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Dynamic and Stability Assessment of an Automatic Voltage Regulator Based on Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis Wiryajati, I Ketut; Supriyatna
DIELEKTRIKA Vol 13 No 1` (2026): DIELEKTRKA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/dielektrika.v13i1`.446

Abstract

This study presents a dynamic and stability analysis of an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system for a synchronous generator using time-domain and frequency-domain approaches. The system is modelled as a series of first-order linear subsystems consisting of an amplifier, exciter, generator, and feedback sensor, resulting in a fourth-order closed-loop system. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare the performance of the AVR without a controller and with a PID controller. Time-domain analysis indicates that the uncontrolled system exhibits a rise time of 0.339 s, an overshoot of 57.937%, and a damping ratio of approximately 0.17, indicating a heavily underdamped response. After implementing the PID controller, the rise time decreases to 0.295 s and the overshoot is significantly reduced to 14.368%, with the damping ratio increasing to approximately 0.53. Frequency-domain analysis using Bode diagrams shows an improvement in phase margin from less than 20° to more than 40°, and gain margin from below 6 dB to above 10 dB. The dominant pole shifts from approximately Re(s) ≈ −0.2 to Re(s) ≈ −1.0 in the complex plane, confirming enhanced relative stability and faster transient decay. Overall, the results demonstrate that the PID controller significantly improves stability, response speed, and damping performance, making it suitable for voltage regulation in power system applications
Co-Authors Agung Budi Muljono Agustina, Rachma Bagus Widhi Dharma S Dian Ardiansyah Fitri Julianti Harjian, Muhammad Rivaldi Humairoh Saidah I Ketut Wiryajati I Made Ginarsa Ida Ayu Sri Adnyani Latif , Abdul Natsir, Abdul Niasari, Fitri Perdana, I Ketut Putra, I Ketut Perdana Putra, R. Reski Eka Ramdhani, Zainul Hadi rosihan adi wijaya Seniari, Ni Made Siti Marlina, Siti sultan Supriyatna, Ahmad Surtika Ayumida Surtika Ayumida Tawaqqal, Akbar urif sukma, lalu deni