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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Farmaka IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics) Chimica Didactica Acta : Journal of Chemistry and Chemistry Education
Shalihat, Ayu
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Selenium species in vegetables: benefits and toxicity for the body Alya Luthfiyani Heryadi; Ayu Shalihat; Rimadani Pratiwi; Mutakin Mutakin
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 16 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol16.iss2.art7

Abstract

Abstract  Background: Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in various biological body functions. The main source of Selenium in the body is food, one of which is vegetables. Vegetables collect Selenium from the soil which is then converted into various chemical species of Selenium. Such species should be recognized since each has different biological activities.Objective: The aim of this review was to identify chemical species of Selenium in vegetables as well as the benefits and toxicity for the body.Methods: Reference searches were done in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with the keywords Selenium speciation in plants, selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, selenocystine, and se-methylselenocysteineResults: The results of speciation in several types of vegetables showed that the chemical species of Selenium abundantly found in vegetables were selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCys2) and se-methylselenocysteine (Se-MeSeCys), gamma-glutamyl-Se-methyl-selenocysteine, and inorganic species. Both Selenium-enriched vegetables and the species contained therein have a variety of benefits for the body. However, excessive consumption can also cause toxic effects.Conclusion: The chemical species of Selenium in vegetables can be either organic or inorganic. Both types of species have different benefits and toxic effects. Keywords: benefits, chemical species, Selenium, toxicity, vegetable Intisari  Latar belakang: Selenium merupakan salah satu trace element esensial yang penting pada berbagai fungsi biologi tubuh. Sumber utama Selenium dalam tubuh adalah makanan, salah satunya yaitu sayuran. Sayuran mendapatkan Selenium dari tanah yang kemudian diubah menjadi berbagai spesies kimia Selenium. Spesies kimia Selenium penting untuk diketahui karena setiap spesies memiliki aktivitas biologi yang berbeda Tujuan: Review ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui spesies kimia Selenium yang terdapat pada sayuran serta manfaat dan toksisitasnya bagi tubuh Metode: Penelusuran referensi dilakukan melalui database Pubmed dan Google Scholar, dengan kata kunci Selenium speciation in plant, selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, selenocystine, dan se-methylselenocysteineHasil: Hasil spesiasi pada beberapa sayuran menunjukkan spesies kimia Selenium yang banyak terdapat dalam sayuran adalah selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocystine (SeCys2), dan Se-methylselenocysteine (Se-MeSeCys), gamma-glutamyl-Se-methyl-selenocysteine, dan spesies anorganik. Baik sayuran yang diperkaya Selenium maupun spesies yang terkandung di dalamnya memiliki berbagai manfaat bagi tubuh. Namun konsumsi yang berlebih juga dapat menyebabkan efek toksik Kesimpulan: Spesies kimia Selenium yang terdapat pada sayuran dapat berupa spesies organik maupun spesies anorganik. Kedua jenis spesies ini memiliki manfaat serta efek toksik yang berbedaKata kunci : manfaat, sayuran, Selenium, spesies kimia, toksisitas
REVIEW: ANALISIS SIDIK JARI DALAM KONTROL KUALITAS TUMBUHAN Felia Rizka Sudrajat; Mutakin Mutakin; Febrina Amelia Saputri; Ayu Shalihat
Farmaka Vol 18, No 2 (2020): Farmaka (September)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/farmaka.v18i2.27368

Abstract

Tumbuhan mengandung komponen-komponen kimia kompleks yang secara sinergis menghasilkan efek terapeutik. Saat ini, tumbuhan banyak ditelusuri dan dikembangkan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat herbal ataupun suplemen. Namun, kompleksitas komponen di dalam tumbuhan menjadi tantangan dalam pemastian mutu dan efektivitasnya sebagai bahan baku obat atau suplemen. Metode analisis sidik jari yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO sejak tahun 1961, merupakan metode dalam kontrol kualitas tumbuhan herbal yang memberikan informasi karakteristik komponen kimia dalam tumbuhan. Sidik jari kromatografi menggunakan KCKT menjadi metode yang umum digunakan diantara jenis kromatografi lain dalam analisis sidik jari. Review ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan aplikasi analisis sidik jari dalam kontrol kualitas tumbuhan sebagai bahan baku obat atau suplemen. Analisis sidik jari memberikan informasi seluruh komponen kimia yang dibutuhkan dalam kontrol kualitas tumbuhan. Namun, secara konvensional, sidik jari kromatografi sederhana tidak memadai untuk mewakili semua pola atau karakteristik kimia ketika komposisi obat herbal terlalu kompleks, maka seringkali analisis sidik jari dikombinasikan dengan metode lain, seperti kemometrik. Kata kunci: Analisis sidik jari, Tumbuhan, KCKT.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYDROQUINONE CONTENT IN MARKETPLACE FACIAL WHITENING CREAMS Zaman Ruchiyat; Nanda Raudhatil Jannah; Ayu Shalihat
Chimica Didactica Acta Vol 11, No 1: June 2023
Publisher : FKIP USK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jcd.v11i1.32162

Abstract

Hydroquinone is one of the dangerous ingredients in facial whitening cream cosmetics which can cause skin irritation, skin redness and a burning feeling. The purpose of this study was to determine the hydroquinone content in facial whitening cream cosmetics sold in the marketplace. The method used in this study was a qualitative test using a colour reagent test and the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method with toluene:glacial acetic acid as the mobile phase (5:5) and Silica Gel254 Plate as the stationary phase. Quantitative analysis used the UV Vis spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 541 nm. The results of the qualitative test in the TLC test showed that 4 samples tested positive for hydroquinone in samples A, B, D, and E, with a range of Rf values of 0.44, 0.5, 0.52, and 0.5, respectively. The results of the quantitative test showed that 9 samples contained hydroquinone with a sample content range of 0.22 to 3.62 ppm with an LoD value of 0.637 ppm and an LoQ of 2.124 ppm. The results of this study indicate that there are still cosmetics containing hydroquinone, these results are not following the Regulation of Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) No. KH. 00.01.43.2503 of 2009 where the use of this hydroquinone ingredient is prohibited for use in facial whitening creams because it can endanger health.Keywords: Analysis, Hydroquinone, TLC, Whitening Cream
Determination of Hydroquinone and Retinoic Acid in Whitening Creams in Ujung Berung Market Bandung, Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometry Shalihat, Ayu; Putri, Syakira Dwi; Fadhilah, Khusnul
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 6, Issue 3, Sept - Dec 2024
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v6i3.63939

Abstract

Whitening creams are cosmetic products applied to the skin to brighten or alter skin tone. The use of retinoic acid and hydroquinone without medical supervision is prohibited under Indonesian Food an Drug Authority (BPOM) regulations, as these are classified as prescription drugs that may cause harmful side effects with long-term use, such as skin irritation, dryness, burning sensation, and teratogenic effects. Unfortunately, these substances are still misused in some facial whitening products. This study aimed to identify the presence and determine the concentration of retinoic acid and hydroquinone in facial whitening creams sold in Ujung Berung Market, Bandung City. Samples were selected using purposive sampling with the criteria of being low-cost and without a registration number. A total of four cream samples were analyzed qualitatively using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with a mobile phase of acetone:n-hexane (4:6), and quantitatively using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Absorbance measurements for retinoic acid and hydroquinone were performed at wavelengths of 324 nm and 300 nm, respectively. TLC results showed that two samples, B and D, tested positive for retinoic acid with Rf values of 0.52 and 0.55, respectively, exhibited dark blue spots similar to the standard. The result of hydroquinone analysis using TLC was unidentified. Quantitative analysis revealed that sample B contained the highest retinoic acid concentration (0.077% w/w), while sample A had the highest hydroquinone concentration (0.604% w/w). These findings suggest that some facial whitening creams sold in Ujung Berung Market still contain unauthorized levels of retinoic acid and hydroquinone, highlighting the need for stricter regulation and public awareness.
In Silico Study of Organo-selenium with PPAR-γ and NF-κB Receptors for Cardiovascular Protection Shalihat, Ayu; Suhandi, Cecep; Hasanah, Aliya Nur; Mutakin, Mutakin
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 29, No 1 (2026): Volume 29 Issue 1 Year 2026
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.29.1.30-38

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to represent a significant global health challenge, leading to the need for new and more effective therapeutic approaches. Organo-selenium compounds have potential as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, which may help protect the heart and vascular system. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Organo-selenium exerts its cardioprotective effects are still not fully understood. The interaction with key regulatory pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has not been clearly defined. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the molecular interactions between organo-selenium compounds and the PPAR-γ and NF-κB-inducing kinase receptors in the context of cardiovascular protection. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the ligand-binding domain of PPAR-γ and the 20 organo-selenium ligands. The binding affinities and interactions between organo-selenium and receptors were analyzed. Among the screened organo-selenium ligands, compound 13 exhibited the most favorable binding affinity toward both PPAR-γ and NF-κB compared to the native ligand. Based on these results, compound 13 was selected for molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular dynamics study, using parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, SASA, and the Gyration plot, shows that compound 13 with PPAR-γ exhibits better stability and flexibility. At the same time, the NF-κB interaction, though stable, may be less energetically favorable than the native ligand. These interactions suggest that compound 13 (Ebselen) may modulate PPAR-γ activity, thereby influencing cell signaling pathways involved in cardiac protection. Overall, the findings suggest that modulation of the PPAR-γ pathway by compound 13 may represent a promising mechanism in cell signaling for cardiovascular protection.
Co-Authors Aliya Nur Hasanah Alya Luthfiyani Heryadi Fadhilah, Khusnul Febrina Amelia Saputri Felia Rizka Sudrajat Mutakin Mutakin Mutakin Mutakin Mutakin Mutakin Nanda Raudhatil Jannah Putri, Syakira Dwi Rimadani Pratiwi Suhandi, Cecep Zaman Ruchiyat