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CHANGING BODY POSTURE AND WORKING SYSTEM IMPROVES WOKERS PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCT QUALITY Surata, I Wayan; Manuaba, A.; Adiputra, N.; Sutjana, D.P.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, No. 1 Januari 2011
Publisher : Udayana University

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Seaweed is one of the nation’s potential marine commodities that maycontribute to the national revenue and a new source of income for the localcommunity, as the cultivation of seaweed is much easier and cheaper than paddycrop, because neither pesticides nor fertilizer would be required. Other advantages ofcultivating seaweed are the fact that it can be carried out throughout the year, and itsrelatively shorter duration to reach the harvesting time. Local practice of drying theseaweed is by spreading it over a plastic sheet on the ground and exposing it to thesun. Unfortunately, such traditional practice of drying seaweed has led to increasedrisk of contamination of seaweed by dust and sand particles and other impurities.The quality of seaweed is influenced by the type of seedlings, harvesting age, andthe crucial process of drying. The local traditional working posture during drying issquatting and stooping to flatten and spread evenly the seaweed. Our preliminarystudy has shown that the farmers have had considerable musculoskeletal complaintsand fatigue with the seaweed quality being still relatively low.This study was conducted to examine the effects of changing the workers’working posture and limiting lift weight at 23 kg and introduced a 5-minute breakafter an-hour work with the aim to improve both workers’ performance and seaweedquality and productivity. This is an experimental study using a two-period crossoverdesign on 20 farmers of seaweed cultivation in the Ped Village of Nusa Penida.The results of our study showed that redesigning and changing the workers’working posture and working system improved the performance of seaweed farmersas revealed by the decrease of musculoskeletal complaints to 56.15% (p < 0.05); bydecrease in general fatigue to 50.84% (p < 0.05); by the increase in productivity to37.93% (p < 0.05), and by the increase in income to 41.62% (p < 0.05). The qualityof the dried seaweed was also improved as could be seen from the decrease in watercontent to 29.24% (p < 0.05) and decrease in impurities to 33.33% (p < 0.05).From our data it could be inferred that changing the workers’ working bodyposture and working system significantly improved both their performance and thequality of their product.

ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION IN ORGANIZATION AND WORK STATION INCREASES STUDENT’S WORK PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Sudiajeng, Lilik; Adiputra, N.; Manuaba, A.; Sutjana, D.P.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 4, No. 2 Juli 2010
Publisher : Udayana University

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Woodworking workshop could be hazardous to workers’ health, particularly when itis done improperly. Workers could be exposed to the following risks such as overexertion,repetitive motion, noise, dust, and chemicals that may threaten workers’ health; decreaseswork inefficiency and excessive strains due to inappropriate working condition or posture.This study was conducted to examine the effect of ergonomics intervention in the students’work performance and the efficiency of the electrical energy consumption at thewoodworking workshop of Bali State Polytechnic.This is an experimental study with pre and post test control group design. Subjectswere divided into 4 groups of students, each consisting of 10 students, all performing thesame task with different working condition: (1) the original working condition for controlgroup (CG); (2) a new organization for treatment group 1 (TG1); (3) a new work station fortreatment group 2 (TG2); and (4) both new organization and work station for treatmentgroup 3 (TG3). Normally distributed and equal data were analyzed by using the One WayAnova test and followed by the Post Hoc–LSD test, and the remaining data were analyzedby using the Kruskal Wallis test and followed by the Mann-Whitney test at the level ofsignificance ? = 0.05.Result showed that students’ work performance in TG1 increased in moderately,while those in TG2 and TG3 increased very considerably. Moreover, there was nosignificant increased of the efficiency of electrical energy consumption in TG1 (p > 0.05),but there were significant increased of electrical energy consumption of about 44.74% and107.89% respectively in TG2 and TG3 (p < 0.05). This gain were accompanied by savingcost of the electrical energy consumption of about 38.64% and 58.68% respectively. It alsoappeared that the increased students’ work performance and the efficiency of electricalenergy consumption were highest in TG3.In conclussion, it may be stated that comprehensive ergonomic intervention in boththe organization and work station in an effort to apply total ergonomic approach hasproduced the best effect in terms of increased students’ work performance and efficiency ofelectrical energy consumption at the woodworking workshop Bali State Polytechnic.

PENGARUH PENYIANGAN DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU KIMIAWI, MIKROBIOLOGIS DAN ORGANOLEPTIK IKAN TONGKOL (Auxis tharzard, Lac) Suranaya Pandit, I G.; Suryadhi, N. T.; Arka, I. B.; Adiputra, N.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 1, No. 3 Desember 2007
Publisher : Udayana University

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Ikan tongkol merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang dikonsumsi masyarakat dan jika dibiarkanpada suhu kamar, maka terjadi proses penurunan mutu menjadi busuk. Ikan yang sudah mengalami prosespembusukan, bila dikonsumsi dapat menimbulkan keracunan (Histamine fish poisoning). Keracunan inidisebabkan oleh kontaminasi bakteri pathogen dengan dekarboksilasi asam amino histidin oleh enzimhistidin dekarboksilase menghasilkan histamin. Bakteri ini banyak terdapat pada anggota tubuh manusiayang tidak higienis, kotoran/tinja, isi perut ikan, insang serta peralatan yang tidak bersih.Penelitian eksperimental dengan pola faktorial, yaitu faktor P adalah faktor penyiangan dengan 2 taraf,tanpa penyiangan dan penyiangan, sedangkan faktor T adalah suhu penyimpanan dengan 3 taraf yaitu suhupenyimpanan 30oC, 15oC dan 0oC.Analisis statistik terhadap mutu kimiawi seperti kadar histamin, kadar total volatil bases (TVB) dantrimetilamin (TMA) menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) pada pengaruh penyiangan dan suhupenyimpanan. Terjadi peningkatan kadar histamin, kadar TVB dan TMA selama penelitian. Selamapenelitian terjadi peningkatan jumlah koloni bakteri, jumlah Coliform, kecuali bakteri Vibrioparahaemolyticus negatif. Perlakuan penyiangan dan suhu penyimpanan 0oC memiliki mutu kimiawi,mikrobiologis terbaik sampai hari ke 10 serta masih diterima panelis.Hubungan antara kadar histamin dengan jumlah bakteri mempunyai hubungan sangat kuat, ditunjukkandengan nilai r ? 0,7 kecuali kadar histamin dengan waktu memiliki hubungan agak lemah r ? 0,5.Keamanan ikan tongkol dengan penerapan teknologi tepat guna berupa tanpa penyiangan danpenyiangan pada suhu 30oC hanya aman untuk dikonsumsi sampai hari ke 0. Perlakuan tanpa penyiangandan suhu penyimpanan 15oC aman sampai hari ke 4, sedangkan dengan penyiangan aman sampai hari ke 6.Untuk perlakuan tanpa penyiangan dan penyiangan dengan suhu penyimpanan 0oC aman sampai hari ke 10.

VARIES SHUTTLE RUN EXERCISE METHODS INCREASE AGILITY OF STUDENTS OF SMK NEGERI 2 TONDANO KABUPATEN MINAHASA Sarapung, M; Pangkahila, J. A.; Adiputra, N.; Adiatmika, IPG
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 6, No. 1 Januari 2012
Publisher : Udayana University

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ABSTRACT Achievment of Indonesian athletes at international level are only resting on badminton, archery, and weight lifting. Meanwhile, other sports do not exhibit encouraging achievement. Agility is one of the important factor on sports including group and individual sports. This is an experimental research with randomized pretest posttest conrol group design. Sample are 75 students recruited from SMK Negeri 2 Tondano Kabupaten Minahasa. Sample was grouped into 5 groups, each group composed of 15 students. The five groups observed were group 1 with treatment of 4 x 30 m shuttle run, group 2 treated with 8 x 15 m shuttle run, group 3 with 12 x 10 m shuttle run, group 4 within 16 x 7.5 m shuttle run, and the last is control group. Exercise was carried out for 6 weeks with a frequent of 3 time per week. Agility pre and posttest data were analysed using anova oneway followed by LSD Post Hoct Test at 5% significant level. This study obtained that there were a significant different among the five groups observed. Shuttle run exercise method with dose of 16x7.5 m increase the highest agility.

GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L. RIND EXTRACT AND PHYSICAL TRAINING REDUCE OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS DURING MAXIMAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Arsana, I N.; Adiputra, N.; Pangkahila, J. A.; Putra-Manuaba, and I. B.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol 7 No 2 (2013): IJBS Vol2 No2
Publisher : Udayana University

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Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance between the production of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, in which the levels of free radicals higher than antioxidants. One causes of oxidative stress is the maximum physical activity. Oxidative stress can be reduced by antioxidants. One source of antioxidants is mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L). This study aimed to investigate the role of mangosteen rind extract and physical training in reducing Malondialdehyde (MDA, increasing Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). This study used a randomized block design with factorial pattern of 6 x 2 with four repetitions. The first treatments are mangosteen rind extract with doses; 0, 50, 100; 200; 300, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight/day for four weeks. The second treatments are the physical training consists of; without and with physical training. MDA, SOD and GPx were assessed in the end of treatment. Data were analyzed with GLZ. The results showed that average of MDA, SOD and GPx different significantly (p<0.05) after administration of extracts as well as physical training. Extracts and physical training concurrently also showed effect significant (p<0.05). However, at doses 0 until 300 mg/kg bodyweight, MDA levels more higher while SOD and GPx lower significantly (p<0.05) at training group compared with without training. Whereas at dose 400 mg/kg bw, MDA lower at training (p>0.05), while SOD and GPx were recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher than the group without training. Overall, it could be concluded that physical training with administration of mangosteen rind extract reduce oxidative stress through reduction of MDA, as well as increased both SOD and GPx.

Ergonomic Intervention on the Stamping Process of Part Body Component Improved Work Quality and Satisfaction and Time Efficiency at the Stamping Plant Division of PT ADM Jakarta Isna Oesman, Titin; Manuaba, A.; Adiputra, N.; Sutjana, D.P.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 4, No. 1 Januari 2010
Publisher : Udayana University

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Part body component of a car is the finished product component that is mainlyproduced by the big press machine. In the production process of part body component of acar in the stamping plant division, the manual task is performed by two operators to feedingthe material sheet into the big press machine simultaneously. After the knobs were pressedtogether, the big press machine started to stamp the material sheet and the outcoming productis taken by the next operator. This task is performed repeatedly until it is the last one.Manual and comprehensive task that combined with speed in operating the big press machinecause who muscular tension which at the end could cause muscular complaints and prematurefatigue, that could decrease production and productivity.The current study of ergonomic intervention on stamping process of part bodycomponent of car was conducted in order to determine whether ergonomic intervention couldimprove the work quality, satisfaction and time efficiency in the stamping process.The subjects of study were 10 persons that were taken randomly. It was designedexperimentally with treatment by subject design. The method of data collection was byquestionnaire distribution and direct measurement of subject’s condition, time of stampingprocess and work environment before and after intervention. The Shapiro Wilk test showedthat all of the data had normal distribution and was followed by t-paired for data of workquality, work satisfaction, time efficiency, and the environment data. The significance level isset at 5%.The research result showed that work quality was improved (muscular complaints wasdecreased by 6,65%, fatigue was decreased by 5,47% and work boredom was decreased by5,87%), work satisfaction was improved up to 6,43%, time efficiency of stamping processwas improved up to 10,7%, the production was improved up to 2,59% and productivity wasimproved up to 32,65% as well as company’s profit was increased up to 3,95%.Hence, the study concludes that ergonomic intervention in the production process ofpart body component of car in the stamping plant division could improve work quality, worksatisfaction and time efficiency.

APPLYING BASIC ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF TEACHING-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN THE JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL Ardana, I G.N.; Manuaba, A.; Adiputra, N.; Sutajaya, M.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, No. 2 Mei 2011
Publisher : Udayana University

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This study was conducted at the relatively young public junior secondary school at the district of Abiansemal and Administrative Region of Badung (SMPN-3) now aspiring to obtain national accreditation. In this context, the need was felt for improving the teaching-learning environment particularly in the school’s classrooms which might be conducive to maximizing the educational input and student performance. We studied the impacts of applying basic ergonomic principles to the design of some physical facilities (including redesign of the tables and chairs) in the classroom aiming to remediate present perceived deficiencies. Our samples were selected by using the multistage simple random sampling technique; and a total of 81 subjects consisting of 43 male and 38 female, volunteer students were recruited. The statistical methods used include descriptive statistics, analysis of normality and comparability. Our findings implied that interior ergonomic design intervention has led to the following outcomes: enhancing the student performance by decreasing eye strain by 44.76%; musculoskeletal complaints by 50.98%; and boredom by 14.17%. The beneficial outcomes of our intervention appeared to be obvious.

PERBAIKAN KONDISI KERJA DENGAN PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI TOTAL MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL DAN KELELAHAN SERTA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN PENGHASILAN PERAJIN PENGECATAN LOGAM DI KEDIRI-TABANAN Adiatmika, I P G; Manuaba, A.; Adiputra, N.; Sutjana, D.P.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 1, No. 3 Desember 2007
Publisher : Udayana University

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Perubahan ekonomi dunia menuntut daya saing setiap perajin khususnya di Bali. Salah satudaya saing yang diusahakan adalah produksi tepat waktu. Produksi tepat waktu sebagianbesar dilakukan dengan kerja lembur seperti perajin pengecatan logam di Kediri Tabanan.Hal ini disebabkan produktivitas dan penghasilan mereka masih di bawah standar. Untuk itudperlukan suatu perbaikan dengan pendekatan ergonomi sehingga mampu bersaing,manusiawi dan berkelanjutan. Banyak perbaikan sudah dilakukan tetapi masih terjadimasalah sehingga diperlukan perbaikan secara komprehensif. Salah satu cara perbaikanadalah dengan melalui pendekatan ergonomi total. Tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruhpendekatan ergonomi total terhadap keluhan muskuloskeletal dan kelelahan sertaproduktivitas dan penghasilan perajin. Subyek penelitian adalah 24 karyawan pengecatankerajinan logam di Kediri Tabanan pada bulan September 2007 – Maret 2007 denganrancangan sama subyek. Kondisi kerja diperbaiki dengan model pendekatan ergonomi totalsehingga diperoleh bentuk perbaikan yang paling optimal. Hasil menunjukkan adapenurunan keluhan muskuloskeletal 5,53 % dan penurunan kelelahan 6,79 % secarabermakna (p<0,05). Produktivitas karyawan meningkat 61,36% dan penghasilan perajinmeningkat 55,29% secara bermakna (p<0,05). Perubahan yang terjadi sebagai dampak dariperbaikan kondisi kerja dengan model pendekatan ergonomi total lebih besar terjadi padaproduktivitas dan penghasilan. Disimpulkan pendekatan ergonomi total menurunkankeluhan muskuloskeletal dan kelelahan serta meningkatkan produktivitas dan penghasilanperajin. Disarankan untuk menerapkan model pendekatan ergonomi total pada industri yanglain dan mendorong partisipasi aktif karyawan dalam perbaikan kondisi kerja.

UNSAFE ACT AS THE RISK FACTORS OF ACCIDENTS IN USING MILL IN ROOF TILE INDUSTRY AT PEJATEN VILLAGE TABANAN REGENCY Sutjana, D.P.; Adiputra, N.
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Vol. 2, No. 1 Maret 2008
Publisher : Udayana University

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The use of mill and hand press machines had been increased the productivity ofroof tile home industry at Pejaten Village Tabanan Regency. But the increased ofproductivity followed by increased of working accidents. Many effort had been done toreduced the accident such as equipped the mill machine with machine’s cover, footprotective devices, and training to the new employees; but, the accident still happen.Although the incident of accident was lower but the disability was severed such as loss ofhand, loss oh finger, or other physical defects of the body part. Such physical defectscaused a serious effect on worker’s daily lives and social activities. To find out the unsafeacts as the risk factors of accident, a retrospective study was done using interview and onthe spot observation to the milling process. The results are found: there are three riskfactors contributed to the accidents, namely: the human factor, the tools and theenvironment. The human factor contributed highest one for the accident. From humanfactors it was found that there are many unsafe acts, such as: careless, going up to theupper inlet of mill to push mixing raw material with foot or hand, moving the millwithout turn off the machine, cleaning the mill without turn off the mill, taking out thestone which trapped the rollers using hand, operating the machine without guarding,working with tired condition, working without knowing the operation procedure, withouttraining, improver lighting, working without personal protective devices, etc. The highestincidents come from pushing the raw materials on inlet of mill in order to speed-up themilling process. To solve the problems some actions must be done such as providing themill with the appropriate equipments; by doing so, the operator can push the materialsafely to speed-up the mill process, turn off the machine before cleaning, appropriatetraining before operating of mill, using the personal protective devices, and doing goodhouse keeping and inspection, regularly.

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