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All Journal SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture
J. Achmadi
Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Mathematics

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Livestock farming sustainability and forage production in volcanic-hazard prone areas of Indonesia’s active volcano Khalil, K.; Ananta, D.; Novia, R.; Suyitman, S.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 49, No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.49.1.91-105

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions have varied and complex impacts on small-scale livestock farming located in volcanic hazard-prone areas due to diverse stock, rearing, and feeding practices. The study was aimed to clarify the critical factors for designing forage recovery and sustainable livestock production in highrisk-prone areas of active volcanic mountains. A total of seventy-five ruminant livestock farmers located in the eruption-impacted areas of five active volcanoes were surveyed on flock size, rearing, and feeding practices. They were interviewed about their experiences of the eruption's impact on the animals, forage feed, and livestock mitigation regarding survival efforts. Forage plants and soil samples were collected to analyze dry matter and crude nutrient composition and estimate the botanical composition, biomass production, and carrying capacity. Results showed that there were five species of ruminant animals reared in small flock size (< 7 heads/farm): beef cattle, buffalo, horses, goat, and sheep. Beef cattle and goats were the most popular farm animals raised in different breeds, rearing, and feeding systems. The volcanic eruption caused animal loss and health problems due to exposure to volcanic materials, forage damages, and animal mitigation constraints, resulting in flock size decrease and economic loss. The impact of the eruption on farm animals and forage plants varied among the volcanoes due to diverse eruptive characteristics, stock breed, rearing, and feeding practices. Livestock farming recovery post-eruption depended largely on the survival flock and the regrowth of forage plants. In conclusion, sustainable beef cattle farming in volcanic hazard-prone areas might be realized by effective livestock mitigation efforts, selecting appropriate types of animals and rearing/feeding systems based on agroecological conditions, and improving forage capacity and survival rate during and posteruption.
Enhancing the nutritional value of preserved rice straw with calcite-based minerals for cattle in volcanic eruption-affected areas Khalil, K.; Anata, D.; Hermon, H.; Hendri, H.; Achmadi, J.
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture Vol 50, No 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.50.4.281-292

Abstract

The December 2023 Mount Marapi eruption likely disrupted the mineral balance in tethered cattle by altering soil and forage composition. This study examined (1) mineral imbalances in tethered cattle and (2) the effectiveness of calcite-based mineral supplements in preserved rice straw to correct these imbalances. Hair samples from 45 cattle farms were also analyzed for minerals such as P, K, S, Na, and Cu. Rice straw was preserved with 1.2% molasses, 0.15% urea, and one of four mineral additives: cal-cined calcite (CC), enriched calcined calcite (eCC), enriched raw calcite (eRC), or commercial premix (UM). The preserved straw was fed to bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design. Hair analysis revealed phosphorus deficiency in 82.2% of samples, copper deficiency in 31.1%, and excesses of sulfur and sodium in 100% and 71.1% of samples, respectively. Enriched additives improved the straw's sensory qualities and mineral profiles, reduced fungal contamination, and preserved the palatable stem portion. Blood hematology and mineral levels remained unchanged; bulls fed eCC gained 332 g/day, equal to the 354 g/day gain with UM. In conclusion, the Mount Marapi eruption significantly disrupts the min-eral status of tethered cattle, causing critical P/Cu deficiencies and S/Na excesses. eCC proves to be an effective mineral supplement, enhancing the quality of preserved straw and cattle performance in re-gions affected by the eruption.
Co-Authors A. K. Armayanti, A. K. A. T. Suhada, A. T. Ananta, D. Anata, D. E. Pangestu F. Akhsan, F. F. F. Sani, F. F. F. Wahyono H. Hendri, H. Harahap, M. A. Hermon, H. I.Z. Baiti Khalil Khalil L. K. Nuswantara L.K. Nuswantara N. E. Wati, N. E. N. Maharani Novia, R. S. Mukodiningsih S.A. Ariyani Suyitman, S.