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All Journal MEDIA KONSERVASI Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management CELEBES Agricultural
Zulfajrin, Moh
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education

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Factors regulating lignocellulolytic microbes, their degrading enzymes, and heterotrophic respiration in oil palm cultivated peatlands Hadi, Muhammad Nurul; Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Indriyati, Lilik Tri; Widiastuti, Happy; Zulfajrin, Moh
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2024.112.5195

Abstract

Even though their role in mediating tropical peat decomposition and GHG emissions had been widely recognized, information concerning lignocellulolytic microbes, their degrading enzyme ability, and interconnection with soil physicochemical properties and peat heterotrophic respiration on mature oil palm plantation/OPP block level were rudimentary. This study evaluated the effect of sampling depth (0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm), OPP management zone (fertilization circle/FTC, frond stack/FRS, and harvesting path/HVP), and peat physicochemical properties on the lignocellulolytic bacteria and fungi, their degrading enzymes activities and peat heterotrophic respiration/Rh using principal component analysis/PCA, multiple linear regression/MLR, and generalized linear mixed effect models/GLMM. This study found that the soil microbiological and physicochemical properties varied widely. Dominant lignocellulolytic bacterial population and their cellulase enzyme activity were higher than fungi, regardless of sampling depth and management zone. PCA and GLMM analyses showed the significant importance of sampling depth and management zone in governing lignocellulolytic microbial population, their enzyme activities, and Rh. Microbial population and cellulase activity were also remarkably affected by the interaction of all studied factors. Peat chemical properties (pH and total Mn) controlled the natural variance of lignocellulolytic microbes and their enzymes, whereas total K regulate Rh. This study suggested that the research on microbiological-related GHG mitigation in OPP should be focused on managing the fungal population and cellulase enzyme activity at the peat surface (0-30 cm) and fertilization circle.
Comparative Analysis of Soil Fertility in Sandy Soils along a Toposequence Transect in Sandai, West Kalimantan Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Pratiwi, Dea; Zulfajrin, Moh; Nurazizah, Lina Latifah; Chahyahusna, Affan; Iskandar
CELEBES Agricultural Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): CELEBES Agricultural
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Tompotika Luwuk University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52045/jca.v5i1.779

Abstract

Addressing food crises and land degradation potential requires multisteps agricultural development, including soil fertility assessment. This study evaluates sandy soil fertility status along a toposequence transect in Sandai District, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan. Seven observation points (TP1, TP2, TP3, TK1, TK2, TK3, and TK4) were established, with soil samples collected from depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm. Soil fertility assessment was conducted using three criteria: Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR), and Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN). The FMSCP method exhibited low to very low fertility statuses, while the BCSR and SLAN methods revealed significant variations in soil fertility, ranging from deficient to excessive. Both the BCSR and SLAN methods demonstrated strong relationships with soil parent material and slope gradient, as evaluated through a multivariate approach. The BCSR method indicated deficient to balanced status at all profile points, whereas dominant balanced to excessive statuses were observed at all fertility points. The SLAN national criteria predominantly indicated deficient status for calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), while the international criteria identified K deficiency only. This study served as forums to discuss fertility assessment in tropical soils. Also, recommends the potential for implementing the FMSCP criteria-based soil fertility assessment method for tropical Indonesian sandy soils and consider the involvement of balancing ratios in a more comprehensive soil fertility evaluation approach.
Monitoring of Post-fire Vegetation Succession on Peatland in Bengkalis Island, Riau Province Pudjawati, Nihawa Hajar; Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Asy'Ari, Rahmat; Zulfajrin, Moh; Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah; Saputri, Hanum Resti; Rivai, Fathan Aldi; Setiawan, Yudi
Media Konservasi Vol. 30 No. 3 (2025): Media Konservasi Vol 30 No 3 September 2025
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.30.3.423

Abstract

Peatlands are characterized by the accumulation of decomposed plant remains, which result in an organic carbon content of approximately 16 percent and form a layer at least 40 cm thick. Peat ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity conservation, maintaining water availability, and regulating the climate. However, human activities threaten these functions, especially during the dry season, which often leads to extensive fires. Post-fire succession is a natural process through which the land attempts to restore its original state. Monitoring succession after peatland fires can be conducted using satellite-based remote sensing technology, which provides spatiotemporal information. This study utilized a time series of three Landsat satellites, namely Landsat 5 (TM), Landsat 8 (OLI), and Landsat 9 (OLI2), to monitor succession in burnt peat areas on Bengkalis Island from 2000 onward. Additionally, hotspot data from FIRMS NASA  and MODIS were incorporated. The results showed a total of 3,689 hotspots recorded between 2005 and 2023. The confirmed land cover types in the succession area include swamps, water bodies, and oil palm plantations. The information from this research is expected to inform policymaking by the government or peatland area managers, and serve as a reference for further studies.
Corrigendum to: “Monitoring of Post-fire Vegetation Succession on Peat Ecosystem Area in Bengkalis Island, Riau Province” [Media Konservasi, Vol 30 Issue 3, 2025, DOI: 10.29244/medkon.30.3.423] Pudjawati, Nihawa Hajar; Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Asy’Ari, Rahmat; Zulfajrin, Moh; Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah; Saputri, Hanum Resti; Rivai, Fathan Aldi; Setiawan, Yudi
Media Konservasi Vol. 30 No. 3 (2025): Media Konservasi Vol 30 No 3 September 2025
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.30.3.470

Abstract

This corrigendum corrects errors in the previously published article.
Seasonal litter contribution to total peat respiration from drained tropical peat under mature oil palm plantation Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Siswanto, Siswanto; Mubarok, Husni; Widiastuti, Happy; Tambusai, Nizam; Zulfajrin, Moh; Anwar, Syaiful; Taniwiryono, Darmono; Sumawinata, Basuki; Sabiham, Supiandi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.092.3247

Abstract

The amount of CO2 gas emissions in drained peatland for oil palm cultivation has been widely reported. However, the research addressing the contribution of litter respiration to peat and total respiration and its relationship with several environmental factors is found rare. The aim of this study was to measure peat and heterogeneous litter respiration of drained tropical peat in one year at a distance of 2.25 m and 4.50 m from mature oil palm trees of 14 years using the chamber method (Licor Li-830). In addition to CO2 efflux, we measured other environmental parameters, including peat temperature (10 cm depth), air temperature, groundwater table (GWL), and rainfall. Results showed that the mean total peat respiration (Rt) was 12.06 g CO2 m-2day-1, which consisted of 68% (8.24 g CO2 m-2day-1) peat (Rp) and root (Rr) respiration and 32% (3.84 g CO2  m-2day-1) of litter respiration (Rl) at the distance of 2.25 m from the palm tree. Meanwhile, at a farther distance, the Rt was 12.49 g CO2m-2day-1, the contribution of Rp was 56% (6.78 g CO2 m-2day-1), and Rl was higher than the closest distance (46%; 5.71 g CO2 m-2day-1). Thus, one-year observation resulting the mean Rt and Rr was 0.07–0.08 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1, while Rl was 0.04–0.06 Mg CO2 ha-1 day-1. The means of Rt, Rp, and Rl were significantly different in the dry season than those recorded in the rainy season. The climatic-related variable such as peat and air temperature were chiefly governing respiration in peat under mature oil palm plantation, whereas the importance of other variables present at particular conditions. This paper provides valuable information concerning respiration in peat, especially for litter contribution and its relationship with environmental factors in peatland, contributing to global CO2 emission. 
Assessing the distribution of total Fe, Cu, and Zn in tropical peat at an oil palm plantation and their relationship with several environmental factors Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah; Zulfajrin, Moh; Anwar, Syaiful; Sabiham, Supiandi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 9 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.092.3349

Abstract

Extensive utilization of fragile tropical peatlands ecosystem encourages a better understanding of spatiotemporal micronutrients distribution. The distribution of total Fe, Cu, and Zn in peat and their relationship with environmental factors were studied under oil palm plantation, Pangkalan Pisang, Koto Gasib, Riau, Indonesia. Peat samples were taken compositely inside the block using a combination of six factors, including a) the oil palm age (<6, 6-15, >15 years old), b) the peat thickness (< 3 and >3 m), c) season (rainy and dry), d) the distances from the secondary canal (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 150 m), e) the distances from an oil palm tree (1, 2, 3, and 4 m), and f) the depth of sample collection (0-20, 20-40, and 40-70 cm from the peat surface). Total Fe, Cu, and Zn were determined by the wet digestion method. These micronutrients observed in this study possessed high variability; however, they were within the expected range in tropical peatland. The entire micronutrients were statistically different by oil palm age, peat thickness, and distance from canal. Meanwhile, total Cu and Zn were also significantly different at each season. The oil palm age, peat thickness, and distance from the canal were the common factors controlling total Fe, Cu, and Zn in peat significantly. Moreover, total Cu and Zn were also dictated by season, distance from the oil palm tree, and depth of sample collection. Based on visual interpretation in PCA (principal component analysis), all micronutrients were categorized into two groups, separated by 2 m distance from the oil palm tree and 20 cm depth from the soil surface. Our study also highlights the dominance of the dilution over the enrichment process in peat, which requires further research to formulate micronutrients fertilization, especially for an extended cultivation time.
Evaluating the changes of Ultisol chemical properties and fertility characteristics due to animal manure amelioration Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Kartika, Vira Widya; Nadalia, Desi; Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah; Zulfajrin, Moh
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 9 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.093.3545

Abstract

Amending Ultisols using organic matter encourages a paramount improvement in its chemistry and fertility characteristics. This study was aimed to evaluate the changes in soil chemical properties due to the animal manure amelioration in Ultisol in the Jasinga, Bogor, West Java, using classical and advanced statistical methods. Composite soil samples were collected then incubated with three types of animal manure (cow, chicken, and goat) and four rate levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% of dry weight). The dynamics of eleven soil variables (pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange complex/CEC, base saturation/BS, and exchangeable Al, H, Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were observed four times (0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Basic cation saturation ratio/BCSR and sufficiency level of available nutrients/SLAN soil fertility approaches were applied. Modeling comparison was done among multiple linear regression/MLR, machine learning/ML (tree regression/TR, random forest/RF, gradient boosting machine/GBM), and deep learning/DL (multilayer perceptron/MLP). Most of the soil chemical and fertility parameters exhibited strong relation among three applied factors. Generally, their values failed to reach the BCSR’s ideal soil and national SLAN’s sufficiency criteria; oppositely, they were categorized as sufficient based on the global SLAN approach. Multivariate analysis revealed the similarity among manure type and rate, whereas incubation time showed the opposite trend. MLR usage was convenient in modeling BS, pH H2O, and Al saturation. Meanwhile, CEC modeling requires more sophisticated methods. This study highlighted the possible improvement of Ultisol chemical properties and fertility characteristics by amending it with a higher rate and low C/N ratio of animal manure, and using ML to capture non-linear relationships in soil.
Simulating and modeling CO2 flux emitted from decomposed oil palm root cultivated at tropical peatland as affected by water content and residence time Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Fitriana, Syva; Nadalia, Desi; Zulfajrin, Moh; Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah; Mubarok, Husni; Tambusai, Nizam; Anwar, Syaiful; Sabiham, Supiandi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 9 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.094.3663

Abstract

Determining the oil palm dead roots contribution to total (Rt) and heterotrophic (Rh) respiration as a source of greenhouse gas/GHG emission in tropical peatland is urgently required, as well as predicting their magnitude to cope with difficulties of direct in-situ measurement. This study is designed to simulate the CO2 flux emitted from oil palm dead roots/Rdr in tropical peatland as affected by water content/WC and residence time/RT. The dead oil palm roots were cleaned, treated with control/15, 100, 150, 300, and 450%WC, and then incubated for three months. CO2 flux measurement, C, N, and CN ratio determination were conducted every month. This study demonstrated the importance Rdr among other CO2 emission sources, ranging from 0.05-2.3 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1 with an average of 0.7 Mg CO2 ha-1 year-1. Rdr contribution for literature Rt and Rh were around 0.3 to 1.3 and 0.9 to 3.5%, respectively. As a product of microbial respiration, Rdr was affected by WC and RT, supported by analysis of variance, linear mixed effect model/REML, and multivariate analysis. 100-150%WC resulting in significant and highest Rdr, whereas the increase (300-450%WC) or decrease (15%WC) would generate lower emission. Rdr culminated in the first month after incubation; meanwhile, it declined in the following months. This study also emphasized non-linear relationships between CO2 flux and other root properties, which can be modeled conveniently using non-linear approach, particularly using polynomial and artificial intelligence-based models. The simulation presented in this study served as an initial attempt to separate Rdr from Rh, as well as to predict CO2 flux with reasonable accuracy and interpretable methods.
Declined peat heterotrophic respiration as consequences from zeolite amendment simulation: coupling descriptive and predictive modelling approaches Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Hanifah, Nabila; Nadalia, Desi; Zulfajrin, Moh; Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah; Mubarok, Husni; Tambusai, Nizam; Anwar, Syaiful; Sabiham, Supiandi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2022.101.3889

Abstract

Nowadays, halting greenhouse gasses (GHG) emission is the world's major concern to mitigate global climate change. In oil palm cultivated tropical peatland, GHG emission is primarily constituted of CO2 flux emitted from aerobic heterotrophic respiration (Rh), the natural degradation process of organic material in an oxidative environment. By coupling descriptive and predictive statistical approaches, this study attempt to gain an in-depth understanding of the effects of zeolite rates and incubation time on CO2 emission that came from aerobic Rh in peat, as well as their decomposition process. This study found that zeolite amelioration up to 30% of the peat at field capacity and starting from the first month of observation (month-1) significantly restricted peat Rh, denoted by a reduced amount of observed CO2 flux (0.021 and 0.019-0.012 mg m-2 sec-1, respectively). Both factors and several soil variables exhibited some non-linear relationships with Rh at different magnitudes and importance, showing the limitation of the traditional linear-based approach to interpreting their complex interrelationships, as well as predicting CO2 flux. This study highlights the vital role of a polynomial (GAM) and artificial intelligence (Cubist and GBM) -based pedotransfer models in improving our understanding regarding the dynamic of the peat decomposition process as affected by zeolite amendment.
Co-Authors Affan Chahyahusna Asy'Ari, Rahmat Asy’Ari, Rahmat Atang Sutandi Basuki Sumawinata Darmono Taniwiryono Desi Nadalia Fitriana, Syva Hadi, Muhammad Nurul Hanifah, Nabila HAPPY WIDIASTUTI Heru Bagus Pulunggono Husni Mubarok Indriyati, Lilik Tri ISKANDAR Kartika, Vira Widya Katili, Hidayat Arismunandar Mihwan Sataral Ndekano, Irvan Nurazizah, Lina Lathifah Nurazizah, Lina Latifah Paldi, Ripaldi S. Sabudu Pratiwi, Dea Pudjawati, Nihawa Hajar Rivai, Fathan Aldi S Siswanto Saputri, Hanum Resti Syaiful Anwar Tambusai, Nizam Yatim, Herwin Yudi Setiawan