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Journal : Journal of Applied Geology

Origin of the Late Paleozoic metamorphic rocks in East Johor, Peninsular Malaysia Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Shafeea Leman
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 2, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3104.433 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.6674

Abstract

Low grade metamorphic rocks including slate, phyllite, metasandstone with subordinate schist and quartzite are widely distributed in the East Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Regionally, this rock unit is extended northward up to northern Terengganu area. The protolith of this rocks unit were deposited in shallow marine depositional environment that subsequently metamorphosed during Carboniferous time. The very thick argillaceous and arenaceous rocks more than 5000 metres were produced by fast rate accommodation spaces due to global sea level rise during Early to Late Carboniferous against with high fine-grained sediment supply. Tectonic setting, basin formation and sedimentation processes were controlled by rifting of Indochina-East Malaya continental block from Gondwanaland during Devonian to Late Carboniferous. This rifting formed basins within a passive margin tectonic setting along the western margin of Indochina-East Malaya continental block.Keywords: Metamorphic rocks, shallow marine, Carboniferous, passive margin
Geo-disaster Laharic Flow along Putih River, Central Jawa, Indonesia Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Ahmad Yufianto
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 3, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (607.397 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.7186

Abstract

In 2011, laharic flow transporting volcanic materials had significantly occurred along Putih River, causing severe damage in Jumoyo area, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The disaster happened frequently until April 2011. The approximately 150 million cubic meter of volcanic materials expelled from 2010 Merapi eruption has been assumed as main cause of recent laharic flow. Although pyroclastic deposit mostly flew to south and southeastern direction through Woro, Gendol, and Opak Rivers, laharic flow apparently flew to the west – westward directions through Putih and Pabelan Rivers. This study will explain the mechanism of such disaster along Putih River from sedimentological point of view. Transport mechanism of laharic flow along river is strongly controlled by the slope and type of fluids. In the upper stream area, debris flow commonly occurs as gravity flow in the steep slope. To the downstream area, where more river and surface water infiltrates the volcanic material transportation, laharic flow mechanism transforms to hyperconcentrated flow. In the gently slope area, laharic flow decreases in concentration but increase in amount because of the accumulation influx from several river flows. Hyperconcentrated flow in Putih River is mostly generated by accumulation of river flow in the tributary area. In such area, loose volcanic materials are eroded easily by surface water. Rill and gully erosion bring volcanic material into main channel of Putih River, followed by intensive vertical erosion along upper stream that will produce bigger accumulation of volcanic material within laharic flow in the downstream area. Several sabo dams along the Putih River were damaged during early period of laharic flow due to this transportation mechanism. At the downstream of in Gempol Village, Jumoyo Area, the main channel of Putih River is shifting northwestward significantly due to Gendol Hill. On the other hand, river body in this settlement area is narrower compared to the upper stream area just before turning point. Both condition cause laharic flow to spill out from the channel and form an unconfined sheet debris flow with a 500 m width and around 2-4 m thick sediments. Although energy of transport is reduced significantly, but this flow is still able to transport abundant volcanic material ranging from silt to boulder. Traditional market and hundreds of houses were buried and the main road from Yogyakarta to Magelang city has been disconnected for several times due to this disaster. Keywords: Putih River, Laharic flow, Jumoyo
Regional Depositional Model Of South Makassar Basin Depocenter, Makassar Strait, Based On Seismic Facies Rahmadi Hidayat; Salahuddin Husein; Sugeng Sapto Surjono
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 4, No 1 (2012)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5294.118 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.7196

Abstract

South Makassar Basin Depocenter (SMBD) is located in Southern Makassar Strait which has petroleum potential by the presence of oil and gas indications within the area based on Airborne Laser Fluorescence survey. However, detail studies within this area are not developed well. One of the studies which can be utilized for further discoveries of oil and gas field in SMBD is a study of depositional model using seismic facies method to maximize limited seismic and well data. Interpretation of depositional model in Eocene (syn-rift phase) was varied from alluvial plain and alluvial fan complex, continued gradually to platform. In Oligocene time (post-rift phase), massive transgression caused a major deepening in entire SMBD where the depositional environment changed to basinal plain. In early Miocene – recent interval (syn-orogenic phase), SMBD was relatively in stable condition at basinal plain environment. Lower Tanjung Sequence will be the most prolific petroleum play in SMBD due to its adequate source rock, reservoir rock and seal rock as well. Keywords: South Makassar basin, depositional model, seismic facies
THE OCCURRENCE OF PALAEOZOIC CONGLOMERATIC ROCKS IN EAST JOHOR, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Mohd Shafeea Leman; Kamal Roslan Mohamed; Che Aziz Ali
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2238.91 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.7227

Abstract

Conglomeratic rocks in East Johor are found in the separately three formations that are the Murau, Tanjung Leman and Linggiu Formations. The Murau Formation is characterized by cobble to boulder grained breccia with very angular to angular and disorganized clasts. It was deposited by fan-delta system in the sub-aerial to shallow marine environment. The Tanjung Leman Formation consists of pebble to cobble grained conglomerate with rounded to subrounded and organized clasts. It was deposited by braided river system in the sub-aerial environment. Both formations outcropped in eastern coastal of Johor. The rudaceous rocks of the Linggiu Formation consist of pebble to cobble-sized clasts with sub angular and disorganized texture. It present as subordinate rocks within sandstone dominant in the central part of East Johor and was deposited by debris flows in the shallow marine environment. All these rudaceous rocks were interpreted as Palaeozoic in age ranging from Late Carboniferous to Late Permian. Those rudaceous rocks indicated that since Late Carboniferous, palaeogeography of East Johor was a continent with subaerial to shallow marine depositional environment. Keywords: Conglomerate, Palaeozoic, East Johor, subaerial, shallow marine.
DEPOSITIONAL MODEL OF NGRAYONG FORMATION IN MADURA AREA, NORTH EAST JAVA BASIN, INDONESIA Paike Htwe; Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Donatus Hendra Amijaya; Kyuro Sasaki
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (10188.247 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.26947

Abstract

The early Middle Miocene Ngrayong Formation, an important reservoir of North East Java Basin, is well exposed in the central anticlinal part of Madura Island. The purpose of current study is to classify the depositional environments of the study area based on the characteristics and geometry of sedimentary facies. In the Madura island, the thicker clastics and deeper carbonates of Ngimbang Formation and Kujung Formation of Late Oligocene-Early Miocene deposited in the northeast-southwest asymmetrical half grabens. After the deposition of Kujung Formation, the basin morphology developed nearly eastwest trending shelf edge and the deposition of Tuban Formation began. The fine grained complex of Tuban Formation was followed by the Ngrayong Sandstones deposition. The depositional model of Ngrayong Formation is being producing of wide variety of depositional environments. Large scale cross-bedded sandstones and bioturbated massive sandstones with thin to medium bedded argillaceous limestone that outcrop in the northern part of the study area are deposited in costal environment. The heterolithic sandstone with planar and trough cross-lamination, fine grained sandstone with interlaminated structure and bioclastic carbonate exposed in the central part of the study area are deposited in upper shallow marine area. Dark grey siltstones and mudstones deposited in lower shallow marine area are well exposed in southern part of the study area. In conclusion, Ngrayong Formation in Madura area is developed in three depositional units which are coastal, upper shallow marine and lower shallow marine.
Petrophysics Analysis for Reservoir Characterization of Upper Plover Formation in the Field “A”, Bonaparte Basin, Offshore Timor, Maluku, Indonesia Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Indra Arifianto
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 1, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8830.391 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.26959

Abstract

Hydrocarbon potential within Upper Plover Formation in the Field “A” has not been produced due to unclear in understanding of reservoir problem. This formation consists of heterogeneous reservoir rock with their own physical characteristics. Reservoir characterization has been done by applying rock typing (RT) method utilizing wireline logs data to obtain reservoir properties including clay volume, porosity, water saturation, and permeability. Rock types are classified on the basis of porosity and permeability distribution from routines core analysis (RCAL) data. Meanwhile, conventional core data is utilized to depositional environment interpretations. This study also applied neural network methods to rock types analyze for intervals reservoir without core data. The Upper Plover Formation in the study area indicates potential reservoir distributes into 7 parasequences. Their were deposited during transgressive systems in coastal environments (foreshore - offshore) with coarsening upward pattern during Middle to Late Jurassic. The porosity of reservoir ranges from 1–19 % and permeability varies from 0.01 mD to 1300 mD. Based on the facies association and its physical properties from rock typing analysis, the reservoir within Upper Plover Formation can be grouped into 4 reservoir class: Class A (Excellent), Class B (Good), Class C (Poor), and Class D (Very Poor). For further analysis, only class A-C are considered as potential reservoir, and the remain is neglected.
Erosion and its Implication on Hydrocarbon Generation in ‘ARD’ Block, Akimeugah Basin,West Papua Sugeng Sapto Surjono; Yohanes Ardhito Triyogo Varianto; Salahuddin Salahuddin
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 4, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1553.979 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.53204

Abstract

Akimeugah Basin in the western part of Aru Trough is included as a Paleozoic Basin which is one of the potential hydrocarbon-producing basins in Eastern Indonesia. Tectonic evolution in Akimeugah Basin during Cambrian to present has produced a very significant erosion that affected the hydrocarbon generation process. ‘ARD’ Block study uses three exploratory well data including well report and 26 lines of 2D seismic data with a total length of 5,812.55 kilometers and the distance between seismic lines ranging from 10 to 15 kilometers. Seismic data is processed with IHS Kingdom software for tectonostratigraphy analysis, while calculation and erosion analysis are performed by combining well data consisting of sonic, vitrinite reflectance and seismic. To get a burial history model and generation & expulsion period, this study utilizes Petromod software. Five phases of the tectonic evolution led to four times of erosional period with a sediment thickness of 290 – 3,370 feet were loss. The erosion of the sedimentary rocks causes the maturation process delayed more than 200 million years. Burial history in the study area with the erosion absence assumption results a hydrocarbon generation starting from around 210 million years ago. Meanwhile, by considering the loss of eroded sedimentary rocks during four tectonic phases, hydrocarbon generation time just occurred 3.1 million years ago.
Dominant Weathering Profile Assessment of Kebo-Butak Volcanic Rocks in Gedangsari and Ngawen area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Fathan Hanifi Mada Mahendra; I Gde Budi Indrawan; sugeng sapto surjono
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1672.745 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jag.57552

Abstract

The Gedangsari and Ngawen area is predominantly composed of volcanic and volcaniclastic sequencesdistributed east – west direction of the northern parts of Southern Mountain. The massive tectonism as well as tropical climatein this region have been producing weathering profiles in varying thickness which inevitably affects thegeotechnical properties. This study aims to assess the dominant weathering profileof the lower part of Kebo-Butak Formation as well as evaluating the distribution of the discontinuity. In order to know the dominant weathering profile and discontinuity evaluation, this study utilizes a total of  26 panels from five stations investigated through a geotechnical data acquisition including the geological condition, weathering zones, joint distribution, and discontinuity characteristics. The result shows four types of dominant weathering profiles in lower part of Kebo-Butak Formation called as dominant weathering profile A, B, C, and D. Profile A, B, C consisted of a relatively identical weathering degree pattern of fresh, slightly, moderately, completely weathered zone with the variation of thicknesses. However, the weathering degree in profile D reached the residual soil degree controlled by more intensive joints. The fine-grained sedimentary rocks also tends to have smaller spacing, shorter persistence, and higher weathering degree of discontinuities as compared to coarse-grained sedimentary rocks.
Petrophysical Study and Rock Type Determination of Siliciclastic Reservoir: Case Study Sand of Bekasap Formation, AF Field, Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia Dwi Charisah Andriyani; Sarju Winardi; Sugeng Sapto Surjono
Journal of Applied Geology Vol 7, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Geological Engineering Department Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jag.83471

Abstract

An integrated subsurface study has been performed for a large and mature field at the Bekasap Formation in Central Sumatra Basin. The Bekasap Formation sand represents an undeveloped reservoir because of its heterogeneity. There are five sand reservoirs (BK1, BK2, BK3, BK4, and BK5) from Bekasap Formation, which each zone or layer bounded by a flooding surface. Each sand reservoir has particular characterization based on petrophysical properties that represent geological process. The petrophysical properties consist of shale volume, porosity, and water saturation obtained by wireline log calculation. This study uses conventional core data to validate the log calculation to achieve an accurate interpretation. Bekasap reservoir is a sandstone reservoir deposited in an estuarine with tide-dominated. Formation evaluation was done to determine the interest zone by petrophysical properties. The result well-log calculation and reservoir cut-offs showed the thickest reservoir in the BK 3 with the best average values of petrophysical properties with an average shale volume 0.32; porosity of 0.245. Otherwise, in rock type determination, four lithofacies are divided in the reservoir based on flow units. The sample RT 1 and RT2 provided the best reservoir zones with HFU1 and HFU2. The RT 3 and RT 4 dominated in HFU3 and HFU4 had the lowest potential zones of reservoir. The final findings showed a good correlation between sedimentologic analysis and petrophysical properties in the rock type determination. As a result, the best reservoir quality development is controlled by the depositional environment (texture and structure) rather than the diagenetic process in this reservoir. It is proven by petrophysical properties in BK1, and BK2 is coastal barrier sand (tidal sand bar) has more clean sand rather than in BK3 and BK4 deposited in the offshore bar.