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All Journal Medula Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan JK Unila (Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Lampung)
Rengganis Wardani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Journal : Medula

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Article Review: Faktor Risiko dan Klasifikasi Retinopati Diabetik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dalillah, Fathian Nur; Yusran, Muhammad; Kurniati, Intanri; Rengganis Wardani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar
Medula Vol 14 No 2 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i2.958

Abstract

Diabetik retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision loss. This condition can result in vision impairment and even blindness if not promptly and accurately managed. Risk factors that can increase the likelihood of someone experiencing diabetik retinopathy include age, gender, poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, pregnancy, and smoking. Several of these risk factors can lead to diabetik retinopathy through various mechanisms, such as increased oxidative stress, elevated permeability of retinal blood vessels, formation of hard exudates, and other mechanisms. The classification of diabetik retinopathy is divided into two types: nonproliferative diabetes retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetes retinopathy (PDR). Nonproliferative is further categorized into three severity levels: mild, moderate, and severe, while proliferative is divided into advanced and very advanced stages. The global prevalence of diabetik retinopathy is approximately 34.6%. In Indonesia, the prevalence of diabetes has reached 10.7 million people, making it one of the top 10 countries with the highest diabetes incidence in the world. The province of Lampung also has a significant number of diabetes cases. According to a study, the prevalence of diabetes in Lampung Province is 9.3%. The objective of this article is to enhance comprehension regarding the risk factors impacting the progression of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). This piece will explore the factors that contribute to an increased severity of DR.
Tinjuan Pustaka: Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dan Hormon Androgen dengan Kejadian Dry-Eye Disease Fairuz Hanan, Sifa’Syaharani; Rengganis Wardani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar; Rudiyanto, Waluyo; Himayani, Rani
Medula Vol 14 No 3 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i3.992

Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition on the surface of the eye that occurs due to disruption of tear film homeostasis with manifestations of symptoms such as tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, eye surface damage, and neurosensory abnormalities. DED can occur due to decreased eye fluid production or increased tear evaporation which is generally caused by meibomian gland dysfunction. The global prevalence of DED ranges from 5-50%, with women having a higher risk than men. The prevalence of dry eye in women (3.2 million) is higher than in men (1.6 million) aged over 50 years. Asian ethnicity is the most consistent risk factor for DED. The female gender factor is a risk in the development of DED with increasing age. The pathophysiological mechanisms of DED can be influenced by differences in endocrine function related to sex, especially androgen, estrogen and other hormones. The meibomian and lacrimal glands are target organs for androgen hormones, and low androgen activity can cause meibomian gland dysfunction and inflammation of the lacrimal glands, contributing to the occurrence of DED. In addition, differences in gene expression affect mucin production by the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as other hormonal involvement can also affect eye health and cause dry eye symptoms. Further understanding of the relationship between gender, hormones, and pathophysiological mechanisms of DED may aid the development of more effective treatment strategies.
Co-Authors Cana, Arla Erit Siktia Dalillah, Fathian Nur Fairuz Hanan, Sifa’Syaharani Intanri Kurniati Muhammad Yusran Rani Himayani Rudiyanto, Waluyo Susianti Susianti