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The Cities in East Sumatera after the Development of Plantation Industry 1863-1942 Sumarno, Edi; Karina, Nina; Ginting, Junita Setiana; Handoko, Handoko
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (2019): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v2i2.246

Abstract

The ports in East Sumatra were located on the banks of the riverbefore the presence of plantations.These traditional cities underwent some changes after the presence of plantations, where the cities on the riverbank changed intothe cities in the middle of the plantation. The new cities that emerged after the development of plantations were formed or initiated by the plantation party and the Dutch Colonial government in East Sumatra. The purpose was for the cities to become the administrative center of the plantations and government. Why did the colonial government or plantations build new cities? And howwas the development of the old cities and the new cities?
Under the Umbrella of Custom: Harmonious Relationship between Christian and Islam in Tiga Beringin Village and Simpang Pergendangan Village, Karo Ginting, Junita Setiana; Sumarno, Edi; Karina, Nina; Handoko, Handoko
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Vol 3, No 1 (2020): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute February
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v3i1.716

Abstract

Indonesian society is a pluralistic society. The pluralism of society can be seen from the diversity of languages, ethnicities and religions. This pluralism is also reflected in the diverse Karo community in embracing religions such as Christian, Catholic, Islam and ancestral religions. Many religions are believed by Karo community, but the community's stigma still places that Karo community are Protestant Christians. Behind this stigma, there is a community of society whose entire population is Muslim. The villages are Tiga Beringin Village and Simpang Pergendangan Village, Tiga Binanga Sub-district. However, how is the relationship between the community groups well established and why there has never been a problem by the majority Christian population? This article will answer the things mentioned above which tell how the relationship between the community is harmoniously established and conflicts never occur.