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DARI WṚTRA KE WṚTA: PERUBAHAN NAMA SEEKOR NĀGA DAN PERANAN LAUT Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji; Hakim, Mohammad Taufiqul
Kebudayaan Vol 12, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Puslitjakdikbud Balitbang Kemdikbud

AbstractThe topic of this research is chosen to discover how the name of god Indra’s enemy in Sanskrit tradition, Wṛtra. The name of Wṛtra when transformed into Old Javanese tradition, change to be Wṛta. Both Wṛtra and Wṛta refer to the same figure, but each has the opposite meaning. Thus, this alteration name case, from Wṛtra to Wṛta cannot be seen as only apabhrāṣṭa ‘corrupted as a dialect’. Factors of these changes cannot be separated from the aspect of geography and the Javanese brahmin who adapted it, so the hermeneutics that focused on myth, narative, and telos changes that need to be applied. The method of this research use a hermeneutic approaches, compares narrative of The Wṛtrawadha Sanskrit version with The Java Kuna version, analyzing aspects of changes in the texts, and doing interpretation. This research result’s can be interpretated that there is a different condition between Javanese and Indian brahmin at that time regarding to the natural ecology. Due to the condition of Java that is surrounded by ocean, the name of Wṛta becomes more representative to describe the situationAbstrakTopik dari artikel ini dipilih dengan tujuan untuk menelusuri masalah perubahan nama musuh Dewa Indra di dalam tradisi Sanskerta, Wṛtra, yang ketika ditransformasi ke dalam tradisi Jawa Kuna, menjadi Wṛta. Baik Wṛtra maupun Wṛta mengacu kepada seorang tokoh yang sama, tetapi mempunyai arti yang saling berlawanan. Maka dari itu, perubahan nama dari Wṛtra ke Wṛta tidak dapat dipandang hanya sebagai apabhrāṣṭa ‘korup menjadi sebuah dialek’. Perubahan tersebut tidak dapat dipisahkan dari peran geografis dan brahmana Jawa yang mengadaptasinya, sehingga perlu diaplikasikan hermeneutika yang fokus pada mite, naratif, dan perubahan telos. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik, yakni membandingkan naratif Wṛtrawadha versi Sansekerta dengan versi Jawa Kuna, menganalisis aspek-aspek perubahan di dalamnya, dan melakukan interpretasi. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa brahmana Jawa memiliki perbedaan dengan brahmana India terkait dengan pemahaman ekologi alam. Ini karena alam Jawa dikelilingi oleh samudra, sehingga akan lebih representatif jika nama Wṛta digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan situasi tersebut.

DARI WÃ¡Â¹Å¡TRA KE WÃ¡Â¹Å¡TA: PERUBAHAN NAMA SEEKOR NÃ„â‚¬GA DAN PERANAN LAUT Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji; Hakim, Mohammad Taufiqul
Kebudayaan Vol 12 No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Puslitjakdikbud Balitbang Kemdikbud

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24832/jk.v12i1.168

AbstractThe topic of this research is chosen to discover how the name of god Indraâ??s enemy in Sanskrit tradition, Wá¹?tra. The name of Wá¹?tra when transformed into Old Javanese tradition, change to be Wá¹?ta. Both Wá¹?tra and Wá¹?ta refer to the same figure, but each has the opposite meaning. Thus, this alteration name case, from Wá¹?tra to Wá¹?ta cannot be seen as only apabhrÄá¹£á¹a â??corrupted as a dialectâ??. Factors of these changes cannot be separated from the aspect of geography and the Javanese brahmin who adapted it, so the hermeneutics that focused on myth, narative, and telos changes that need to be applied. The method of this research use a hermeneutic approaches, compares narrative of The Wá¹?trawadha Sanskrit version with The Java Kuna version, analyzing aspects of changes in the texts, and doing interpretation. This research resultâ??s can be interpretated that there is a different condition between Javanese and Indian brahmin at that time regarding to the natural ecology. Due to the condition of Java that is surrounded by ocean, the name of Wá¹?ta becomes more representative to describe the situationAbstrakTopik dari artikel ini dipilih dengan tujuan untuk menelusuri masalah perubahan nama musuh Dewa Indra di dalam tradisi Sanskerta, Wá¹?tra, yang ketika ditransformasi ke dalam tradisi Jawa Kuna, menjadi Wá¹?ta. Baik Wá¹?tra maupun Wá¹?ta mengacu kepada seorang tokoh yang sama, tetapi mempunyai arti yang saling berlawanan. Maka dari itu, perubahan nama dari Wá¹?tra ke Wá¹?ta tidak dapat dipandang hanya sebagai apabhrÄá¹£á¹a â??korup menjadi sebuah dialekâ??. Perubahan tersebut tidak dapat dipisahkan dari peran geografis dan brahmana Jawa yang mengadaptasinya, sehingga perlu diaplikasikan hermeneutika yang fokus pada mite, naratif, dan perubahan telos. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik, yakni membandingkan naratif Wá¹?trawadha versi Sansekerta dengan versi Jawa Kuna, menganalisis aspek-aspek perubahan di dalamnya, dan melakukan interpretasi. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa brahmana Jawa memiliki perbedaan dengan brahmana India terkait dengan pemahaman ekologi alam. Ini karena alam Jawa dikelilingi oleh samudra, sehingga akan lebih representatif jika nama Wá¹?ta digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan situasi tersebut.

READING SĪTĀ’S LETTER ON OLD JAVANESE RĀMĀYAṆA KAKAWIN ON THE BASIS OF CANDRAKIRAṆA AS PROSODIC TREATISE Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah
POETIKA Vol 9, No 2 (2021): Issue 2
Publisher : Literary Studies, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/poetika.v9i2.60737

The study presented in this article focuses on the signification of the poetic metres and the theory of rasa expounded in Candrakiraṇa, a guide to the composition of kakawin that is preserved in the scriptoriums of mountains. The use of the poetic metres and theory of rasa was examined in the text of Sītā’s letter to Rāma that was taken from the Rāmāyaṇa Kakawin. It was carried out on the three manuscripts of Candrakiraṇa preserved by the National Library of Indonesia (PNRI). The findings show that the use of śārdūlawikriḍita metre in Sītā’s letters results in a form of signification for particular aesthetic experiences (rasa), namely karuṇa (sympathy), bhayānaka (concern), śānta (peace) and śṛṅgara (love). Tulisan ini berfokus pada metrum dan teori rasa sebagai sarana pemaknaan yang dimuat dalam Candrakiraṇa, sebuah pedoman penulisan kakawin yang diwariskan di skriptorium-skriptorium pegunungan. Metrum dan teori rasa tersebut dikaji penggunaannya dalam surat Sītā kepada Rāma yang terkandung dalam Kakawin Rāmāyaṇa. Kajian ini melibatkan tiga manuskrip yang merupakan koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metrum śārdūlawikriḍita yang digunakan pada surat Sīta menunjukkan bentuk pemaknaan untuk pengalaman-pengalaman estetika (rasa) tertentu, yaitu karuṇa (belas kasihan), bhayānaka (kekhawatiran), śānta (damai) dan śṛṅgara (cinta).

TIPE HUMOR DALAM CERITA-CERITA PENDEK GUNAWAN TRI ATMODJO Anwar, Saeful; Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji
Dialektika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Indonesia Language and Literature Teaching, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/dialektika.v11i1.35157

Gunawan Tri Atmodjo's short stories are considered by many readers present humour. Many impressions are written by readers on the humorous aspect, but there is still no study that describes the humour aspect in these stories. Therefore, this study examines the types of humour in Atmodjo's stories based on a number of humour theories in literary works as presented by Louis Hasley and Matthew Kotzen. From the results of the study, it was found that there are three types of humour in Atmodjo's short stories, namely play, the formation of new words and expressions, and irony in the story. In compiling the story Atmodjo often uses the principle of deviation in normal situations. This can be seen from how he punctuates the names of the characters and the title of the work, the formation of words and expressions, and the irony in the story. These three things are built in conditions that are far from normal, both in terms of ethics (names and titles are messy and irony in the stories) and grammatical (on how words and expressions are formed). In this way, Atmodjo managed to free his readers from the emotional aspect that had been limited by ethics and grammar. Atmodjo thus consciously carried out the selection process (choosing characters and titles to play on), arranging (forming new words and expressions and arranging ironic plots), and using style (in summarizing these three things) so that the humour can be experienced and enjoyed by the reader. without leaving a message to be conveyed. The three types of humour in Atmodjo's short stories are not separate, but they support each other to build humour in the minds of the readers.

Human-Animal Relationships from the Perspective of Deleuze-Guattari: Ecocriticism Approach to Short Stories in Kompas.id Fadhilla, Indah; Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji; Wahyunengsih, Wahyunengsih
Aksara Vol 37, No 1 (2025): AKSARA, EDISI JUNI 2025
Publisher : Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29255/aksara.v37i1.4855.77-91

This study aims to analyse the transformation of animal narratives in short stories published in Kompas.id between 2020 and 2023, with a focus on the relationship between humans and animals. Animal stories, which were previously positioned as a medium for moral education for children in Indonesia, have now developed into a medium for criticising the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. Data was collected through a literature study by searching and archiving animal-themed short stories published in Kompas.id during the period. The data analysis technique used was textual analysis with a philosophical interpretation, using Deleuze and Guattari's theory, particularly the concepts of becoming-animal and Body without Organs (BwO). This study analyses five short stories, namely Macan (2020), Histeinalbtraum (2020), Riwayat Seekor Babi (2021), Monyet Pemetik Teh (2022), and Doa Burung-burung (2022). These short stories depict the transformation of animal narratives through allegories laden with social and political meanings. This study reveals the complex dynamics in human-animal relations, while challenging social norms and hierarchies in Indonesian literature. The findings of this study offer a new reading of animal narratives as a medium of ecological criticism that exposes social, cultural, and political tensions in the context of contemporary literature. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis transformasi narasi binatang dalam cerpen-cerpen yang dipublikasikan di Kompas.id antara tahun 2020 hingga 2023, dengan fokus pada relasi manusia dan hewan. Kisahan binatang yang sebelumnya diposisikan sebagai media pendidikan moral bagi anak-anak di Indonesia kini berkembang menjadi medium kritik terhadap relasi manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka dengan menelusuri dan mengarsipkan cerpen-cerpen bertema binatang yang diterbitkan di Kompas.id selama periode tersebut. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis tekstual dengan interpretasi filosofis, menggunakan teori Deleuze dan Guattari, khususnya konsep becoming-animal dan Body without Organs (BwO). Penelitian ini menganalisis lima cerpen yaitu Macan (2020), Histeinalbtraum (2020), Riwayat Seekor Babi (2021), Monyet Pemetik Teh (2022), dan Doa Burung-burung (2022). Cerpen ini menggambarkan transformasi narasi binatang melalui alegori yang sarat muatan sosial dan politik. Penelitian ini mengungkap dinamika kompleks dalam relasi manusia-hewan, sekaligus menantang norma-norma sosial dan hierarki dalam sastra Indonesia. Temuan penelitian ini menawarkan pembacaan baru atas narasi binatang sebagai medium kritik ekologis yang menyingkap ketegangan sosial, budaya, dan politik dalam konteks sastra kontemporer.

TIPE HUMOR DALAM CERITA-CERITA PENDEK GUNAWAN TRI ATMODJO Anwar, Saeful; Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji
Dialektika: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Department of Indonesia Language and Literature Teaching, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/dialektika.v11i1.35157

Gunawan Tri Atmodjo's short stories are considered by many readers present humour. Many impressions are written by readers on the humorous aspect, but there is still no study that describes the humour aspect in these stories. Therefore, this study examines the types of humour in Atmodjo's stories based on a number of humour theories in literary works as presented by Louis Hasley and Matthew Kotzen. From the results of the study, it was found that there are three types of humour in Atmodjo's short stories, namely play, the formation of new words and expressions, and irony in the story. In compiling the story Atmodjo often uses the principle of deviation in normal situations. This can be seen from how he punctuates the names of the characters and the title of the work, the formation of words and expressions, and the irony in the story. These three things are built in conditions that are far from normal, both in terms of ethics (names and titles are messy and irony in the stories) and grammatical (on how words and expressions are formed). In this way, Atmodjo managed to free his readers from the emotional aspect that had been limited by ethics and grammar. Atmodjo thus consciously carried out the selection process (choosing characters and titles to play on), arranging (forming new words and expressions and arranging ironic plots), and using style (in summarizing these three things) so that the humour can be experienced and enjoyed by the reader. without leaving a message to be conveyed. The three types of humour in Atmodjo's short stories are not separate, but they support each other to build humour in the minds of the readers.

Pendampingan Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Populer Berbasis Manuskrip Jawa bagi Anggota Komunitas Jangkah Nusantara Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji; Habibah, Nurmalia
Bakti Budaya: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada masyarakat Vol 5 No 1 (2022): 2022: Edisi 1
Publisher : Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bakti.4079

The Jangkah Nusantara Community is one of the manuscript-loving communities that has successfully launched a website with the address Jangkah.id. The site has several menus in the form of news, popular articles, information about scriptoriums, manuscript researchers, etc. This web is certainly useful, for the community itself and also for people in general, as a source of information that can distribute knowledge related to ancient manuscripts and their contents. However, since its launching, not many posts have been accessible in it. The approach to community stakeholder results in finding the problem that the members of the community still find it difficult to write popular article on the website. At the same time, they also have difficulties in reading Javanese sources. For these reasons, community service activities are conducted in two forms of training, namely: (1) Translation Class; and (2) Popular Writing Class, by inviting competent speakers/presenters. The objectives of these activities are (1) to develop the potential of the members of the Jangkah Nusantara Community as actors in the recontextualization of Javanese manuscript studies to wider community; and (2) to initiate internal community activities that aim at increasing the knowledge and capacity of its members. ==== Komunitas Jangkah Nusantara adalah salah satu komunitas pecinta naskah yang telah berhasil meluncurkan situs web dengan alamat jangkah.id. Situs tersebut memiliki beberapa bilik berupa berita, tulisan populer, informasi tentang skriptorium, sosok-sosok peneliti naskah, dll. Web ini tentu bermanfaat bagi masyarakat sebagai sumber informasi yang dapat mendistribusikan pengetahuan terkait manuskrip-manuskrip kuno dan juga isinya. Akan tetapi, semenjak situs web itu diluncurkan, tidak banyak tulisan yang dapat diakses. Pendekatan terhadap stake holder komunitas menghasilkan temuan masalah bahwa para anggotanya merasa masih kesulitan dalam mewujudkan tulisan populer di situs web. Secara bersamaan, mereka juga memiliki kendala dalam membaca sumber-sumber berbahasa Jawa. Untuk itu, kegiatan pengabdian diwujudkan ke dalam dua bentuk pelatihan, yaitu: (1) Kelas Alih Bahasa; dan (2) Kelas Menulis Populer, dengan mendatangkan narasumber/pemateri yang kompeten. Adapun tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah (1) mengembangkan potensi anggota Komunitas Jangkah Nusantara sebagai aktor rekontekstualisasi studi manuskrip Jawa ke masyarakat secara luas; dan (2) menginisiasi kegiatan-kegiatan intern komunitas yang sifatnya untuk meningkatkan keilmuan dan kapasitas dari anggotanya.

Sanskrit educational texts in Kawi culture; The case of the "Kārakasaṁgraha" Aminullah, Zakariya Pamuji; Rahayu, Yosephin Apriastuti
Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia Vol. 26, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This article provides a revised critical edition and annotated translation of the Kārakasaṁgraha, a Sanskrit grammatical treatise as it has been preserved in Balinese manuscripts. The work is a synthesis of Indian grammatical traditions, notably including aspects of both Pāṇinian and Kātantra systems, which was probably recomposed in the premodern Indonesian archipelago. While its Sanskrit matrix is witness to local adaptation, the interspersed Old Javanese commentaries also show a striking reframing of grammatical discourse in ritual and cosmological idioms. Rather than merely clarifying rules of language, the glosses link grammatical analysis to devotional practice and calendrical systems, presaging a broader epistemological transformation. The study argues that the Kārakasaṁgraha was not just a pedagogical text but also a ritual-linguistic manual, blurring the lines between grammar, spirituality, and cosmology. This dual concern offers new insights into the vernacularization of Sanskrit in Southeast Asia and demonstrates the creative intellectual gestures of Old Javanese intellectuals in sacralizing linguistic knowledge.

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