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KEEFEKTIFAN BEBERAPA DEKOMPOSER UNTUK PENGOMPLOSAN LIMBAH SLUDGE PABRIK KERTAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK Widiastuti, Happy; ., Isroi; ., Siswanto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 44, No 02 (2009): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Sludge, a solid waste by-product of paper industry, is very useful as raw materials for organic fertilizer, since this material contains carbon, and others mineral such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and pottasium. This researh evaluated 128 treatments which is combination of32 decomposers and four types of media. Thirty two decomposer are combination of 5 selected isolates i.e. omphalina sp., agrayli sp., pholyota sp., T. Pseudokoningii, and unidentified fungsi isolated from basal stem of coconut, while four types of media were sludge, sludge +cocopit, sludge+manure, sludge+cocopit+manure. composting of sludge was conducted in bag log containing 0.5 kg dry weight of sludge. Optimim condition of composting of sludge was obtained by supplementing with manure in combination with the composer (Polyota sp. And mixture of omphalina sp.+agraylie sp.+ unidentfiied fungsi isolated from basal stem of coconut). This condition can enchaane the rate of composting process, showed by reducing dry weight of compost and C concentration, and the highest percentage of carbon reducing. Application of this organic fertilizer increase the growth, N and PKey words: sludge, organic, fertilizer, nutrient tissue contentINTISARI Sludge instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL) sebagai limbah pabrik padat kertas memiliki kandungan karbon organik yang tinggi juga mengandung beberapa mineral, seperti nitrogen, pospor dan kalium. Dengan karakteristik ini maka limbah padat mempunyai potensi sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik. Dalam penelitian ini diuji 128 perlakun yng merupaka kombinasi 32 jenis dekomposer terseleksi dan 4 jenis medium. 32 dekomposer yang diuji merupakan kombinasi dari 5 isolat terseleksi yaitu Omphalina sp., agrayly sp., pholyota sp., T. Pseudokoningii, dan isolat dari pangkal batang kelapa sedangkan empat jenis medium yang diuji merupakan limbak kandang, pengomposan dilakukan di bag log yang diisi0,5 kg medium. Kondisi optimum pengomposan limbah padat yang diperoleh ialah penambahan pupuk kandang yang dikombinasi dengan dekomposer yang diamati dari besarnya penurunan bobot kering kompos, persentase kadat C serta persentase penurunan kandungan CKata kunci: sludge, pupuk organik, kandungan hara jaringan

Sugarcane leaf litter biomass and its effects on increasing sugarcane drought stress tolerance and reducing CO₂ emissions Kalbuadi, Donny Nugroho; Siswanto, Siswanto; Widiastuti, Happy
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.85576

Burning biomass on sugarcane plantations can lead to pollution (CO₂ emissions) and degradation in soil properties. Adopting non-burning technology can increase the value of biomass by applying it directly to the soil, although this may result in nutrient immobilization, which can hinder optimal plant growth due to high lignin and cellulose content or high CN ratio. On the contrary, composting waste with a decomposer will boost plant nutrient availability and enhance other soil characteristics. This research was aimed to assess the effect of several types of sugarcane organic matter on improving soil characteristics, growth of sugarcane and the CO₂ emissions. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors: type of organic matter (control, fresh litter and compost of sugarcane biomass) and level of drought stress (100, 75, 50 and 25%). Incubation occurred over 16 weeks, divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. The results showed that the application of organic materials in the form of compost could reduce water loss caused by environmental heat and sugarcane growing process. Furthermore, compost application improved soil chemical and biological properties by increasing soil pH, total nitrogen (N), total phosphate (P), total potassium (K), and the total microbial population, although differences were not significant compared to the control. Additionally, applying organic matter in the form of compost or litter helped suppress or reduce emissions, with compost treatment proving more effective than litter in reducing CO₂ emissions.

Factors regulating lignocellulolytic microbes, their degrading enzymes, and heterotrophic respiration in oil palm cultivated peatlands Hadi, Muhammad Nurul; Pulunggono, Heru Bagus; Indriyati, Lilik Tri; Widiastuti, Happy; Zulfajrin, Moh
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2024.112.5195

Even though their role in mediating tropical peat decomposition and GHG emissions had been widely recognized, information concerning lignocellulolytic microbes, their degrading enzyme ability, and interconnection with soil physicochemical properties and peat heterotrophic respiration on mature oil palm plantation/OPP block level were rudimentary. This study evaluated the effect of sampling depth (0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm), OPP management zone (fertilization circle/FTC, frond stack/FRS, and harvesting path/HVP), and peat physicochemical properties on the lignocellulolytic bacteria and fungi, their degrading enzymes activities and peat heterotrophic respiration/Rh using principal component analysis/PCA, multiple linear regression/MLR, and generalized linear mixed effect models/GLMM. This study found that the soil microbiological and physicochemical properties varied widely. Dominant lignocellulolytic bacterial population and their cellulase enzyme activity were higher than fungi, regardless of sampling depth and management zone. PCA and GLMM analyses showed the significant importance of sampling depth and management zone in governing lignocellulolytic microbial population, their enzyme activities, and Rh. Microbial population and cellulase activity were also remarkably affected by the interaction of all studied factors. Peat chemical properties (pH and total Mn) controlled the natural variance of lignocellulolytic microbes and their enzymes, whereas total K regulate Rh. This study suggested that the research on microbiological-related GHG mitigation in OPP should be focused on managing the fungal population and cellulase enzyme activity at the peat surface (0-30 cm) and fertilization circle.

Potensi Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Putih dan Polifenol sebagai Metode Kuratif Pengendalian Ganoderma boninense Achmad Yusup, Ciptadi; Dewantara Eris, Deden; Sri Mulyatni, Agustin; Gama Pradana, Mahardika; Widiastuti, Happy; Santoso, Djoko
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 32 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v32i2.259

Pengendalian penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) hingga saat ini berfokus kepada kegiatan preventif, sehingga diperlukan teknik pengendalian secara kuratif untuk melengkapi teknik pengendalian yang sudah ada. Penggunaan fungisida organik merupakan salah satu solusi yang ramah lingkungan. Ekstrak bawang putih (GE) dan polifenol (P) memiliki aktivitas antifungal terhadap berbagai jenis cendawan. Kombinasi kedua senyawa ini diharapkan mampu membentuk interaksi sinergistik yang efektif mengendalikan G. boninense secara kuratif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antifungal kombinasi GE dan P (GE+P) terhadap G. boninense, menentukan konsentrasi optimum yang dapat mematikan G. boninense secara in vitro, serta membuat formulasi fungisida organik dari GE+P. Pengujian in vitro menggunakan teknik peracunan media, sedangkan untuk uji kompatibilitas menggunakan metode checkerboard assay. Evaluasi kapasitas pertumbuhan inokulum G. boninense yang diuji dilakukan dengan Bavendamm test. Sedangkan untuk evaluasi efek kuratif kombinasi GE+P dilakukan dengan uji tetes dan semprot pada koloni G. boninense. Pengamatan kerusakan miselium akibat pengujian kontak dilakukan dengan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi GE+P memiliki interaksi sinergistik dan mampu merusak jaringan miselium G. boninense pada konsentrasi minimum 0,4%. Pengamatan SEM menunjukkan kerusakan parah jaringan miselium G. boninense pada aplikasi dengan konsentrasi 1,6%. Formulasi fungisida organik kombinasi GE+P berhasil membentuk larutan yang homogen dan stabil dengan penambahan surfaktan sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Pengujian daya simpan formulasi fungisida organik menunjukkan kestabilan dan tidak adanya penurunan efektivitas setelah disimpan selama enam bulan.

Enhancing Survival Rate and Growth of Kopyor Coconut Plantlet Acclimatization Using Biostimulants Prasetyo, Muhammad Eko Riyo Bayu; Maya Sinta, Masna; Riyadi, Imron; Widiastuti, Happy
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 30 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18343/jipi.30.2.397

In vitro embryo cultivation is the principal method for reproducing the kopyor coconut, an indigenous Indonesian species. Acclimatization is a critical step in this approach. The purpose of this study was to improve the survival and development rate of kopyor coconut seedlings grown in vitro during the acclimatization phase by using biological, organic, and mixed organic-biological biostimulants. This study employed a completely randomized block design that comprised the inclusion of biological, organic, and mixed biological-organic biostimulants, with no biostimulant as a control. The biological stimulant employed in this study was arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), while the organic biostimulant was seaweed extract. Each treatment had 50 plantlets in triplicate. The results demonstrated that the treatment of biological and organic biostimulants increased plantlet survival rates during acclimatization, beginning 2 months after application and remaining consistent for 4 months. The biological stimulant application produced the highest plantlet survival rate (>94%). Based on how quickly the plantlets transitioned to the next stage, it was discovered that after 2-months incubation, most of the plantlets had already transferred to the second phase of acclimatization (opened tunnel). After 4-months incubation, the biological stimulant treatment produced the most plantlets at the later stage. However, throughout the 4-month acclimation period, more plantlets were transported from the pre-nursery to the main nursery, particularly with the use of organic biostimulants (56-64%). Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plantlet, survival rate, seaweed

Impact of Underground Gold Mining on Soil Chemistry and Biology: Indigenous Microbe-Driven Rehabilitation? Fahikasari, Indah; Wulandari, Dewi; Widiastuti, Happy; Zarate, Jocelyn T.
Jurnal Biologi Papua Vol 17 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Cenderawasih

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31957/jbp.4601

Gold mining boosts Indonesia's GDP and exports. However, gold mining changes soil chemical and biological qualities, and therefore harming the environment. Thus, rehabilitating post mining land using environmentally friendly and chap method are essential for soil and ecosystem health. Nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are the most limiting factors in degraded mining area. Azotobacter sp. and Rhizobium sp. are well-known in assisting plant by providing N. Paraserianthes falcataria is well-known as a fast-growing tree species that have good symbiosis with Rhizobium sp. This study examines the chemical and biological effects of underground gold mining on soil and the ability of indigenous Azotobacter sp. and Rhizobium sp., to improve the soil of post gold mining under greenhouse condition. Soils were sampled from natural forest (NF), tailing (T), and 3 different ages of rehabilitated area: 1 year old, 2 year old, and 5 year old. According to this study, gold mining negatively effect on soil organic carbon and nitrogen levels. One Rhizobium sp. isolate and 12 Azotobacter spp. isolates were found in post mining soil. All Azotobacter spp. isolates fixed nitrogen by NFB test and produced IAA. All Azotobacter spp. was determined as gram negative bacteria. A greenhouse study found that Azotobacter sp. inoculation with 10% compost improved the soil quality by increasing soil organic carbon, soil N, soil available P, and exchangeable K. Therefore, this improvement on soil condition increased seedlings height, diameter, and biomass growing in gold tailings soil. These findings highlight the necessity of employing indigenous microorganisms and organic materials to improve soil quality and plant growth on former gold mining areas.

The Dynamics of The CMA Spores Population In Mass Propagation of Two Greenhouses Widiastuti, Happy; Salsa Bilah Alzahra
Journal of Tropical Mycorrhiza Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Asosiasi Mikoriza Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58222/jtm.v4i1.79

The production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) propagules is highly necessary for AMF-based biofertilizer production. This research was conducted to ustudy the dynamics of spore populations in mass propagation of AMF propagules in two greenhouses. AMF propagule propagation was carried out in vitro using sorghum plants as host plants grown in 5 kg capacity polybags totaling 200 polybags in all. The results showed that the reactions of both greenhouse H and greenhouse I media was acidic. There was a dynamics of AM fungi spore populations in those both green houses. Regrowth of sorghum plants (up to ratoon 2) failed to increase the density of AMF spore populations in both ratoon 1 and ratoon 2, and there was even a decrease in AMF spore populations at some incubation days. Drying of media could decrease or increase spore density in propagation in greenhouse H, while agitation to increase aeration couldn't enhance spore populations. In greenhouse I, neither agitation nor drying could increase the number of AMF spores. The highest spore population obtained from greenhouse H with a total propagation period of 49 weeks (12 months 1 week, ratoon 2) was observed at the beginning of maintenance of the second plant (ratoon 1), reaching 8.3 spores g-1, while for greenhouse I with a longer total time of 53 weeks (13 months 1 week, ratoon 2), the highest spore population was at the end of drying in the maintenance of the third plant (ratoon 2), reaching 6.7 spores g-1

Sugarcane leaf litter biomass and its effects on increasing sugarcane drought stress tolerance and reducing CO₂ emissions Kalbuadi, Donny Nugroho; Siswanto, Siswanto; Widiastuti, Happy
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.85576

Burning biomass on sugarcane plantations can lead to pollution (CO₂ emissions) and degradation in soil properties. Adopting non-burning technology can increase the value of biomass by applying it directly to the soil, although this may result in nutrient immobilization, which can hinder optimal plant growth due to high lignin and cellulose content or high CN ratio. On the contrary, composting waste with a decomposer will boost plant nutrient availability and enhance other soil characteristics. This research was aimed to assess the effect of several types of sugarcane organic matter on improving soil characteristics, growth of sugarcane and the CO₂ emissions. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors: type of organic matter (control, fresh litter and compost of sugarcane biomass) and level of drought stress (100, 75, 50 and 25%). Incubation occurred over 16 weeks, divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. The results showed that the application of organic materials in the form of compost could reduce water loss caused by environmental heat and sugarcane growing process. Furthermore, compost application improved soil chemical and biological properties by increasing soil pH, total nitrogen (N), total phosphate (P), total potassium (K), and the total microbial population, although differences were not significant compared to the control. Additionally, applying organic matter in the form of compost or litter helped suppress or reduce emissions, with compost treatment proving more effective than litter in reducing CO₂ emissions.

The Effect of Organic and Biological Fungicides on the Development of Ganoderma Fruiting Bodies Widiastuti, Happy
International Journal of Oil Palm Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Indonesian Oil Palm Society /IOPS (Masyarakat Perkelapa-sawitan Indonesia /MAKSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35876/ijop.v8i1.143

Ganoderma sp. is the main pathogen of oil palm that also attacks other plants such as rubber, eucalyptus, and acacia. Aside from being a pathogen, this fungus also lives saprobically. This study aims to examine the effect of organic fungicide on the growth of Ganoderma mycelia in vitro using Petri dish and the effect of organic fungicide and biofungicide on the development of Ganoderma fruiting bodies that grow on dead breadfruit trees. In testing on breadfruit wood, organic fungicide was given two times while for biological fungicide only one application for 3 consecutive days. The organic fungicide tested was effective in killing the growth of Ganoderma mycelium in vitro. The field test showed that after three weeks of organic fungicide application, the growth of fruiting bodies was inhibited while the control continued to develop and appeared enlarged. The growth of fruiting bodies treated continued to be inhibited until the second application of organic fungicide and this condition continued after application of trichoderma as biofungicide. At H65, there was higher population of bacteria on the control compared to treated fruiting bodies. On the 104th day, it can be isolated Ganoderma from the control but not from the treated fruiting bodies. These indicate that application of organic fungicide within 26th days has inhibited the growth of fruiting bodies and at 3.5 months, Ganoderma died. After 26th days of fruiting bodies breaking, there is new fruiting bodies from breadfruit wood control but not from the treated. This organic fungicide test needs to be specifically carried out again on fruiting bodies that grow on living plant stems to asses the effectivity as organic fungicide.

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