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Journal : International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Statistical analysis for chemical compound based on several species of aquilaria essential oil Ahmad Sabri, Noor Aida Syakira; Nik Kamaruzaman, Nik Fasha Edora; Ismail, Nurlaila; Yusoff, Zakiah Mohd; Almisreb, Ali Abd; Tajuddin, Saiful Nizam; Taib, Mohd Nasir
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i4.pp3663-3673

Abstract

The paper examines the characterization of Aquilaria essential oils from different species, namely Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria beccariana, Aquilaria crassna, and Aquilaria subintegra, renowned for agarwood production in Malaysia. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) were employed for extracting essential oil data, facilitating compound identification. Subsequently, a preliminary analysis focused on classifying significant chemical compounds in the samples. The study then utilized boxplot pre-processing for visualizing and interpreting data distribution. The statistical analyses were performed using MATLAB software version R2021b, considering two key parameters which are the peak area (%) of significant chemical compounds and the classification of Aquilaria species (A. beccariana, A. malaccensis, A. crassna, and A. subintegra) based on their chemical composition. The results, presented through boxplot analyses, demonstrated a clear representation of the parameters and their distribution in the data. This method not only confirmed the potential of boxplot analysis in statistical evaluation of significant compounds in Aquilaria essential oil but also suggested its applicability for further classification work.
Agarwood oil quality identification using artificial neural network modelling for five grades Mohd Huzir, Siti Mariatul Hazwa; Tajuddin, Saiful Nizam; Mohd Yusoff, Zakiah; Ismail, Nurlaila; Almisreb, Ali Abd; Taib, Mohd Nasir
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 2: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp2254-2261

Abstract

Agarwood (Aquilaria Malaccensis) oil stands out as one of the most valuable and highly sought-after oils with a hefty price tag due to its widespread use of fragrances, incense, perfumes, ceremonial practices, medicinal applications and as a symbol of luxury. However, nowadays the conventional method that rely on color alone has its limitations as it yields varying results depending on individual panelists' experiences. Hence, the quality identification system of Agarwood oil using its chemical compounds had been proposed in this study to enhance the precision of the Agarwood oil grades thus addressing the shortcomings of traditional methods. This study indicates that the primary chemical compounds of Agarwood oil encompass ɤ-Eudesmol, ar-curcumene, β-dihydroagarofuran, ϒ-cadinene, α-agarofuran, allo-aromadendrene epoxide, valerianol, α-guaiene, 10-epi-ɤ-eudesmol, β-agarofuran and dihydrocollumellarin. This study employed artificial neural network analysis with the implementation of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to identify the Agarwood oil grades. The study's findings revealed that this modeling system of five grades got 100% accuracies with mean square error of 0.14338×10-08. Notably, this lowest mean square error (MSE) value falls within the best hidden neuron 3. These study outcomes play a pivotal role in highlighting the Levenberg Marquardt- artificial neural network (LM-ANN) modeling that contribute to the successful of Agarwood oil quality identification using its chemical compounds.
Artificial neural networks classification of s-band absorption performance in eco-friendly microwave absorbers Ahmad, Azizah; Taib, Mohd Nasir; Abdullah, Hasnain; Ismail, Nurlaila; Yassin, Ahmad Ihsan Mohd; Mohd Kasim, Linda; Mohamad Noor, Norhayati
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 1: February 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i1.pp1007-1014

Abstract

Microwave absorbers are essential for applications such as radar stealth and electromagnetic compatibility. Nevertheless, traditional materials encounter obstacles related to cost and sustainability, which has led to the exploration of new options such as materials derived from agricultural waste. This study focuses on the classification challenge of evaluating the absorption performance of eco-friendly microwave absorbers in the S-band (2 to 4 GHz) frequency. Three multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithms, namely levenberg marquardt (LM), resilient backpropagation (RBP) and scale conjugate gradient (SCG) are assessed for classification accuracy. The dataset consists of 135 absorption performance values of microwave absorbers that were taken from experimental measurements using the naval research laboratory (NRL) arch free. The MLP algorithms will be divided into three divisions, which are training, validation and testing, evaluating important criteria such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity. The performance of three types of algorithms will be compared using two basic inputs: the absorption values and the single slot sizes. The RBP algorithm achieved 100% accuracy, and a lower mean squared error (MSE) of 0.02500 compared to the LM and SCG. This study provides valuable insights for designing better microwave absorbers and highlights the commercial potential of agricultural waste materials in such applications.
A ten-year retrospective (2014-2024): Bibliometric insights into the study of internet of things in engineering education Yusoff, Zakiah Mohd; Nordin, Siti Aminah; Othman, Norhalida; Bakar, Zahari Abu; Ismail, Nurlaila
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp4213-4226

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive ten-year retrospective analysis (2014-2024) of the evolving landscape of internet of things (IoT) studies within engineering education, employing bibliometric insights. The pervasive influence of IoT technologies across diverse domains, including education, underscores the significance of examining its trajectory in engineering education research over the past decade. Recognizing the dynamic nature of this intersection is crucial for educators, researchers, and policymakers to adapt educational strategies to IoT-induced technological shifts. Addressing this imperative, the study conducts a detailed bibliometric review to identify gaps, trends, and areas necessitating further exploration. Methodologically, the study follows a framework involving a comprehensive search of Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify relevant articles. Selected articles undergo bibliometric analysis using the Biblioshiny tool, supplemented by manual verification and additional analysis in Excel. This approach facilitates robust evaluation of citation patterns, co-authorship networks, keyword trends, and publication patterns over the specified timeframe. Anticipated outcomes include the identification of seminal works, key contributors, influential journals, and science mapping. The study aims to unveil emerging themes, track research trends, and provide insights into collaborative networks shaping IoT discourse in engineering education. This analysis offers a roadmap for future research directions, guiding educators and researchers toward fruitful avenues of exploration.