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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Yuningsih .
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Veterinary

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The Quality of Fish Meal for Animal Feed and its Toxicity Yuningsih .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (226.71 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v12i3.763

Abstract

Fish meal is an important source of protein in feed. However its storage time and condition should be carefully observed as they may cause the fermentation if stored for long time. When Clostridium spp are dominant during proteolitic reactions, extensive changes to amino acids can occur by three different types of reactions: deamination, decarboxylation and coupled oxidation/ reduction, which result in the production of amines, ammonia, carbondioxide, keto acids and fatty acids. Based on the result of toxicological examination in fish meal samples which were received from 1999 to 2000 in diagnostic laboratory, Balitvet- Bogor, the samples contain ammonia: 15 samples (100%), histamine: 9 samples (64%) and nitrate: 2 samples (14%). As a conclusion histamine (decarboxilation reaction) and ammonia are a primary toxic substance in fish meal.   Key words: Fish meal, histamine, ammonia, nitrate
Nitrate - Nitrite Toxicosis in Animals and Their Cases in Indonesia Yuningsih .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 1 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (244.303 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v10i1.750

Abstract

Nitrate is naturally present in the environment such as in plants, fertilized soil, and water. Toxicity of nitrate-nitrite in animals occurred when these animals consumed grasses or plants, which contained high level of nitrate. As a consequence nitrate is converted into lethal nitrite by the bacteria in the rumen. When nitrite is absorbed into the blood, haemoglobine (Hb) is converted by nitrite into methaemoglobine (MetHb) which reduces the oxygen uptake, if MetHb level reaches 20-30%. As a consequence the suffering animals show difficulty in breathing, the clinical sign develop when MetHb reaches 80-90%, causing the death of the animals and this MetHb levels result in brown discoloration of the blood, as a characteristic of nitrate-nitrite poisoning. Several cases of nitrate-nitrite poisoning were reported from Bogor, Bandung, Sukabumi, Jakarta, and Kupang in various animals from the year 1992 to 1997. It was reported that 6,250; 8,000; 2,000; 5,000 mg/kg nitrate and 10 mg/kg nitrite detected in the feed of zebra, dairy cattle, horse, sheep, and duck respectively. The grass containing high level of nitrate was probably due to over fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers.   Key words : Poisoning, nitrate, nitrite, animals, grass, water
Co-Authors A Priadi A Sarosa R M A Adjid S Rachmawati Sri Yuliastuti T Syafriati T.B Murdiati