU DEKOMPOSISI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT Erwinsyah, Fayyadh Altamis; Dimawarnita, Firda; Faramitha, Yora; Aulia Asy'ariyandika, Fannysa
WARTA Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol. 30 No. 3 (2025): Warta Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.war.warta.v30i3.239

Indonesia sebagai produsen utama kelapa sawit menghasilkan volume limbah padat yang besar, terutama tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Limbah ini mengandung kadar lignoselulosa yang tinggi, sehingga sulit terurai secara alami dan berpotensi menimbulkan masalah lingkungan bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Proses penguraian TKKS dapat dioptimalkan dengan tambahan bioaktivator, seperti eco-enzyme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi eco-enzyme sebagai bioaktivator pada proses dekomposisi tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penyemprotan eco-enzyme dan air, serta dilakukan pengamatan pada hari ke-1, ke-7, dan ke-14. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah kadar C-organik menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, kadar N-total menggunakan metode Kjeldahl, dan diperoleh perhitungan rasio C/N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan eco-enzyme memberikan penurunan kadar C-organik yang lebih cepat (6,64%), peningkatan kadar N-total (21,99%), dan penurunan rasio C/N hingga 23% yang mencapai standar kematangan dalam 14 hari. Secara keseluruhan, eco-enzyme berpotensi menjadi bioaktivator yang mempercepat proses dekomposisi TKKS.

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