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Hubungan Antara Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Tentang Katarak Diabetika Penderita Diabetes Mellitus dengan Kejadian Katarak di Puskesmas Gunung Pati Semarang Dhaniswara, Andhika Adristia; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Pramono, Dodik; Nugraheni, Arwinda
Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas Vol 9, No 2 : Agustus 2024
Publisher : Master of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jekk.v9i2.16396

Background: Cataract is a degenerative disease that causes second highest visual impairment and the highest cause of blindness in the world which is multifactorial. The behavior and knowledge of people with diabetes mellitus in controlling their disease is important considering that diabetes mellitus is one of the significant factors causing cataracts especially if not treated properly.Methods: This research is an observational analytical with cross-sectional approach. The research data was obtained using consecutive sampling from patients with diabetes mellitus who come to the Gunungpati public health center. Research subjects used in this research were 53 patients who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data then analyzed using Chi-square test.Result: There is a significant relationship between the patient’s level of knowledge (p=0,004;OR=5,56;CI=1,67-17,54) and behavior (p=0,04;OR=3,19;CI=1,04-9,80) on the incidence of cataracts.Conclusion : There is a significant relationship between level of knowledge and behavior of people with diabetes mellitus regarding diabetic cataracts on the incidence of cataracts.

Perbedaan Skor OSDI Pre dan Post Senam "PERMATA-KU" pada Computer Vision Syndrome Uyun, Fuadah; Rahmi, Fifin Luthfia; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Julianti, Hari Peni
Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021): Med Hosp
Publisher : RSUP Dr. Kariadi

ABSTRACT DIFFERENCE OF OSDI SCORE BEFORE AND AFTER ‘SENAM PERMATA-KU’ IN COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME Background: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a group of symptoms that affects the eye and vision due to prolonged use of computer, cellphone, tablet, and e-reader. Dry eye is one of the symptoms that appear in CVS. In this study we did ‘senam PERMATA-KU’ (Pelihara Mata–Kendorkan Bahu) as additional exercise to reduce dry eye in CVS. Aim: Observe there is any improvement of OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) score before and after doing “senam PERMATA-KU” in CVS. Methods: This was a Pre-Post with Control Design quasi experimental study. The subjects were students of Faculty of Medicine of Diponegoro University who had CVS and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria that were divided randomly into control group and experimental group. The experimental group were given an education about using computer ergonomically and ‘senam PERMATA-KU’ for 14 days. The control group were given an education about using computer ergonomically. OSDI score were measured before and after intervention was given using Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Result: The subjects were 32 students with 16 students in the experimental group and 16 students in the control group. One student in the control group and one student in the experimental group dropped out because they could not complete the procedure so that only 30 subjects were analyzed. OSDI score after intervention in experimental group was decreased significantly (p<0.05). OSDI score after intervention in experimental group was better compared to control group (p<0.05). OSDI score improvement in experimental group was higher compared to control group but statistically is not significant (p=0.595). Conclusion: ‘senam PERMATA-KU’ that was done for 14 days can improve OSDI score in Computer Vision Syndrome. Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), dry eye, ‘senam PERMATA-KU’

INCIDENT OF DRY EYE IN FK UNDIP STUDENTS USING SMARTPHONES Purnomo, Adella Setyo; Wildan, Arief; Rahmi, Fifin Luthfia; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 13, No 1 (2024): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v13i1.41988

Background: Smartphone use is increasing over time and often causes Dry Eye Syndrome (DES). Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by loss of homeostasis and causes various ocular symptoms. The Schirmer test is a measurement of the tears quantity to diagnose DES. Objective: To determine the effect of smartphone use on the results of Schirmer test measurements. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects consisted of 36 students selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria using consecutive sampling. The experimental group (n=18) used a smartphone for 2 hours by watching the video (film), while the control group (n=18) did not use the smartphone. Schirmer tests were carried out before and after observation for 5 minutes using Schirmer paper strips. Statistical tests used the Shapiro-Wilk test with a meaning value of p ≥ 0,05, Chi-square test, Paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann-Whitney test with a meaning value of p < 0,05. Results: There was a significant decrease in the Schirmer test results (p = 0,020) by 1,334 ± 0,8937 mm in the experimental group and a non-significant increase (p = 0,582) in the control group by 0,362 ± 0,4086 mm. There was a significant difference in the decrease of Schirmer test results between the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0,048). Conclusion: The use of smartphones influences the decrease in Schirmer test measurement results.

Correlation between Axial Length and The Occurrence of Refractive Errors Ryan, Kevin Arfa; Maharani, Maharani; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Prihatningtias, Riski
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 13, No 2 (2024): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v13i2.41855

Background: Refractive errors result in difficulty in focusing on an object clearly, leading to blurred vision. A recent study by the WHO has reported that refractive errors have become the leading cause of visual impairment. The development of refractive errors has been a significant concern over the last two decades due to its high prevalence worldwide. One possible condition that may occur in individuals with refractive errors is a change in axial length. Axial length is defined as a measurement from the corneal surface to the retinal surface. Aims: To analyze the correlation between axial length and the occurrence of refractive errors in myopia and hypermetropia patients at the Ophthalmology Department of Diponegoro National Hospital. Methods: This observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 36 eyes from 18 patients; each suffering from myopia and hypermetropia at the Ophthalmology Department of Diponegoro National Hospital. Patients provided informed consent, and then the axial length was measured using ultrasound biometry. Data analysis was performed using univariate analysis and Spearman correlation bivariate analysis. Results: The results of the Spearman statistical test showed a significant correlation between the axial length and the occurrence of myopia (p=0.003) with a moderate correlation strength and the occurrence of hypermetropia (p=0.000001) with a strong correlation strength. Conclusion: The axial length has a significant correlation with the occurrence of refractive errors, especially in myopia and hypermetropia patients.

The Difference of Risk Factors Between Mild and Moderate-Severe Refractive Errors in Pediatric Patients at the Diponegoro National Hospital Fitriani, Rizky; Nugroho, Trilaksana; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari
Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal) Vol 12, No 6 (2023): JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO (DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dmj.v12i6.40851

Background: Refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The incidence of refractive errors in children in Indonesia and in the world is quite high. The incidence of refractive errors can be triggered by several risk factors, including genetics, age, gender, close-range activities, use of electronic devices, and outdoor activities. Objective: Knowing the difference in risk factors between mild and moderatesevere refractive errors in pediatric patients at the Diponegoro National Hospital.Methods: This type of research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. Data were taken using a consecutive sampling technique from questionnaires and medical records of pediatric patients in the 2018-2021 period. The research subjects were 57 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-Square and Mann Whitney analysis. Results: The research subjects were dominated by the age of 16-18 years (63.2%), female gender (68.4%), types of myopia disorders (57.9%), and mild degrees (66.7%). The results of the Chi-Square analysis showed that there was a significant difference in reading distance (p=0.000), reading position (p=0.035), duration of use of electronic devices (p=0.031), and duration of outdoor activities (p=0.042) between mild and moderatesevere degrees. Conclusion: There are significant differences in reading distance, reading position, duration of use of electronic devices, and duration of outdoor activities between mild and moderate-severe refractive errors in pediatric patients at the Diponegoro National Hospital.

Screening of Refractive Disorders and Eye Health Awareness: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Elementary School Children in Semarang Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Nugroho, Trilaksana; Rahmi, Fifin Luthfia; Dharma, Andhika Guna
Diponegoro International Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/dimj.v6i1.23477

Introduction: Refractive disorders are the leading cause of visual impairment. Uncorrected refractive errors in children can significantly impact their development, especially regarding education and psychosocial growth.Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of refractive disorders and to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to eye health among elementary school children at SemarangMethodology: This is a descriptive study involving 200 students from SDN Wonotingal Semarang as the sample. The study included eye examinations to identify refractive disorders in students and a questionnaire to collect data on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding eye health. Data were collected through school-based eye screening and were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26.Results: The prevalence of refractive disorders among children at SDN Wonotingal Semarang was 14%, with Astigmatism Myopia Compositus being the most common type of refractive disorder at 67.9%. Among the 28 children with refractive disorders, the majority were 11 years old (75%). Refractive disorders were more prevalent in females (64.29%) than males (35.71%). The questionnaire data revealed that a large number of children had poor knowledge about eye health (97.9%). However, most children exhibited good attitudes (79.5%) and behaviors (66.0%) regarding eye health.Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive disorders among children at SDN Wonotingal Semarang is 14%, with Astigmatism Myopia Compositus being the most common type. A significant number of children still have poor knowledge about eye health.

SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF STRABISMUS CORRECTION IN LARGE ANGLE EXOTROPIA Sadida, Rahmah; Ekowati, Liana; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 49 No S1 (2023): Supplement Edition
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/xgn66x65

Introduction and Objective: Surgery is one of the treatment options for strabismus. The success rates of surgical interventions, as reported in a number of different studies, vary widely. There is no database of surgical outcome in large angle exotropia patient undergoing surgery in Semarang, Central Java. This study aims to evaluate the surgical outcome of strabismus correction in large angle exotropia in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study held from the medical record of patients with diagnosis large angle (>50?) exotropia undergoing strabismus correction surgery from January 2020-December 2022 in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. The clinical characteristics: sex, age, angle of exodeviation, amblyopia condition, sensory deprivation, and postoperative alignment were obtained. Surgical outcome measured with follow up of angle deviation in one month dan three months follow up after surgery. Result: Totally 59 large angle exotropia patients were obtained with 31 (53%) were woman and 28 (47%) were man, range aged 1 year to 53 years old had preoperative angle of exodeviation 51->85 ?, 6 (10%) had amblyopia, 11(18.6%) had sensory deprivation. By the 3 months post-operative visit, 100% of all patients reported orthophoria. Conclusion: This study found the outcome of strabismus correction for large angle exotropia is satisfactory. Two- or three-muscle surgery provides an effective means for treatment of large angle exotropia. Keywords: large angle exotropia, exodeviation, strabismus

Inhibition of Caspase-3 Provides Neuroprotection for Retina Ganglion Cells againts NMDA-induced Exitotoxicity in Wistar Rats: Oral Presentation - Observational Study - Resident Widyarini, Andriati Nadhilah; Maharani; Rahmi, Fifin L; Nugroho, Trilaksana; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Istiadi, Hermawan
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 49 No S2 (2023): Supplement Edition
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/fs7v9v35

Introduction & ObjectivesGlaucoma is a disorder characterized by the presence of optic neuropathy. Visual impairment inglaucoma is caused by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-mediated excitotoxicity. Excitotoxicity causes an increase in calcium in cells as well asactivation of caspase-3. Glaucoma therapy is currently given to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP),but the damage is still progressing progressively. Hesperidin is known as a neuroprotector that cansuppress calpain overactivation in NMDA-treated retina, thereby reducing the upregulation of TNF-,an inflammatory cytokine, inhibiting calpain activation by suppressing oxidative stress, andattenuating caspase-3 activation. The aim of this study to proving the effect of oral Hesperidin on theexpression of caspase-3 Retinal Ganglion Cell in Wistar rats model of NMDA-induced glaucoma. MethodsExperimental research with post test design only randomized control trial Wistar rats with NMDAinduction were divided into 2 treatment and control groups. The treatment group was given oralHesperidin at a dose of 100mg/kg/day while the control group was given Na-CMC 182 mg/kg/day for3 weeks. Retinal caspase-3 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Data werecollected and processed and then the Mann- Whitney test was performed. (significant p<0.05) ResultsThe mean percentage and intensity of RGC caspase-3 expression in the treatment group were 4.29 ±0.49 it was significantly lower than the control group 6.29 ± 0.95 (p value = 0.003). ConclusionHesperidin provides neuroprotection for RGC againts NMDA- induced exitotoxicity by inhibition ofcaspase-3.

Effect of Vitamin D3 on Caspase-3 Expression of Retinal Ganglion Cell Wistar Rats with N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-induced Model of Glaucoma Mahanani, Seia; Maharani; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari; Winarto; Dharma, Andhika Guna; Hermawan
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 49 No S2 (2023): Supplement Edition
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/4zctdm27

Introduction & ObjectivesIntroduction: Vitamin D is a neuroprotective neurosteroid hormone with antioxidant, antiinflammatoryand anti-ischemic properties that can reduce the entry of intracellular calcium,thereby reducing cytochrome-c, modulating inflammation, increasing Nitric Oxide production bysuppressing oxidative stress and activating caspase-3 activation. Excitotoxicity due to N-Methyl-DAspartatecauses caspase-3 activation due to increased calcium in cells and describes thepathogenesis of vascular factor glaucoma due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in the absenceof an increase in intraocular pressure. RGC damage can be assessed by the expression of caspase-3which is a proapoptotic agent that acts as the main effector caspase in the mechanism of apoptosis.Objective: Proving the effect of vitamin D3 on caspase-3 expression of retinal ganglion cells wistarrats in NMDA-induced glaucoma models. MethodsAn experimental study, using post-test only randomized controlled group design, was done on 14male NMDA-induced glaucoma wistar rats, divided into 2 groups. The treatment group was givenoral vitamin D3 500 IU/kgBW every 24 hours for 10 weeks, while the control group was givenaquadest. Immunohistochemistry was used to measured caspase-3 expression. Mann-Whitneyanalized non-parametric difference test (Significant p<0.05). ResultsCaspase-3 expression of retinal ganglion cell was significantly lower (p=0.004) in treatment group(mean=5,29 ± 0,76) compared to control group (mean=6,71 ± 0,49). ConclusionOral vitamin D3 has an effect on caspase-3 expression of retinal ganglion cells wistar rats in NMDAinducedglaucoma models. Further research is needed to investigate the protective role of vitaminD3 on glaucoma patients.

SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF STRABISMUS CORRECTION IN LARGE ANGLE EXOTROPIA Sadida, Rahmah; Ekowati, Liana; Saubig, Arnila Novitasari
Majalah Oftalmologi Indonesia Vol 49 No S2 (2023): Supplement Edition
Publisher : The Indonesian Ophthalmologists Association (IOA, Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia (Perdami))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35749/j47xb287

Introduction & ObjectivesSurgery is one of the treatment options for strabismus. The success rates of surgical interventions,as reported in a number of different studies, vary widely. There is no database of surgical outcomein large angle exotropia patient undergoing surgery in Semarang, Central Java. This study aims toevaluate the surgical outcome of strabismus correction in large angle exotropia in Dr. KariadiGeneral Hospital. MethodsA retrospective study held from the medical record of patients with diagnosis large angle (>50?)exotropia undergoing strabismus correction surgery from January 2020-December 2022 in Dr.Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. The clinical characteristics: sex, age, angle of exodeviation,amblyopia condition, sensory deprivation, and postoperative alignment were obtained. Surgicaloutcome measured with follow up of angle deviation in one month dan three months follow up aftersurgery. ResultsTotally 59 large angle exotropia patients were obtained with 31 (53%) were woman and 28 (47%)were man, range aged 1 year to 53 years old had preoperative angle of exodeviation 51->85 ?, 6(10%) had amblyopia, 11(18.6%) had sensory deprivation. By the 3 months post-operative visit,100% of all patients reported orthophoria. ConclusionThis study found the outcome of strabismus correction for large angle exotropia is satisfactory. Twoor three-muscle surgery provides an effective means for treatment of large angle exotropia.

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