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SUNAT PADA ANAK PEREMPUAN (KHIFADZ) DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PEREMPUAN DI INDONESIA: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Demak Farida, Jauharotul; Elizabeth, Misbah Zulfa; Fauzi, Moh; Rusmadi, Rusmadi; Filasofa, Lilif Muallifatul Khorida
Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender Vol 12, No 3 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Pusat Studi gender dan Anak (PSGA) Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (402.18 KB) | DOI: 10.21580/sa.v12i3.2086

Abstract

Female circumcision is one of the continuing practices in some countries of Africa, Europe, Latin America, and Asia, including Indonesia. In Arab, tradition of female circumcision has been widely known before the Islamic period. While in Indonesia, some areas practicing female circumcision include Java, Madura, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. This research used qualitative-ethno­graphic method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews to the traditional birth attendants who performed circumcision and to the baby's parents who sent their children for circumcision. In addition, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving medical personnel (doctors and midwives), traditional birth attendants, the parents, community leaders, religious leaders, academics, and government, was also conducted to explore the data. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive analytical technique. The result shows that the practice of female circumcision in Demak Regency was done in 2 ways, namely symbolically and truly. Symbolically means that the practice of female circumcision was done by not cutting a female genital part, ie clitoris, but using substitute media, namely turmeric. On the other hand, the real meaning means that female circumcision was actually done by cutting little tip of the clitoris of a daughter. The time for practicing female circumcision in Demak regency was generally coincided with Javanese traditional ceremonies for infants / young children. The purpose for the daughters was in order to become sholihah and be able to control their lusts (not become "ngintil kakung" or hypersexual). Indeed, the motivation to practice this tradition is to preserve the ancestral tradition and to implement the religious command._________________________________________________________Sunat perempuan merupakan salah satu praktik yang saat ini masih dilakukan di beberapa negara di Afrika, Eropa, Amerika Latin, dan juga di Asia, termasuk Indonesia. Pada masyarakat Arab, tradisi sunat perempuan sudah dikenal luas sebelum periode Islam. Sementara Indonesia, beberapa wilayah yang mempraktikan sunat perempuan meliputi Jawa, Madura, Sumatera, dan Kalimantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-etnografis. Teknik pengumpulan data: Wawancara mendalam dengan dukun bayi yang melakukan sunat dan juga orang tua bayi yang mensunatkan anaknya. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang melibatkan tenaga medis (dokter dan bidan), dukun bayi yang melakukan sunat per­empuan, orang tua anak yang disunat, tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama, akademisi, dan pemerintah.Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-analitis Pada masyarakat di Kabupaten Demak. Praktik sunat perempuan pada Kabupaten Demak dilakukan de­ngan 2 cara, yakni secara sim­bolik dan secara sesungguhnya. Yang dimaksud secara simbolik adalah praktik sunat perempuan dilaku­kan tidak dengan memotong se­bagain anggota kelamin per­empuan, yakni klitoris, melainkan menggunakan media peng­ganti, yakni kunyit. Sedangkan yang di­maksud secara sesungguhnya ada­lah bahwa sunat perempuan benar-benar dilakukan dengan cara memotong sebagian kecil ujung klitoris anak perempuan. Waktu pelaksanaan sunat perempuan di masya­rakat Kabupaten Demak pada umumnya bersamaan dengan upacara-upacara adat Jawa untuk bayi/anak kecil. Tujuan dilakukan sunat perempuan bagi masyarakat di Kabupaten Demak adalah agar anak perempuan tersebut menjadi anak shalihah dan dapat mengendali­kan nafsu syahwatnya agar tidak “ngintil kakung” (hyperseks). Motivasi men­jalankan tradisi sunat perempuan bagi masyarakat di Kabupaten Demak menjalankan tradisi leluhur dan menjalankan perintah agama.
Analysis of exclusive breastfeeding and history of infectious diseases for wasting in children aged 12 - 59 months Farida, Jauharotul; Salimo, Harsono; Sumardiyono, Sumardiyono
Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) VOLUME 12 ISSUE 6, 2024
Publisher : Alma Ata University Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21927/ijnd.2024.12(6).436-444

Abstract

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Indonesia menghadapi beban tinggi wasting pada anak. Secara global pada tahun 2018, 1 dari 10 balita mengalami berat badan di bawah normal atau status gizi terlalu kurusuntuk seusianya. Berdasarkan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023, prevalensi status gizi (BB/TB) pada anak usia 0-59 bulan di Indonesia mencapai 8,5%. Di Jawa Tengah prevalensi BB/TB tercatat sebesar 7,1% (wasting = 5,5% dan severely wasting = 1,6%), sementara Kudus memiliki prevalensi 8,7% di atas rata-rata Jawa Tengah. Banyak faktor yang diketahui berkontribusi terhadap wasting diantaranya: pemberian ASI eksklusif dan asupan vitamin A yang tidak memadai; pemberian MP-ASI yang kurang berkualitas; balita yang menderita sakit seperti diare, ISPA, kecacingan, dan penyakit infeksi lainnya; imunisasi tidak lengkap; keterlambatan penanganan balita yang sakit; dan lingkungan rumah yang kurang bersih.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif dan riwayat penyakit infeksi (diare, ISPA, dan tuberkulosis) dengan kejadian wasting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan.Metode:  Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control dengan 150 anak balita sebagai subjek penelitian (50 wasting dan 100 gizi normal). Pengambilan data dilakukan pengukuran BB dan TB menggunakan alat ukur digital, serta wawancara kepada orang tua/wali menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan bivariat menggunakan chi-square.Hasil: Variabel yang mempunyai hubungan dan secara signifikan dengan kejadian Wasting pada anak usia 12-59 bulan adalah pemberian ASI eksklusif (p-value=0.018). Sedangkan riwayat penyakit infeksi Diare (p-value=0.271), ISPA (p-value=0.950), dan Tuberkulosis (p-value=1.000) tidak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian Wasting di Kabupaten Kudus. Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI eksklusif pada anak balita mempunyai korelasi dengan kejadian wasting. Pemenuhan nutrisi balita dengan ASI eksklusif dapat menguatkan imunitas tubuh pada anak terhadap berbagai macam penyakit infeksi.KATA KUNCI: wasting; ASI eksklusif; diare; ISPA; tuberkulosis   ABSTRACTBackground: Indonesia faces a high burden of wasting among children. Globally, 1 in 10 toddlers were underweight or wasting for their age in 2018. According to the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the prevalence of nutritional status (weight/height) among children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia reached 8.5%. In Central Java, the prevalence was 7.1% (wasting = 5.5% and severely wasting = 1.6%), while Kudus had a prevalence of 8.7%, above the Central Java average. Many factors are known to contribute to wasting, including inadequate exclusive breastfeeding and vitamin A intake; poor-quality complementary feeding (MP-ASI; illnesses such as diarrhea, acute respiratory infections (ARI), worm infections, and other infectious diseases; incomplete immunization; delayed treatment of sick toddlers; and poor household hygiene. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and a history of infectious diseases (Diarrhea, ARI, and Tuberculosis) with the incidence of wasting in children aged 12-59 months.Methods: This case-control study involved 150 children (50 with wasting and 100 with normal nutrition status). Data was collected through Weight measurement using digital scales, Height measurement using digital TB measuring instruments, and interviews with parents/guardians using questionnaires. The data analysis used was univariate using frequency distribution and bivariate using chi-square.Results: The variable that has a significant relationship with the incidence of wasting in children aged 12-59 months is exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.018). In comparison, the history of infectious diseases diarrhea (p-value = 0.271), ARI (p-value = 0.950), and tuberculosis (p-value = 1.000) did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of Wasting in Kudus Regency.Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding in toddlers correlates with the incidence of wasting. Fulfilling toddler nutrition with exclusive breastfeeding can strengthen the child's body's immunity against various infectious diseases.KEYWORDS: wasting; exclusive breastfeeding; diarrhea; ARI; tuberculosis Received: Nov 26, 2024; Revised: Nov 12 2024; Accepted: Nov 28, 2024; Available online: Nov 30, 2024; Published: Nov 30, 2024.
MISKONSEPSI MATERI ORGAN PEREDARAN DARAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA KELAS 5 DI SDIT ALAM NURUL ISLAM YOGYAKARTA Farida, Jauharotul; Muhammad, Azamul Fadhly Noor
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 10 No. 04 (2025): Volume 10 No. 04 Desember 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v10i04.40319

Abstract

This study is about finding and explaining the misunderstandings that fifth-grade students have about the human circulatory system while learning science at SDIT Alam Nurul Islam Yogyakarta. The research used a qualitative method with a descriptive design. The participants were fifth-grade students chosen using purposive sampling. Information was gathered through open-ended diagnostic tests, semi-structured interviews, and review of documents. The data was analyzed using an interactive model that included reducing data, displaying it, and drawing conclusions. To make sure the data was reliable, the study used multiple sources and methods for verification. The results show that students have some basic knowledge of the circulatory system, but they still have many misunderstandings. These mainly concern where and how the parts of the heart work, the difference between arteries and veins, and the paths of blood in the body and lungs. The overall path of the circulatory system was found to be the most misunderstood concept. Some reasons for these misunderstandings are that the teaching mostly uses lectures, there is not enough use of real or visual teaching tools, and students are not very involved in learning activities. The study suggests that teaching should focus on key scientific concepts, use real or visual tools, and involve students more in their learning to help reduce these misunderstandings.