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All Journal Jurnal Medik Veteriner Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education
Zakwan, Muhammad
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Veterinary Other

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Toxicity Test of Flavonoid Compounds from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Malacca Leaves with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Zakwan, Muhammad; Sutriana, Amalia; Nurliana, Nurliana; Asmilia, Nuzul; Ammar, Muhammad; Novianti, Arindita Niatazya
Jurnal Medik Veteriner Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): Special Issue: International Conference on Veterinary Medicine and Health Scien
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmv.vol6.iss3.2023.15-19

Abstract

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds produced in plants as secondary metabolites. Flavonoids have favorable biochemical effects on multiple diseases and other bioactivities. This study aimed to isolate the active compounds contained in malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves and analyze toxic properties using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method in Artemia salina leach shrimp larvae. This study used malacca leaf powder with ethyl acetate solvent then macerated. Ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and fractionated, then toxicity tests were carried out. Extracts from the evaporation results were further fractionated using solvent petroleum ether, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Then the ethyl acetate fraction was hydrolyzed using reflagged with 7% sulfuric acid for two hours, then the filtrate was extracted with ethanol solvent. The obtained fraction washed with aquades and dried using a vacuum desiccator. The toxicity test results showed that the flavonoid compound of malacca leaves was not toxic with a value of LC50 > 1000 ppm, an increase in the concentration of the extract was followed by an increase in the average mortality of larvae.
Risk Identification and Control in Oman’s Construction Industry: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework Salim, ‪Rashid; Norhisham, Shuhairy; Zakwan, Muhammad; Al-Shukaili, Azan; Al-Qassabi, Masoud
Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, Technology, and Education Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT Mattawang Mediatama Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.asci4614

Abstract

The construction industry in Oman faces significant risks that influence cost, time, and overall project performance. Although risk management has been widely studied globally, research focusing specifically on Oman and the Middle Eastern context remains limited. This study manages this gap by conducting a systematic literature review on risk identification and control strategies in construction projects. Eligible studies were selected by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. SCOPUS and ScienceDirect were selected as the leading journal databases. A total of 33 articles were selected for further analysis through this procedure. The review synthesises findings from recent studies, highlighting critical risk identification and classification, including financial, environmental, operational, logistical, regulatory, legal, health and safety, and market risks, as well as strategies for mitigating them. Several recommendations were also suggested to provide the essential knowledge and information for future research. Based on the insights gained, a conceptual framework is proposed to guide risk control practices in Oman’s construction industry.
Co-Authors Al-Qassabi, Masoud Al-Shukaili, Azan Amalia Sutriana Muhammad Ammar Norhisham, Shuhairy Novianti, Arindita Niatazya NURLIANA NURLIANA Nuzul Asmilia Salim, ‪Rashid