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All Journal JURNAL MAHKAMAH Substantive Justice International Journal of Law Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus Awang Long Law Review Unes Law Review Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-undangan, Ekonomi Islam Pamulang Law Review Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Notary Journal Sultan Agung Notary Law Review Journal of Social Research Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia Academia Open
Tjempaka, Tjempaka
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Legal Implications for PPAT Employees Serving as Instrumental Witnesses in Title Transfer Agreements Amanda, Rizki; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Agustus 2024
Publisher : Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30996/jhmo.v7i2.10909

Abstract

Employees or instrumental witnesses of PPAT play a crucial role, particularly in service provision. Not only can Land Deed Officials be defendants, but employees or instrumental witnesses may also become defendants if there is a tort claim due to slow services causing harm to their clients. The presence of instrumental witnesses is vital as it can help maintain the safety of the PPAT's position in the event of contested deeds. The purpose of this study is to determine the legal consequences for PPAT employees who act as instrumental witnesses in title transfer agreements. This research employs a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings of this study indicate that if an issue arises after the service is provided by the Land Deed Official to the client and involves employees or instrumental witnesses, the Land Deed Official must ensure the safety of their employees. PPAT employees who act as witnesses in title transfer agreements bear significant legal responsibilities, particularly if they are involved in unlawful acts. They may face legal liability under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, which states that any unlawful act causing damage to another obliges the person who committed the act to compensate for the damage.
Legal Review of Wills Based on Civil Law Mahatulus, Rykson Thri; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Journal of Social Research Vol. 2 No. 10 (2023): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v2i10.1464

Abstract

Creating a will, also known as a testament, is a crucial legal process through which an individual shapes the destiny of their assets posthumously. Inheritances frequently give rise to a multitude of legal and social complications, necessitating the implementation of clear-cut regulations in accordance with prevailing legal norms. Wills serve as a vital instrument in averting conflicts among heirs, enabling the fulfillment of the deceased's final wishes. This process allows for a structured distribution of assets, thereby minimizing disputes and familial discord. However, the formulation of a will is subject to specific limitations and constraints, mandating adherence to relevant statutory provisions. These constraints may include requirements for witnesses, mental capacity assessments, and the legal age at which one can create a will. Discrepancies between legal statutes and societal customs regarding wills cast doubt on the continued suitability of existing regulations within the evolving legal landscape. Therefore, delving into the regulation of wills as stipulated in the Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata) is imperative to gain insight into the contemporary legal framework governing this matter in Indonesia. Thorough research into these legal provisions will shed light on their applicability and efficacy, aiding in the development of a more relevant and coherent legal framework for wills in Indonesian society. Such an updated framework would serve to better protect the rights and interests of individuals, ensuring that their final wishes are carried out smoothly and justly, while also reducing the potential for legal disputes and societal conflicts.
PENERAPAN BUY BACK GUARANTEE DALAM AKTA PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI YANG DIBUAT OLEH NOTARIS Tutuarima, Janesia; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
UNES Law Review Vol. 5 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v5i4.643

Abstract

The binding sale and purchase agreement made before a notary is one of the authentic proofs in the form of a preliminary agreement on the sale and purchase of land rights which will then be made a sale and purchase deed before the land deed making official. The problem examined in this study is regarding the application of buy back guarantees in the deed of binding sale and purchase agreement made by a notary. The type of research used is legal research. The research method is a statutory approach originating from data collection obtained from secondary data, then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The results of this study ultimately provide an answer that the repurchase rights that exist in the PPJB are disputed because they are often considered to be in the form of debt agreements, for that the Notary must really pay attention to the needs/interests of the parties because the legal power of the PPJB as authentic evidence in the transfer of rights is very strong, because the deed is a notarized deed that is an authentic deed. The author's suggestion from this study is that it is better for the right to repurchase in binding sales and purchases to be further regulated in laws and regulations, especially those related to land issues, so that parties who use binding sales and purchases as a preliminary agreement in buying and selling land rights are better protected.
Pembagian Waris Anak Angkat dalam Hukum Adat Bali dan Implementasinya dalam Hukum Nasional (Putusan Pengadilan 204/K/Pdt/2021) Arhamnee Sitti Aulia; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.1827

Abstract

Terdapat beberapa aturan yang berlaku di Indonesia mengenai pengangkatan anak, diantaranya adalah hukum nasional Indonesia, hukum Islam, dan hukum adat. Pada hukum adat Bali, anak yang diangkat melalui upacara widi widana memiliki kedudukan yang sama dengan anak kandung, anak angkat tersebut berhak mendapatkan warisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Hukum Empiris, metode Hukum Empris merupakan suatu metode penilitian hukum yang menggunakan fakta-fakta empiris yang diambil dari perilaku manusia, baik perilaku verbal yang didapat dari wawancara maupun perilaku nyata yang dilakukan melalui pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat anak yang kehilangan haknya untuk mendapatkan warisan diantaranya adalah anak yang ninggal kedaton sehingga meninggalkan tanggung jawab karena kawin ke luar, diangkat anak, dianggap durhaka dan dipecat kedudukannya sebagai anak oleh orang tuanya (pegat mapianak), sengaja meninggalkan tanggung jawab keluarga dan masyarakat (ngutang kawitan) tanpa diketahui alamatnya (ngumbang), dan pindah agama.
Kepastian Perlindungan Hukum Pasca Perkawinan Terhadap Pihak Ketiga Perihal Perjanjian Perkawinan Putra, Tutus Chariesma; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2059

Abstract

Perjanjian perkawinan memegang peranan penting dalam mengatur pembagian harta bersama antara suami dan istri jika terjadi perceraian atau kematian, sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015 memperluas cakupan perjanjian perkawinan, yaitu dibuat saat masih dalam ikatan perkawinan, dengan tujuan untuk melindungi hak-hak suami istri dan menghindari kerugian bagi pihak ketiga. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pustaka yang dilakukan dengan cara membaca buku-buku, naskah, dokumen, jurnal, dan sumber-sumber terkait lainnya. Dalam menganalisis perjanjian perkawinan pasca putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan historis. Analisis diawali dengan menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai landasan utama, dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristiknya yang komprehensif dan sistematis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami secara mendalam makna hukum perjanjian perkawinan dari perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif di Indonesia, serta untuk mengkaji perlindungan hukum bagi pihak ketiga akibat adanya perjanjian pasca perkawinan. Perkawinan sebagai ikatan lahir batin antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita merupakan landasan untuk membentuk keluarga bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Namun, menghadapi dinamika kompleksitas perkawinan dan kemungkinan perubahan di masa mendatang, pasangan suami istri membutuhkan kepastian yang jelas mengenai hak dan kewajibannya. Dalam konteks ini, perjanjian perkawinan menjadi instrumen yang menjamin kejelasan dan perlindungan hukum bagi pasangan suami istri, memastikan adanya aturan yang jelas tentang bagaimana aset dan kewajiban akan diatur dalam berbagai situasi. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat membantu pasangan suami istri untuk membuat perjanjian perkawinan di hadapan notaris dengan mempertimbangkan keterlibatan pihak ketiga dalam pemisahan harta bersama sebagaimana tercantum dalam akta perjanjian perkawinan.
LEGAL IMPLEMENTATION OF A DEED OF TESTAMENTARY GRANT IN CASES WHERE THE BENEFICIARY IS AN UNREGISTERED LEGAL ENTITY Rositasari, Noviarasta Dewi; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i1.1730

Abstract

The Aim of this research is to identify the essential aspects that must be verified by a notary in the process of drafting a deed of testamentary gift, to ensure that an individual or legal entity meets the criteria as a beneficiary under the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code. Furthermore, the research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the notary's responsibilities in carrying out duties related to testamentary deeds. The research method employed in this study is a normative juridical approach combined with empirical data, utilizing a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, and a case-based approach. The Novelty of this research lies in the confirmation that, under inheritance law, a legal entity may indeed be designated as a beneficiary of a will. However, in its implementation, certain documentation and clear legal status of the legal entity are required, as stipulated in the Indonesian Civil Code. The findings of this study, referring to the case concerning the deed of testamentary gift in Decision No. 52/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Bgr, indicate that the beneficiary of the will, a foundation, had been established and possessed Articles of Association but had not yet been officially approved by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. As a result, the legal certainty regarding the foundation’s existence was brought into question. Consequently, the notary may be held administratively and civilly liable if their actions are deemed to fulfill the elements of an unlawful act as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. This research is conducted with the expectation that in the future that The notary must exercise greater diligence in drafting testamentary deeds and must fulfill all obligations related to their preparation as stipulated by law. This ensures that the testamentary deed created by the notary provides legal certainty and does not cause harm to any party.
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN CUSTODY DISPUTES AWARDING GUARDIANSHIP TO GRANDPARENTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD Anggraini, Ratu Mutiara; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Awang Long Law Review Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Awang Long Law Review
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/awl.v8i1.1884

Abstract

The protection of children’s rights constitutes a fundamental legal and social concern because it directly affects children’s future, welfare, and development as vulnerable legal subjects; in custody disputes, the judiciary plays a pivotal role in ensuring that the best interests of the child remain the paramount consideration. Although the international framework, notably the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and national regulations affirm this principle, judicial practice reveals implementation complexities shaped by social, psychological, and economic factors. This study aims to analyze the application of the best interest of the child principle in custody dispute rulings (case study: Decision No. 167/Pdt.G/2021/PN Plk) and its implications for child protection. The research employs a normative-empirical juridical method through statutory and doctrinal review combined with case law analysis as empirical evidence. The findings indicate that judges tend to prioritize the child’s holistic welfare by weighing factual evidence concerning caregivers’ financial capacity, emotional stability, and any conduct endangering the child; in the examined case, custody was transferred to the grandparents due to substantiated concerns about the biological parent’s fitness. Moreover, the study reveals procedural shortcomings such as the sporadic use of systematic child-psychological expert testimony and weak post-decision monitoring mechanisms that leave residual risks to children’s rights. The research further highlights the need to harmonize international norms with domestic practice, to incorporate standardized psychosocial assessment tools into adjudicative processes, and to establish regular oversight of enforcement. Consequently, judicial decisions grounded in the best-interest principle must be supported by multidisciplinary procedures and enforceable follow-up measures to ensure effective protection of children’s rights.
Civil and Administrative Responsibility of PPAT for Sale and Purchase Deeds of Joint Property Made Without the Consent of the Spouse: Analysis of Decision Number 909 PK/PDT/2020 David Efratha Lambe; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia (JIM-ID) Vol. 4 No. 12 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisplin Indonesia (JIM-ID), December 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The existence of joint property in a marriage has the legal consequence that any transfer of rights to it must obtain the consent of both spouses. However, in land practice, it is still found that Deeds of Sale and Purchase (AJB) are made by Land Deed Officials (PPAT) without ensuring such consent, thus creating legal uncertainty and opening up the potential for disputes. This situation emphasizes the importance of examining the role and responsibilities of PPATs as public officials who are obliged to guarantee the formal and material validity of every deed they make. Based on this context, this study examines the civil liability of PPATs for the creation of AJBs of joint property without the consent of the spouse by analyzing Decision Number 909 PK/Pdt/2020. This study uses a normative juridical method through a statutory regulatory approach and a case approach. The results of the study indicate that the sale and purchase of land that constitutes joint property without the consent of the spouse is invalid and can be canceled or nullified by law because it does not meet the subjective requirements of the agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code and is contrary to the provisions of marriage law. PPATs can be held civilly liable if their negligence in verifying marital status and the validity of documents causes harm to the parties. Decision Number 909 PK/Pdt/2020 confirms that a Deed of Sale and Purchase (AJB) made without the consent of a spouse can be revoked, resulting in legal consequences for the Land Deed Official (PPAT), the seller, and the buyer. However, buyers who have acted in good faith are still entitled to legal protection in accordance with Supreme Court jurisprudence. This study recommends that Land Deed Officials (PPAT) increase their vigilance by checking marital status, verifying documents, and requesting written consent from their spouse in every joint property transaction. The government needs to clarify technical guidelines, strengthen oversight, and provide competency training for Land Deed Officials (PPAT).
Judicial Rescission of a Preliminary Sales Agreement Due to Abuse of Circumstances: Pembatalan Secara Yudisial terhadap Perjanjian Pendahuluan Jual Beli karena Penyalahgunaan Keadaan Aripin, Clarissa; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13985

Abstract

General Background: The Sale and Purchase Binding Agreement (PPJB) as a notarial authentic deed serves as a legal instrument to facilitate land transactions and ensure legal certainty in civil law practice. Specific Background: In practice, PPJB may not always reflect a balanced agreement, particularly when one party experiences inequality of position, leading to misbruik van omstandigheden or abuse of circumstances. Knowledge Gap: Despite formal validity, there remains limited analysis of judicial reasoning in assessing defects of consent within PPJB and the resulting legal consequences in Indonesian court decisions. Aims: This study analyzes the judge’s legal considerations in annulling a notarial PPJB due to abuse of circumstances and examines the legal consequences of such annulment in Decision Number 234/Pdt.G/2020/PN Mtr. Results: The findings indicate that the annulment is based on a defect of consent arising from unequal bargaining positions, where the agreement did not reflect a freely formed will as required under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Consequently, the PPJB is categorized as a voidable agreement (vernietigbaar), resulting in the loss of binding legal force after the court decision and restoring the parties to their original position. Novelty: This study highlights the judicial application of misbruik van omstandigheden as a doctrinal basis for evaluating substantive justice beyond formal legality in notarial deeds. Implications: The findings emphasize the need for notarial prudence and consistent judicial application of abuse of circumstances doctrine to ensure legal protection for weaker parties in contractual relations. Highlights: Court reasoning confirms imbalance of bargaining positions as basis for contract invalidation. Agreement classification as vernietigbaar leads to loss of legal enforceability after judgment. Legal status of parties is restored to pre-contractual condition following annulment. Keywords: PPJB Annulment, Misbruik Van Omstandigheden, Notarial Deed, Defect of Consent, Indonesian Civil Law
Analysis of Unlawful Acts in Repeated Land Sales: Collaboration of Hamlet Head and Notary Negligence Dirgantara, Mahardika; Tjempaka, Tjempaka
Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-Undangan dan Ekonomi Islam Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): Jurisprudensi: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Perundang-Undangan dan Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAIN Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/jurisprudensi.v18i1.14537

Abstract

Ideally, the transfer of land rights must be conducted before a Notary based on accurate data, with the Village Head providing factual information on land status. Their collaboration should ideally strengthen legal certainty. However, in reality, the practice of double sale of land (dubbel verkoop) remains prevalent due to collaboration between Village Heads who provide false statements and Notaries who neglect their verification duties. This study aims to analyze the construction of tort liability under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The research employs a normative legal method with a case study approach. The findings reveal that the collaboration between Village Heads and Notaries fulfills all elements of unlawful acts. Victims are entitled to legal certainty through the annulment of defective deeds as well as compensation for material and immaterial losses. Village Heads may be subject to Article 263 of the Criminal Code and Notaries to Article 264 of the Criminal Code.
Co-Authors Al Hadid, Andi Pangerang Amanda, Rizki Anggraini, Ratu Mutiara Apriliani Arhamnee Sitti Aulia Aripin, Clarissa Christy , Stephanie Christy, Florentina Christy, Stephanie David Efratha Lambe Dirgantara, Mahardika Fandi Arwan, Muhammad Eka Gultom, Nurhayati Gunawan, Novia Hardiyansyah, Tendri Hussy, Maharani Millenia Icha Choerunnisa Iin Selvina Irene Irene Khairun Nisa, Raden Roro Salma Almira Mahatulus, Rykson Thri Nurfaiqah, Andi Dimah Laila Nur’aini, Tiya Putri, Catherina Amanda Rositasari, Noviarasta Dewi Siahaan, Hotma Elisa Irene Tutuarima, Janesia Tutus Chariesma Putra Winarsih Winarsih