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Multi-Feedstocks Biodiesel Production from Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Castor Oil, Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil Hadiyanto, H; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Widayat, Widayat; Kusmiyati, Kusmiyati; Budiman, Arief; Roesyadi, Achmad
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 9, No 1 (2020): February 2020
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.9.1.119-123

Biodiesel can be produced from various vegetable oils and animal fat. Abundant sources of vegetable oil in Indonesia, such as Calophyllum inophyllum, Ricinus communis, palm oil, and waste cooking oil, were used as raw materials. Multi-feedstock biodiesel was used to increase the flexibility operation of biodiesel production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a combination of vegetable oils on biodiesel characteristics. Degumming and two steps of esterification were applied for high free fatty acid feedstock before trans-esterification in combination with other vegetable oils. Potassium hydroxide was used as a homogenous catalyst and methanol as another raw material. The acid value of C. inophyllum decreased from 54 mg KOH/gr oil to 2.15 mg KOH/gr oil after two steps of esterification. Biodiesel yield from multi-feedstock was 87.926% with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 60Â â„ƒ, and catalyst of 1%wt. Â©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

Produksi Asam Laktat Melalui Jalur Biologi dan Jalur Kimia Katalitik Menggunakan Berbagai Bahan Baku Aini, Apsari Puspita; Nurmalasari, Enny; Rasrendra, Carolus Borromeus; Sitompul, Johnner
Eksergi Vol 20, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v20i3.9768

Aplikasi asam laktat pada berbagai industri menarik minat para peneliti untuk memproduksi asam laktat melalui berbagai jalur reaksi. Perolehan isomer asam lakat yang lebih murni dibandingkan dengan jalur reaksi kimia katalitik menjadikan jalur biologi dengan fermentasi menjadi jalur reaksi yang banyak dipakai di industri. Berbagai mikroorganisme pada golongan Lactic Acid Bacteria telah digunakan untuk memproduksi asam laktat baik dalam skala laboratorium maupun skala industri. Berbagai bahan baku dapat dikonversi menjadi asam laktat seperti, dihidroksi aseton, gliseraldehid, piruvaldehid, xilosa, glukosa, fruktosa, sukrosa, selulosa, insulin, selobiosa, pati, levoglukosan dan lignoselulosa. Kemampuan katalis dalam metode kimiawi menarik banyak minat peneliti untuk mencari alternatif pembuatan asam laktat yang bisa mengkonversi gula menjadi asam laktat dengan waktu reaksi yang lebih singkat. Penggunaan berbagai katalis mulai dari katalis homogen dan heterogen terbukti dapat menghasilkan asam laktat dengan yield yang bervariasi. Katalis lanthanum triflate terlihat menghasilkan asam laktat dengan perolehan yang baik walaupun dari bahan baku lignoselulosa yang perlu perlakuan awal terlebih dahulu karena mempunyai senyawa lignin yang bisa menghalangi kerja katalis.Kata Kunci: asam laktat; kimia katalitik; fermentasi; lignoselulosa ABSTRACT: The utilization of lactic acid for various applications encourages researchers to produce lactic acid by various reaction pathways. The yield of lactic acid isomer which is purer than the catalytic chemical reaction makes the biological pathway by fermentation widely used in industry. Various microorganisms in the Lactic Acid Bacteria categories have been used to produce lactic acid both on a laboratory and industrial scale. Various raw materials can be converted into lactic acid such as dihydroxy acetone, glyceraldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, xylose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulose, insulin, cellobiose, starch, levoglucosan and lignocellulose. The ability of catalyst has attracted interest of researcher to find alternatives for making lactic acid that can convert sugar into lactic acid with a shorter reaction time. The use of various catalysts from homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts has been proven to produce lactic acid with varying results. The lanthanum triflate catalyst proven to produce lactic acid with a high yield, even though it is from lignocellulosic raw materials that need pre-treatment to remove lignin compounds which can inhibit the performance of the catalyst.Keywords: lactic acid; chemical catalytic; fermentation; lignocellulose

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Teknologi Ultrafiltrasi Dengan Sistem Monitoring Berbasis Internet of Things N. H., Harmiwati; Yahya, Agung Kurnia; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Nurmalasari, Enny; Permadani, Resi Levi; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Rahayu, Puji
Journal of Industrial Community Empowerment Vol 3, No 1 (2024): Published in April 2024
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/jice.v3i1.253

Waste from the tofu industry is a byproduct of the tofu production process that can have negative environmental impacts if not managed properly. CV. Dapur Tahu still discharges liquid waste directly into the river, posing a potential threat of river water pollution. Although a new reservoir and waste disposal channel are under construction, there is currently no effective waste treatment facility in place. To address this issue, a tofu wastewater treatment facility utilizing filtration technology is proposed due to its simplicity of operation, durability, and high efficiency in removing organic contaminants. The technology comprises a multi-stage filtration process involving sand filters (pumice, zeolite, and activated charcoal) combined with ultrafiltration membrane technology, complemented by a monitoring system consisting of TDS, pH, and temperature sensors. The multi-stage filtration process is capable of reducing TDS levels to 160 ppm, resulting in visibly clearer wastewater compared to the initial turbid white condition. The installation of IoT-based monitoring devices in the wastewater treatment process significantly aids in real-time water quality monitoring, accessible via mobile phone screens.

Linear Regression Analysis on Fluid Flow Rate in Tank Level Control Rahayu, Puji; Ronald Sukwadi; Yahya, Agung Kurnia; Nurmalasari, Enny; Aini, Apsari Puspita
Journal of Chemical Process Engineering Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Industri - Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33096/jcpe.v9i3.1555

This research was conducted to study the effect of pump speed on changes in fluid levels in the tank and linear regression analysis of fluid flow. The variation used is a 4 mm solenoid and a variable pump speed range of 30-50%. The results of increasing the level at a pump speed of 32% obtained a level of 82 mm and a pump speed of 50% obtained a level of 149.9 mm, with fluid flow rotation occurring in the first minute. In addition, the determination calculation uses actual fluid level data at time 0 seconds (n=1), time 60.27 seconds (n=30), and time 180 seconds (n=61), with a fluid level value of 1 mm, 118 mm, and 141 mm. So the determination evaluation (R2) obtained is 0.863, which indicates that the model is included in the high tolerance category. So this indicates that the PID controller in this series of piping system equipment is still suitable for use because in the recording of the fluid flow data obtained no significant gaps were found. Apart from that, it can also be seen that the pump speed affects the fluid flow rate due to the change in mechanical energy into kinetic energy which pushes the fluid towards the tank. Process time also influences changes in fluid levels in the tank as a result.

EVALUASI KINERJA PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER DI REFINERY PLANT INDUSTRI MINYAK GORENG Yahya, Agung Kurnia; Romigo, Rivaldo; Rahayu, Puji; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Ulia, Hasnah
JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNOLOGI INDSUTRI (SAINTI) Vol 20, No 1 (2023): VOL 20 NO 1 JUNI 2023
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/sainti.v20i1.203

Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE) is an element that has an important role in energy efficiency in PT. XYZ. At PT. XYZ there is a problem with the PHE device, where the flow rate of the hot fluid in the device tends to decrease over time, this can cause the heat transfer between the hot fluid and the cold fluid to be sub-optimal resulting in a decrease in the performance of the device. The performance of PHE equipment can be seen from its effectiveness, if PHE performance decreases it can cause an increase in energy consumption so that the cost incurred also increases. This study aims to calculate the effectiveness of PHE type 605A used as a heat exchanger between crude palm oil and bleached palm oil refined at PT. XYZ and current effectiveness is around 81.77% - 86.13%. However, the efficacy of PHE decreases over time and is expected to decrease to 75% on day 11. Recommendations that can be given in this study are routine maintenance and cleaning, real-time monitoring of the performance of the plate heat exchanger, and a review of the workload of the plate heat exchanger system.

Modification of Bentonite with Nano Silica Oxide (SiO₂) for the Purification Process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Nurmalasari, Enny; Yahya, Agung Kurnia; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Ulia, Hasnah
MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering Vol 7 No 3 (2025): Motivection : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering
Publisher : Indonesian Mechanical Electrical and Industrial Research Society (IMEIRS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46574/motivection.v7i3.448

The efficiency of β-carotene removal is a critical parameter in commercial refining, as it directly influences the overall process effectiveness; therefore, the selection of appropriate bleaching agents is crucial. The limited effectiveness of Bleaching Earth (BE) in refining crude palm oil (CPO) to meet color standards poses a challenge. To improve BE's performance, natural bentonite was modified with nano-SiO₂ through a facile-mixing method. Bentonite was modified with nano-SiO2 in concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% w/v, to assess the effectiveness of this modified bentonite in the CPO bleaching process. Bleaching was conducted at 90°C with a BE concentration of 0.5% w/v for 30 minutes. Characterization confirmed successful integration of modified Bentonite indicated by enhancing surface area. Bentonite modified with 15% nano-SiO2 showed a significant improvement in bleaching performance, reducing β-carotene content to 553.84 ppm compared to 630.36 ppm with unmodified bentonite. The red/yellow color value also decreased to 1.5/15 from the original CPO value of 2.1/21, along with a reduction in FFA value. The results of this study indicate that modifying bentonite with nano silica oxide offers a solution to reduce the amount of bentonite used in the bleaching process.

Pembuatan Nata De Coco di Nagari Kamang Hilir Kabupaten Agam Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Ulia, Hasnah; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Nurmalasari, Enny; Khairati, Miftahul; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Yahya , Agung Kurnia
Journal of Industrial Community Empowerment Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/jice.v2i1.190

Agam district has a coconut plantation of 56,744 hectares with an average production of 3,000 tons per year. Coconut water is one of the coconut plant products that has not been utilized optimally. Many benefits or new products that have a higher selling value use coconut water as a raw material. One of the products derived from coconut water that we consume daily is Nata de coco. Nata de coco has high fiber, but low in calories. Nata de coco can also be a business opportunity for the home industry. Based on the business opportunity from Nata de coco, The community service of Politeknik ATI Padang held the training of the production of Nata de coco to the women community in Kamang Hilir Village, Agam District, West Sumatera. The training was carried out on February 5, 2023 attended by 30 participants. The training began with the explanation about the materials and tools used in making Nata de coco. The main materials used were coconut water, urea, sugar, Acetobacter xylinum. Then, the practice is carried out jointly between the women community and the community service team from Politeknik ATI Padang. The training was closed with the presentation of business prospective from Nata de coco. All of the participants were enthusiastic with this training. It is expected that the women community in Kamang Hilir Village have the knowledge and the skill to make their own Nata de coco.

Produksi Asam Laktat Melalui Jalur Biologi dan Jalur Kimia Katalitik Menggunakan Berbagai Bahan Baku Aini, Apsari Puspita; Nurmalasari, Enny; Rasrendra, Carolus Borromeus; Sitompul, Johnner
Eksergi Vol 20 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v20i3.9768

Aplikasi asam laktat pada berbagai industri menarik minat para peneliti untuk memproduksi asam laktat melalui berbagai jalur reaksi. Perolehan isomer asam lakat yang lebih murni dibandingkan dengan jalur reaksi kimia katalitik menjadikan jalur biologi dengan fermentasi menjadi jalur reaksi yang banyak dipakai di industri. Berbagai mikroorganisme pada golongan Lactic Acid Bacteria telah digunakan untuk memproduksi asam laktat baik dalam skala laboratorium maupun skala industri. Berbagai bahan baku dapat dikonversi menjadi asam laktat seperti, dihidroksi aseton, gliseraldehid, piruvaldehid, xilosa, glukosa, fruktosa, sukrosa, selulosa, insulin, selobiosa, pati, levoglukosan dan lignoselulosa. Kemampuan katalis dalam metode kimiawi menarik banyak minat peneliti untuk mencari alternatif pembuatan asam laktat yang bisa mengkonversi gula menjadi asam laktat dengan waktu reaksi yang lebih singkat. Penggunaan berbagai katalis mulai dari katalis homogen dan heterogen terbukti dapat menghasilkan asam laktat dengan yield yang bervariasi. Katalis lanthanum triflate terlihat menghasilkan asam laktat dengan perolehan yang baik walaupun dari bahan baku lignoselulosa yang perlu perlakuan awal terlebih dahulu karena mempunyai senyawa lignin yang bisa menghalangi kerja katalis.Kata Kunci: asam laktat; kimia katalitik; fermentasi; lignoselulosa ABSTRACT: The utilization of lactic acid for various applications encourages researchers to produce lactic acid by various reaction pathways. The yield of lactic acid isomer which is purer than the catalytic chemical reaction makes the biological pathway by fermentation widely used in industry. Various microorganisms in the Lactic Acid Bacteria categories have been used to produce lactic acid both on a laboratory and industrial scale. Various raw materials can be converted into lactic acid such as dihydroxy acetone, glyceraldehyde, pyruvaldehyde, xylose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulose, insulin, cellobiose, starch, levoglucosan and lignocellulose. The ability of catalyst has attracted interest of researcher to find alternatives for making lactic acid that can convert sugar into lactic acid with a shorter reaction time. The use of various catalysts from homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts has been proven to produce lactic acid with varying results. The lanthanum triflate catalyst proven to produce lactic acid with a high yield, even though it is from lignocellulosic raw materials that need pre-treatment to remove lignin compounds which can inhibit the performance of the catalyst.Keywords: lactic acid; chemical catalytic; fermentation; lignocellulose

Comparison of Different Types of Bleaching Earth on the Quality of Bleaching Palm Oil (BPO) Khairati, Miftahul; Aini, Apsari Puspita; Nurmalasari, Enny; Yahya, Agung Kurnia
Eksergi Vol 22 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v22i1.13311

Bleaching Earth (BE), primarily derived from Bentonite, is widely used in the bleaching process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Its efficiency depends on the proportions of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, which enable effective pigment absorption. This study evaluates the performance of unmodified Bentonite, nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite, and commercial BE in producing Bleached Palm Oil (BPO). The novelty lies in the nano SiO₂ modification, designed to enhance the structural properties and absorption capabilities of Bentonite. Characterization of BE was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while BPO quality was assessed through parameters like moisture content, acid value, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) levels, (Deterioration of Bleachability Index (DOBI), and β-carotene concentration. The results showed that BPO processed with nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite had the lowest β-carotene concentration (443%) and a DOBI value of 1.453, demonstrating superior bleaching performance compared to unmodified and commercial BE. Other parameters, including FFA levels and moisture content, exhibited minimal variation. Color analysis revealed that BPO processed with nano SiO₂-modified Bentonite achieved a comparable color value (1.5/15) to commercial BE. These findings highlight the potential of nano SiO₂-modified bentonite for improving oil quality by reducing FFA and acid value while maintaining optimal moisture content, offering a novel and effective alternative to unmodified bentonite in oil refining.

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