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Dampak Pengungsi Timur Tengah Terhadap Stabilitas Ekonomi, Sosial, Politik Italia Tahun 2015-2021 Nisa, Istiqomatun; Mahmuluddin, Mahmuluddin; Munir, Ahmad Mubarak
Kajian Hubungan Internasional Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences - Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/khi.2024.3.1.10729

Abstract

Konflik yang terjadi di negara-negara Timur Tengah mengakibatkan keadaan yang tidak kondusif bagi penduduk lokal. Penduduk mulai merasakan tidak adanya rasa aman, terjadinya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, serta terjadinya penurunan stabilitas ekonomi negara yang menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya kebutuhan para penduduk seperti makanan, tempat tinggal dan fasilitas yang menjamin kehidupan yang layak untuk para penduduk lokal. Konflik yang memuncak pada tahun 2015 di Timur Tengah tersebut membuat penduduk lokal memilih untuk meninggalkan negaranya dengan mengharapkan adanya perlindungan yang di dapatkan dari masyarakat global. Pengungsi memilih negara yang letak geografisnya dekat dengan negara asal. salah satunya adalah negara Italia yang menjadi negara tujuan para pengungsi. Perpindahan yang dilakukan oleh pengungsi ini berdampak pada stabilitas ekonomi, sosial serta politik Italia yang memuncak pada tahun 2015. Adapun penelitian ini berupa penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Kerangka teori dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori liberalisme, selain itu terdapat konsep pengungsi internasional, konsep kerjasama internasional serta konvensi 1951 Tentang Status Pengungsi juga di gunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa masuknya para pengungsi sejak tahun 2015-2021 lebih banyak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap keadaan ekonomi, sosial serta politik Italia, dibandingkan dengan dampak positif yang hanya berdampak pada stabilitas ekonomi Italia. 
Indonesia - Nigeria Strategic Cooperation: An Indonesia's Perspective Mardialina, Mala; Munir, Ahmad Mubarak
Nation State: Journal of International Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Department of International Relations, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24076/NSJIS.2020v3i2.362

Abstract

Indonesia-Nigeria cooperation resumed since President Gus Dur made an official visit to Nigeria in 2000. Indonesia relations became increasingly constructive by creating several trade agreements with the Nigerian government and formulating Indonesia-Africa Forum (IAF) is a real constructive strategy in focusing on Indonesia’s Foreign Policy toward the Africa region. There are more than 15 Indonesian companies operating in Nigeria and Nigeria was Indonesia's largest trade partner in Africa with a total volume of trade at USD 1.5 billion in 2019. In the oil sector, Indonesia has a trade deficit with Nigeria but not in the non-oil sector, Nigeria became the entry point for Indonesian products to other African regions. This research is qualitative research using a political cooperation concept as an analytical tool by looking at the dynamics of the Indonesia-Nigeria relationship in the framework of strategic cooperation. The data is gained from a focused review of relevant theories, literature, and previous research findings of the discussed topic. Besides, the data were taken from books, journals, reports, and websites.
Dynamics of Chinese Investment in Infrastructure Development in Lombok Island Munir, Ahmad Mubarak; Husni , Valencia; Ayudaning D , Pamungkas; Anam, Syaiful
Journal Corner of Education, Linguistics, and Literature Vol. 5 No. 001 (2025): Special Issues
Publisher : CV. Tripe Konsultan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54012/jcell.v5i001.524

Abstract

Chinese investment has become the subject of ongoing debates in international political economy studies. In general, scholars argue that the benefits of Chinese investment not only depend on the relationship between China and host countries but also on various state capacities. Using a case study approach, this paper aims to contribute with other scholars to understand Chinese investment patterns in third-world countries, especially Indonesia. The volume of Chinese investment in Indonesia has increased significantly in recent years. This study will focus on understanding Chinese investment patterns in infrastructure in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) on Lombok Island. This project received a loan through the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) of 692 million dollars during 2019-2024. This paper argues that Chinese investment has contributed to complex policy-making dynamics at the national and sub-national levels.
Norms without Power? Evaluating ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific’s Role in Shaping the Indo-Pacific Anam, Syaiful; Asyidiqi, Hasbi; Rizki, Kurnia Zulhandayani; Munir, Ahmad Mubarak
Indonesian Journal of Global Discourse Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): July-December 2025
Publisher : The Department of International Relations Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ijgd.v7i2.172

Abstract

ABSTRAK Tulisan ini mengkaji secara kritis ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) sebagai kerangka normatif yang merumuskan visi ASEAN terhadap tatanan kawasan yang inklusif, berbasis aturan, dan kooperatif di tengah memanasnya rivalitas kekuatan besar. Dengan menggunakan teori konstruktivisme dan model norm life cycle yang dikembangkan oleh Finnemore dan Sikkink, studi ini menilai peran AOIP sebagai bentuk norm entrepreneurship serta stagnasinya dalam fase awal kemunculan norma. Melalui analisis konten dan wacana terhadap dokumen AOIP, deklarasi KTT, dan respons negara anggota, makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa berbagai keterbatasan struktural ASEAN, seperti pengambilan keputusan berbasis konsensus, kelemahan institusional, dan perbedaan politik internal, menghambat operasionalisasi prinsip-prinsip AOIP. Meskipun mendapatkan dukungan retoris dari ASEAN dan mitra eksternal, AOIP tidak memiliki mekanisme penegakan yang efektif, landasan institusional yang kuat, maupun kemauan politik kolektif, sehingga menjadikannya sebagai “norma tanpa kekuatan.” Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa agar AOIP dapat berkembang menjadi kerangka kerja yang lebih berdampak, ASEAN perlu mengadopsi pendekatan institusionalisasi secara bertahap, memberdayakan norm entrepreneurs, dan membangun kemitraan strategis dengan aktor eksternal yang sejalan. Pada akhirnya, riset ini menyoroti janji sekaligus keterbatasan dari agensi normatif dalam tata kelola kawasan, serta menekankan tantangan ASEAN dalam menavigasi antara wacana aspiratif dan realitas geopolitik. Kata kunci: ASEAN, Indo-Pasifik, AOIP, konstruktivisme, norm entrepreneurship, tatanan kawasan, norm life cycle, institusionalisasi, kekuatan normatif.
PENGENALAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GAME BASED LEARNING DI SEKOLAH SATU ATAP (SATAP) DESA PULAU MARINGKIK MELALUI PROGRAM KONTRIBUSI SOSIAL PERTUKARAN MAHASISWA MERDEKA 3 (PMM 3) INBOUND UNIVERSITAS MATARAM TAHUN 2023 Munir, Ahmad Mubarak; Ayuningsih, Adinda Noura; Hardiansyah, Kelfin; Syahra, Tasya Alvianka; Yusriah, Halimatul
Jurnal Pepadu Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Pepadu
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/pepadu.v5i1.3970

Abstract

The education sector in the Remote, Frontier, and Outermost (3T) regions faces several main issues including infrastructure, teacher quality, infrastructure support, and the number of teachers. Maringkik Island is one of the outermost islands facing the aforementioned problems. Its geographical condition, separated from the mainland of Lombok Island, brings its challenges for the mobility of teachers and supporting facilities for schools. Interventions in the learning model to improve the quality of education and student's interest in learning have become a separate necessity. The Student Exchange Program of PMM 3, through social contribution activities, introduces a game-based learning model at the Integrated School on Maringkik Island. The objectives of this activity include providing alternative game-based learning models that can be adapted to schools in coastal and island regions. The implementation of this activity is carried out through 5 stages: preparation, planning, needs analysis, program implementation, and activity evaluation. This activity can increase students' enthusiasm for the learning process. "Gerak Irama" (Rhythm Movement) and "Gerak Irama Mengenal Arah" (Directional Rhythm Movement) are the types of games used to encourage students' interest in learning on Gili Maringkik.
Respon Amerika Serikat dalam Menyeimbangkan Kekuatan Cina Melalui AUKUS dalam Klaim Kedaulatan Cina di Laut Cina Selatan Santoso, Dimas Idham; Munir, Ahmad Mubarak; Dewanto, Pamungkas Ayudhaning
Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies
Publisher : Department of International Relations, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ijpss.v5i2.134

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the formation of AUKUS as a new defense pact as the United States' response to China's unilateral claim of sovereignty in the South China Sea. The lack of presence of the United States, which for the last few decades has been too busy with its military operations in the Middle East region, has given China more freedom to carry out aggressive maneuvers in the Asia Pacific region which has then created an imbalance of power due to China's military strength being far superior to that of the alliance countries. United States in Asia such as the Philippines and Australia. In this research, a qualitative approach was used which aims to understand the phenomenon of events experienced by the subject through descriptions. Furthermore, this research uses the Balance of Power Theory and the Concept of Detterence as analytical tools to understand the material raised in this research. The results of this research show that AUKUS was formed due to the decline of the United States in various sectors which coincided with the rise of China as a new superpower. It is hoped that the selection of Australia and the UK in this collaboration will provide additional support to pressure China in the South China Sea through short-term and long-term programs.