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All Journal SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
J. Achmadi
Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Mathematics

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Perkembangan Mikrobia Rumen dari Hasil Uji Biologis Pellet Complete Calf Starter pada Pedet Friesian Holstein Pra Sapih Maharani, N.; Achmadi, J.; Mukodiningsih, S.
JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Volume 22 Issue 2 Year 2014
Publisher : JURNAL SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2858.002 KB)

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas dari formula Complete Calf Starter (CCS) dengan molases 5% sebagai pengganti susu terhadap perkembangan mikrobia rumen pedet Friesian Holstein (FH) pra sapih. Materi yang digunakan adalah 20 ekor pedet sapi FH yang terdiri dari 14 ekor betina dan 6 ekor jantan pra sapih umur 2 minggu dengan bobot badan rata-rata 45±5 kg, bahan pakan yang terdiri atas jagung giling, dedak halus, bungkil kedelai, jerami jagung, molases dan mineral. Penelitian dirancang secara deskriptif non parametrik. Variabel yang diamati adalah total bateri dan total protozoa. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa total populasi bakteri cairan rumen pada pedet umur 2 minggu sebesar 80x106 kol/ml, umur 4 minggu sebesar 40x106 ; 50x106 kol/ml dan umur 6 minggu sebesar 20x106 ; 18x106 kol/ml. Total protozoa cairan rumen pada pedet umur 2 minggu sebesar 3,52x106 sel/ml, umur 4 minggu sebesar 2,13x106 sel/ml ; 1,41x106 sel/ml dan umur 6 minggu sebesar 1,61x106 ; 1,12 x106 sel/ml. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa CCS bentuk pellet mampu menstimulasi perkembangan rumen (total bakteri, total protozoa, pH dan konsumsi pakan) pedet FH pada umur 2 minggu namun pada umur 4 dan 6 minggu jumlah total bakteri menurun.   Keywords: Complete Calf Starter, total bakteri, total protozoa.
THE EFFECTS OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON BODY COMPOSITION OF SHEEP Wati, N. E.; Nuswantara, L. K.; Wahyono, F.; Pangestu, E.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 40, No 4 (2015): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.40.4.222-228

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and protein supply in sugarcane bagasse based ration on the body composition of sheep. The studywasconsistedoftwo steps of experiment. The first step of experiment used two rumen cannulated adult rams to create formulation of three diets with different synchronization index, namely 0.37; 0.50 and 0.63 respectively. The experimental diets were designed to be iso-energy, iso-nitrogenous and iso-neutral detergent fibre (iso-NDF). The second step of experiment was to determine the body composition of sheep fed the experimental diets, which were created in the first experiment. The body composition of fifteen rams were determined on week 0; 4; and 8 of experimental period, these were accomplished using the technique of urea dilution. The alteration of synchronization index did not affect on feed intake, ratio of ruminal acetate to propionate and serum glucose concentration, but dry matter (DM) digestibility was affected (P<0.05) by the treatment of synchronization index in the diet. The alteration of synchronization index in the diet did not affect on the percentage of body protein, fat and water significantly, though body weight of sheep gained slightly during the experimental period.
Nitrogen degradation of the limestone-urea mixtures in the rumen of goats Harahap, M. A.; Nuswantara, L. K.; Pangestu, E.; Wahyono, F.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 43, No 3 (2018): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.43.3.282-288

Abstract

This experiment was aimed to study the degradation kinetics of limestone-urea mixtures in the goats rumen using the nylon bag technique. Samples of limestone were obtained from two limestone mountains, Pamotan Subdistrict of Central Java Province and Wonosari Subdistrict of Yogyakarta Province. The mixtures were created by combining urea at levels 25, 50, 75and 100%; respectively with two limestones on the basis of their Ca contents: L0U100, LP25U75, LP50U50; LP75U25, LW25U75; LW50U50; and LW75U25. The soluble fraction, potentially degradable fraction, the degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction, and effective degradation of respective dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) ruminal degradation kinetics were measured in each mixture. The mixture of LP75U25 had lowest effective and degradation rate of potentially degradable fraction (P<0.05) respectively for DM and N compared with those of other mixtures. In conclusion, the limestone-urea mixture of LP75U25 could be suggested as a dietary supplement of ruminal N slow release.
COMBINATION OF SOYBEAN MEAL AND Hibiscus tiliaceus LEAF IN THE GOAT DIET: EFFECT ON SOME PARAMETERS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Armayanti, A. K.; Nuswantara, L. K.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 40, No 3 (2015): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.40.3.153-158

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to clarify effect of the combination of waru leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus) sapponin with soybean meal protein in the goat diet on some parameters of carbohydrate metabolism. The study used 16 Ettawah cross bred male goats with body weight average of 16 kg and aged at 7 months. The dietary treatments were: T0 = total mixed ration (0.09% of Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf sapponin, 8.69 % of CP, 62.11% of TDN), T1 = T0 + 3% soybean meal protein, T2 = T0 + 6% soybean meal protein, and T3 = T0 + 9% soybean meal protein. The treatments were allotted in a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments and 4 replicates of each. The results showed that dietary treatments did not effect significantly (P>0.05) on intakes of dry matter, carbohydrate, energy, ruminal butirat and valerat concentrations. Crude protein intake, feed digestibility, ruminal acetate and propionate concentrations, ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic VFAs, and estimated methane production were increased (P<0.05) by dietary experiments. The protein supplementation in a Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf contained diet should be balanced with the energy level.
EFFECT OF SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY  IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED DIET ON MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN SHEEP Achmadi, J.; Suhada, A. T.; Nuswantara, L. K.; Wahyono, F.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 41, No 3 (2016): September
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.41.3.135-144

Abstract

The experimental research was conducted to clarify the effect of synchronization of ruminal carbohydrate and protein releases from sugarcane bagasse based diet (SBBD) on microbial protein synthesis in sheep. The first experiment was the formulation of three SBBD with similar nutrient content but differed in synchronization indexes (namely 0.36; 0.50 and 0.63). The in sacco nutrient degradability coefficient was used to calculate the synchronization index of each feedstuff. The second experiment was determination of post feeding ruminal pH, ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in sheep fed on experimental SBBD. The third experiment was determination of feed digestibility and estimation of microbial nitrogen synthesis (MNP) on the basis of excreted urinary allantoin. The alteration of dietary synchronization index did not change nutrient intake, but the digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were increased (P<0.05). The post feeding ruminal pH was decreased (P<0.05) but concentrations of post feeding ruminal TVFA and NH3-N, and level of BUN were increased (P<0.05) by the treatment of dietary synchronization index. The treatment of dietary synchronization index improved MNP (P<0.05), although dietary synchronization index at 0.63 lowered the MNP (P<0.05). 
COMBINATION OF SOYBEAN MEAL AND Hibiscus tiliaceus LEAF IN THE GOAT DIET: EFFECT ON SOME PARAMETERS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM Akhsan, F.; Nuswantara, L. K.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2015): June
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.40.2.100-106

Abstract

Sixteen Ettawah cross bred goats were used to study the effect of waru leaf (Hibiscus tiliaceus)sapponin combined with soybean meal protein supplementation on some parameters of proteinmetabolism. Goats had body weight average of 16 kg and aged at 7 months. The experimental dietswere: T0 = total mixed ration (0.9% saponin of hibiscus leaf, 8% CP, 62% TDN), T1 = T0 + 3% soybeanmeal protein, T2 = T0 + 6% soybean meal protein, and T3 = T0 + 9% soybean meal protein. Thetreatments were allocated in a completely randomized design. The parameters observed in this studywere dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intakes, DM and CP digestibilities, ruminal amonia andVFAs concentrations, blood urea level, nitrogen retention, digestible organic matter in rumen (DOMR),urinary allantoin, and estimated microbial nitrogen (N) synthesis. DM intake, DOMR, urinary allantoinand estimated microbial N synthesis were not affected significantly (P>0.05) by treatments. CP intake,DM and CP digestibilities, ruminal amonia and VFAs concentrations, blood urea level and nitrogenretention increased (P<0.05) with increasing levels of soybean meal protein. Balancing energy levelshould be considered for the dietary protein supplementation in Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf contained diet of goat.
EFFECT OF BAGASSE PORTION IN DIET ON BODY COMPOSITION OF GOAT Baiti, I.Z.; Nuswantara, L.K.; Pangestu, E.; Wahyono, F.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 38, No 3 (2013): (September)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.38.3.199-204

Abstract

The study was aimed to predict body composition of local goats fed bagasse based total mixedration (TMR). Fifteen male local goats (18 months old with average body weight of 18 kg ) were used inthis study. Goats were divided randomly into 3 groups, and were fed TMR’s those contained 15, 25, and35% of sugarcane bagasse, respectively. All experimental diets were designed to be isoenergy andisoprotein. After 12 weeks of adaptation to experimental diets and environment, each group wassubjected to feed digestibility trial, body composition, and experiment of feeding effect on serumglucose. The data were analyzed using one way analyses of variance. The results showed that the bodycomposition and serum glucose concentration were not significantly different (P>0.05) amongtreatments. The bagasse portion in the TMR upto 25% lowered daily feed consumption and body weightgain (P<0.05). It was concluded that the use of sugarcane bagasse up to 35% in the TMR did not affectbody composition of goats.
PARAMETERS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM IN GOATS FED DIETS WITH DIFFERENT PORTION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE Ariyani, S.A.; Nuswantara, L.K.; Pangestu, E.; Wahyono, F.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 39, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.39.2.111-116

Abstract

Fifteen Jawarandu male goats were used to study the effect of different portion of sugarcanebagasse in diets on some parameters of protein metabolism. Goats had average of body weight of 18 kgand aged at 18 months. Animals were housed in metabolic cages and were alloted to a completelyrandomized design receiving three experimental diets with sugarcane bagasse portions of 15, 25, and35% (dry matter basis), respectively. After eight weeks of adjustment period to experimental diets andenvironment, each group of treatment was subjected to ten days of digestion trial, and followed bycollection of rumen liquid samples. Parameters observed were feed digestibility, nitrogen retention,ruminal feed fermentation, and excretion of urinary allantoin to estimate microbial protein synthesis.Data were tested using one way analysis of variance, and followed by Duncan’s mulitiple range test. Drymatter and protein intakes lowered (P<0.05) as the increasing of sugarcane bagasse in diets. Proteindigestibility and retention were unaffected by the treatment of bagasse portion. The dietary treatment didnot change ruminal ammonia, total VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations. Microbialnitrogen synthesis and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were unaffected by the dietarytreatment.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON IN SITU NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY Sani, F. F.; Nuswantara, L. K.; Pangestu, E.; Wahyono, F.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 41, No 1 (2016): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.41.1.28-36

Abstract

Two adult male sheeps fitted with rumen cannula were used in two experiments to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply in sugarcane bagasse based total mixed ration (TMR) on in situ nutrient degradation. The first experiment was aimed to create three TMR with different synchronization index. Ingredient feedstuffs of TMR were evaluated for its in situ organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation kinetics. On the basis of the OM and N degradation kinetics of feedstuffs, three sugarcane bagasse based TMR were formulated with synchronization indexes of 0.37; 0.50; and 0.63; respectively. The TMR had similar levels of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In the second experiment, the three TMR with different synchronization index were evaluated for in situ degradability characteristics of OM, CP, NDF, and sulfur. The in situ degradation of OM in TMR were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of synchronization index. The higher synchronization index in TMR increased (P<0.05) CP degradation of CP. The NDF degradation decreased slightly by the alteration of synchronization index in TMR. The higher synchronization index in TMR reduced (P<0.05) in situ sulfur degradation, and this may not support to effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply.  
Essential mineral profiles in soils and forages in Indonesia’s active volcanoes: Implication for beef cattle nutrition in the eruption-impacted areas Khalil, K.; Ananta, D.; Novia, R.; Suyitman, S.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.1.33-45

Abstract

A study was conducted to explore the essential mineral concentrations of volcanic soils and forag-es in different eruption-impacted areas and discuss the possible effects on beef cattle nutrition. A total of 75 forage and topsoil samples were collected in the eruption-impacted areas of five active volcanoes located on different islands in Indonesia: Agung Mt. (Bali), Gamalama (North Maluku), Lokon (Noth Sulawesi), Merapi (Central Java), and Sinabung (North Sumatra). The samples were analyzed for the essential macro minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S) and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Se). Results found that Ca forage varied from 0.52 to 0.76 ppm, P: 0.09-0.36%, Mg: 0.26-0.39%, K:1.55-4.21%, Na: 0.09-0.12%, and S: 0.12-0.65%. The Fe concentration of 109-308 ppm was the most varied trace element in the forages, followed by Mn (30-186 ppm, and Zn (50-85 ppm). The soils Ca, Mg, Na, and S varied from 0.38-0.87, 0.07-0.71, 0.09-0.14, and 0.01-0.07%, respectively. The potential P and Mg ranged from 48.83-174.87 and 23.99-39.97 mg/100 g, respectively. The soil was considerably rich in Fe (142,230-20,252 ppm), followed by Mn (66-180 ppm), Zn (37-56 ppm), and Cu (10-60 ppm). Con-sidering requirements for growing cattle, forage K, S, and Cu exceeded tolerable levels; they were fa-vorable to Ca, Mg, Zn, Co, and Se concentrations, but P and Na were insufficient. In conclusion, the essential minerals most likely to limit beef cattle's nutritional status and productivity in the eruption-impacted areas are K, S, Cu, P, and Na.
Co-Authors A. K. Armayanti, A. K. A. T. Suhada, A. T. Ananta, D. Anata, D. E. Pangestu F. Akhsan, F. F. F. Sani, F. F. F. Wahyono H. Hendri, H. Harahap, M. A. Hermon, H. I.Z. Baiti Khalil Khalil L. K. Nuswantara L.K. Nuswantara N. E. Wati, N. E. N. Maharani Novia, R. S. Mukodiningsih S.A. Ariyani Suyitman, S.