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All Journal Veritas et Justitia Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Al-'Adl Undang: Jurnal Hukum Jurnal Yudisial Media Iuris Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Laut Jurist-Diction Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Jurnal Rechts Vinding : Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Padjadjaran Law Research and Debate Society Jurnal Konstitusi Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan SASI Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum
Bimo Fajar Hantoro
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Public Health Social Sciences Transportation

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Compatibility of the Capital of Nusantara’s Form of Government Against Article 18B Section (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Hantoro, Bimo Fajar
SASI Volume 28 Issue 3, September 2022
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/sasi.v28i3.1029

Abstract

Introduction: With the promulgation of Law Number 3 of 2022 on State Capital, the government realized its plan to relocate the nation’s capital from the Specific Capital Region of Jakarta to the Capital of Nusantara on the Kalimantan Island. However, the law's passage has sparked a debate directed at the Indonesian new capital's form of government which is deemed to violate the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, specifically Articles 18, 18A, and 18B.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the compatibility of the Capital of Nusantara’s form of government against Article 18B section (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.Methods of the Research: This is a normative juridical study using primary and secondary legal materials that are relevant to the topic of this study.Results of the Research: The results showed that the specific arrangements of the Capital of Nusantara’s form of government are normatively compatible with Article 18B section (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia for two reasons, namely: the position between Article 18B section (1) and Article 18 as equals and that both of them apply independently; and the specificity that can be regulated for the Capital of Nusantara is flexible which means that the extent of the specificities can be so broad, including in terms of the form of government.
Assessing Constitutionality of Amendment by Appendix Model in Indonesia Bimo Fajar Hantoro
Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/walrev.2026.8.1.31160

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the “amendment by appendix” model as employed in Law 1/2026 and to review its formal constitutionality. This doctrinal legal research combines statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings show that while the “amendment by appendix” model offers functional legislative efficiency, it operates as a distinct and novel drafting technique that remains unregulated within the strict guidelines of Appendix II of Law 12/2011 and its amendments. The precedent of Decision 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 is instructive, mandating that every novel legislative drafting technique must be regulated prior to its use. Consequently, the absence of the “amendment by appendix” model in the established guidelines renders its practice in Law 1/2026 prima facie unconstitutional on procedural grounds. While Law 1/2026 remains constitutional under the presumption of validity absent a formal judicial review, ex-post measures to cure its defects may prove futile. As a policy implication, lawmakers must proactively amend Law 12/2011 to explicitly legitimize the model, ensuring its valid future application while mitigating the risk of constitutional invalidation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model “perubahan melalui lampiran” sebagaimana dipraktikkan dalam UU 1/2026 dan meninjau konstitusionalitasnya secara formil. Penelitian hukum doktrinal ini menggabungkan pendekatan perundang-undangan dengan pendekatan konseptual. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendatipun model ini menawarkan efisiensi secara fungsional dalam proses legislasi, model tersebut merupakan teknik perancangan perundang-undangan baru yang belum secara tegas diatur dalam Lampiran II UU 12/2011 beserta perubahannya. Putusan 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 menjadi relevan dengan menegaskan bahwa setiap teknik penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan harus diatur terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan. Akibatnya, belum diaturnya model tersebut menjadikan penerapannya dalam UU 1/2026 inkonstitusional secara prima facie karena cacat prosedural. Kendatipun UU 1/2026 tetap dianggap konstitusional berdasarkan asas praduga keabsahan sebelum adanya putusan pengujian undang-undang yang menyatakan sebaliknya, upaya ex-post untuk memperbaiki cacat prosedur besar kemungkinan akan sia-sia. Sebagai implikasi kebijakan, pembentuk undang-undang harus secara proaktif mengubah UU 12/2011 untuk melegitimasi model tersebut, guna memastikan keabsahan penggunaannya di masa depan sekaligus memitigasi risiko inkonstitusionalitas. Keywords: amendment; appendix; formal constitutionality.
The Relic of Our Distant Past: Prospects for Ex-Ante Emergency Laws Reform in Indonesia Bimo Fajar Hantoro
Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): January-June
Publisher : University of Jember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jkph.v6i1.53687

Abstract

The 1945 Constitution establishes two mechanisms for dealing with emergencies, including Article 12, which requires the enactment of an ex-ante law governing the state of emergency. However, a dualism has emerged within Indonesia’s ex-ante emergency laws. The purpose of this research is to analyse the current regulatory landscape of ex-ante emergency laws, assess their constitutionality and limitations, and propose a constitutional framework for the law on the state of emergency, followed by reform proposals based on best practices. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches, utilising primary and secondary legal materials. The findings show that there has been a “balkanisation” of ex-ante emergency laws, as evidenced by the existence of: 1) the law on the state of emergency model, which implements the delegation provision of Article 12; and 2) the ordinary legislation model, which deviates from the constitutional requirement of Article 12. To ensure compliance and harmonisation with Article 12, the various types of emergencies, which are currently dispersed across several laws, must be consolidated into a single law on the state of emergency. This unification should be followed by reforms to the regulations governing declaration authority, conditions for declaration, and the consequences of the state of emergency. These measures are necessary to ensure that the President is well-equipped to deal with emergencies while maintaining effective checks to prevent the abuse of presidential emergency powers  
Beyond Legislative Ceremony: Fathi Osman’s Shura and the Meaningful Participation Mandate in Indonesian Lawmaking Hantoro, Bimo Fajar
Al-'Adl Vol. 19 No. 02 (2026): Al-'Adl
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kendari

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Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the meaningful participation mandate in lawmaking, especially its codification in Law 13/2022, within the framework of Fathi Osman’s conception of shura. Employing doctrinal legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper presents a novel conceptual parallel. The findings demonstrate that the three pillars of the meaningful participation mandate, including the right to be heard, the right to be considered, and the right to be explained, are the direct legal-procedural operationalization of shura’s core substantive principles of mandatory consultation, binding deliberation, and effective, non-ceremonial participation. However, Law 13/2022 constitutes a half-hearted codification effort of the mandate. This is most evident in its framing of the pivotal right to be explained as a discretionary exercise for lawmakers rather than an obligatory one. This flaw severs public accountability, renders participation merely ceremonial, and robs public input of its substantive deliberative power. This substantive failure not only contravenes the meaningful participation mandate, but also the shura obligation, making the process incapable of achieving its ultimate goal of maslaha. This paper concludes by proposing specific amendments to Law 13/2022, making the right to be explained mandatory and strengthening the right to be heard by requiring explanatory statements to ensure public intelligibility, not just legal access.
Meaningful Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making Process: A Comparative Study on EIA Preparation in Indonesia and the United States Bimo Fajar Hantoro; Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin; Manunggal Kusuma Wardaya; Hermawan Prasojo; Syarafina Dyah Amalia
Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Vol 14, No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan Ekonomi
Publisher : Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/hpe.v14i1.115308

Abstract

Meaningful public participation has become an essential tool for ensuring accountability and empowering the public in environmental decision making. However, in Indonesia, public participation in EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) preparation has suffered a regression post-Job Creation Law. This research is meant to analyze public participation in EIA preparation through a comparative perspective between Indonesia and the United States, followed by reform proposals drawn from the comparative study. This research is normative, employing statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings show that the current EIA preparation process post-Job Creation Law has diminished the role of public participation evident in the screening process, the restrictions on the stakeholders involved and the comments considered, and the replacement of the EIA Review Commission with the less representative Environmental Feasibility Assessment Team (EFAT). In comparison, the United States NEPA (the National Environmental Policy Act) and its implementing regulations require public participation from the outset of the process and require responsible agencies to respond adequately to submitted comments, subjecting them to judicial review for failure to involve the public and respond to public comments. Based on NEPA practices, reforms to Indonesia's current EIA preparation includes replacing the screening process with EA (Environmental Assessment) for more contextual determination of significant impacts, involving environmental groups and indirectly affected communities at every stage of the EIA preparation, requiring the project initiators to adequately respond to comments and to publish a ROD (Record of Decision), and allowing judicial oversight through civil and public interest causes of action to ensure accountability.
PEMAKNAAN PUTUSAN PLURALITAS DALAM SYARAT PENCALONAN PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN: Kajian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 Dian Agung Wicaksono; Bimo Fajar Hantoro
Jurnal Yudisial Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): Child Protection
Publisher : Komisi Yudisial RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29123/jy.v17i2.702

Abstract

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 telah memperluas persyaratan pencalonan presiden dan wakil presiden dalam Pasal 169 huruf q Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 dari hanya memuat minimal umur 40 tahun menjadi rumusan alternatif dengan penyepadanan jabatan publik tertentu. Meski demikian, dalam komposisi lima hakim konstitusi yang mengabulkan permohonan, terdapat keterbelahan antara pendapat pluralitas yang didukung oleh tiga hakim konstitusi dengan alasan berbeda yang ditulis oleh dua hakim konstitusi. Kondisi ini harus dimaknai sebagai keputusan pluralitas. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengulas konsep putusan pluralitas sebagai perspektif dalam memaknai putusan dengan suara mayoritas terbelah. Pertanyaan yang harus dijawab adalah bagaimana seharusnya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 ditinjau dari perspektif putusan pluralitas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kasus putusan pluralitas, putusan harus ditafsirkan berdasarkan posisi yang diambil oleh para anggota yang setuju dengan putusan dengan alasan yang paling sempit. Berdasarkan kaidah ini, perluasan syarat pencalonan dalam Pasal 169 huruf q Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 harus dibaca sebagai “memperluas syarat pencalonan hanya untuk yang berpengalaman sebagai gubernur.”
Who Governs the Village: Reconstructing Regulatory Authority over Village Affairs Fathimah Azzahro; Bimo Fajar Hantoro; Bintar Abhi Saputra
Jurist-Diction Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): Volume 9 No. 2, Mei 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jd.v9i2.85545

Abstract

This research examines the jurisdictional dualism between the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Village caused by the ambiguous definition of 'Minister' in the Village Law. This study aims to answer two questions: (1) how is the regulatory authority over village affairs structured; and (2) what model of regulatory reconstruction is appropriate for governing these affairs? This study employs doctrinal legal research utilizing both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the Village Law’s ambiguous definition of “Minister” creates legal uncertainty and jurisdictional overlaps between the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Village. Consequently, this research proposes two alternative solutions: (1) granting the Ministry of Village sole autonomy as the mandate holder for village sub-governmental affair; or (2) centralizing authority under the Ministry of Home Affairs. These findings emphasize the urgency of revising the definition of “Minister” and harmonizing implementing regulations to establish an integrated institutional framework, thereby ensuring bureaucratic efficiency and legal certainty.
Co-Authors Abdul Aziz Nasihuddin Agung Wicaksono, Dian Aulia, Muhammad Zulfa Bintar Abhi Saputra Dian Agung Wicaksono Faiz Rahman, Faiz Fathimah Azzahro Glinggang Hima Pradana Hermawan Prasojo Kurniawan, Dedy Mahrus Ali Manunggal Kusuma Wardaya Mulyani, Cora Kristin Rahman, Faiz SANJAYA, WAWAN Syarafina Dyah Amalia