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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI INDONESIA Jurnal Riset Kimia KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Makara Journal of Science Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia

Budi Arifin

Department Of Chemistry, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor 16680

Author-ID : 232612

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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PERILAKU DISOLUSI KETOPROFEN DAN INDOMETASIN FARNESIL TERSALUT GEL KITOSAN-GOM GUAR Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Srijanto, Bambang; arifin, budi; amelia, fithri; mubarok, mahdi
Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi

Chitosan, a modification of shrimp-shell waste, has been utilized as microcapsule. However, it’s fragile gel property needs to be strengthened by adding glutaraldehyde (glu) and natural hydrocolloid guar gum (gg). This research’s purposes were to study dissolution behaviour of ketoprofen and infar through optimum chitosan-guar gum microcapsule. Into 228.6 mL of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid,38.1 mL of gg solution was added with concentration variation of 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75% (w/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules and 0.05, 0.19, and 0.33% (w/v) for infar microcapsules, and stirred with magnetic stirrer until homogenous. Afterwards, 7.62mL of glu was added slowly under stirring, with concentrations varied: 3, 3.5, and 4% (v/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules, and 4, 4.5, and 5% (v/v) for infar microcapsules. All mixtures were shaked for 20 minutes for homogenization. All mixtures wereshaked for 20 minutes for homogenization. Into each microcapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added, whereas solution of 100 mg of in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added into each microcapsule mixture for infar. Every mixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Everymixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. The data of [gg], [glu], and medicine’s content from each microcapsule were treated with Minitab 14 software to obtain optimum [gg] and [glu] for microencapsulation. The dissolution behaviour of optimum ketoprofen and infar microcapsules were investigated. The result of optimization by using Minitab Release 14 software showed that among the microcapsule compositions of [gg] and [glu] were 0.35% (w/v) and 3.75% (v/v), respectively, optimum to coat ketoprofen, whereas [gg] and [glu] of 0.05% (w/v) and4.00% (v/v), respectively, optimum to coat infar, at constant chitosan concentration (1.75% [w/v]). In vitro dissolution profile showed that chitosan-guar gum gel microcapsule was more resistant in intestinal pH condition (rather basic) compared with that in gastric pH (very acidic).

Perilaku Disolusi Ketoprofen dan Indometasin Farnesil Tersalut Gel Kitosan-GG Purwantiningsih Sugita; Achmad Sjahriza; Bambang Srijanto; Budi Arifin
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (687.004 KB)

Chitosan, a modification of shrimp-shell waste, has been utilized as microcapsule. However, it's fragile gel property needs to be strengthened by adding glutaraldehyde (glu) and natural hydrocolloid guar gum (gg). This research's purposes were to determine rheological properties of chitosan-guar gum gel, to study diffusion and dissolution behaviour of ketoprofen and infar through optimum chitosan-guar gum gel membrane and microcapsule, respectively, and to test the coating stability of both medicines by the gel microcapsules, which are new drug's preparation, to determine their shelf lives and to predict the degradation mechanisms. This research was designed in six (6) steps: (1) chitin isolation and chitosan synthesis; (2) synthesis and optimization of chitosan-guar gum gel membrane; (3) in vitro study of ketoprofen and infar diffusion behaviour through the optimum membrane; (4) synthesis and optimization of chitosan-guar gum gel microcapsule to coat ketoprofen and infar; (5) in vitro study of ketoprofen and infar dissolution behaviour from the optimum microcapsule; and (6) physical and chemical microcapsule stability test using relative humidity (RH) and temperature controlled climatic chamber method. Studies on ketoprofen diffusion through chitosan-guar gum membrane showed that the formation of membrane small pores were appeared to be caused by membrane swelling, which was supported by the forcing force resulted from the difference of ketoprofen concentrations in the diffusion cells and from the temperature increase. This unique pore opening process is excellent for drug delivery process as a microcapsule. Spray drying process had successfully coated ketoprofen and infar in chitosan-guar gum microcapsule. Optimization by using Minitab Release 14 software showed that among the microcapsule compositions studied, [gg] and [glu] of 0.35% (w/v) and 3.75% (v/v), respectively were optimum to coat ketoprofen, whereas [gg] and [glu] of 0.05% (w/v) and 4.00% (v/v), respectively were optimum to coat infar, at constant chitosan concentration (1.75% [w/v]). In vitro dissolution profile showed that chitosan-guar gum gel microcapsule was more resistant in intestinal pH condition (rather basic) compared with that in gastric pH (very acidic). From stability test, formulation of ketoprofen preparation composed of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan, 0.35% (w/v) gg, and 3.50% (v/v) glu, was relatively the best, ·with ketoprofen percentage left in microcapsule after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of of 80.33%, 0.0351 % week-1 and 18.92 months, respectively. The degradation of ketoprofen was seem to follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by the formation and growth of reaction core. In the other hand, the formulation with composition of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan, 0.19% (w/v) gg, and 5.00% (v/v) glu, was relatively the best microcapsule, with infar percentage left in microcapsule after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 77.67%, 0.0008 %-2 week-1 , and 4.28 week or about 30 days, respectively. The degradation of infar was presumably caused by hydrolysis. Keywords: Chitosan-guar gum, diffusion, dissolution, stability

Transformation of Eugenol and Safrole into Hydroxychavicol Budi Arifin; Dumas Flis Tang; Suminar Setiati Achmadi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Hydroxychavicol is found in betel leaf at low concentration and is reported to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimutagenic activities. This study aimed to synthesize hydroxychavicol from eugenol and safrole. Isolation of eugenol from clove oil by alkaline extraction method gave 71% yield, while the isolation of safrole from lawang oil by alkaline extraction method, followed by purification using preparative thin layer chromatography, gave 7% yield. Eugenol demethylation and safrole demethylenation with AlCl3 reagent were successfully produced hydroxychavicol. The yields were 28% and 24%, respectively. Mechanisms of the synthesis are proposed in this article.

DIFFUSION BEHAVIOR OF KETOPROFEN THROUGH CHITOSAN-ALGINATE MEMBRANES Purwantiningsih Sugita; Rini Siswati Asnel; Budi Arifin; Tuti Wukirsari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 3 (2010)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Chitosan-alginate membrane diffusion behavior has been investigated for its application in drugs delivery system. Ketoprofen diffusion behavior assay were performed at 37 and 42 °C to membrane thickness (h) and donor cell concentration of ketoprofen variations (A). The results showed that equilibrium concentrations (Cs) of ketoprofen equation was 27.0087 + 0.09067T - 1.7499h + 0.1030A + 0.0161h2 - 0.0022A2 + 0.0040Th - 0.0018TA + 0.0095hA. The value of Cs was closer to the expected therapy concentration at 50 and 75 mg/L with thin membrane (10-34 μm). Based on Higuchi equation, the model for J and D were J = 11.0849 - 0.2713T - 0.3132h - 0.7461Cs - 0.0096A - 0.0001h2 - 0.0131Cs2 + 0.0002A2 + 0.0084Th + 0.0275TCs - 0.0018TA - 0.0059hCs + 0.0021hA + 0.0037CsA with R2 = 97.9% and D = -12.5000 + 0.2266T + 0.1313h + 0.1538Cs + 0.1200A - 0.0009h2 + 0.0240 Cs2 - 0.0009A2 + 0.0015Th - 0.0150 TCs - 0.0011TA - 0.0096hCs + 0.0004hA + 0.0039CsA with R2 = 98.7%, respectively. The two dimensional contour maps of J versus A and h, both at 37 and 42 °C, showed an increasing of J value as A, h, or T increased.

STABILITY OF KETOPROFEN COATED BY CHITOSAN-GUAR GUM GEL Purwantiningsih Sugita; Bambang Srijanto; Budi Arifin; Ellin Vina Setyowati
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 3 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The coating stability of ketoprofen by chitosan-guar gum gel has been studied. Into 228.6 mL of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 38.1 mL of guar gum (gg) solution was added with concentration variation of 0.35, 0.55, and 0.75% (w/v) for ketoprofen microcapsules, and stirred with magnetic stirrer until homogenous. Afterwards, 7.62 mL of glutaraldehyde (glu) was added slowly under stirring, with concentrations varied: 3, 3.5, and 4% (v/v). All mixtures were shaked for 20 min for homogenization. Into each microcapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added. Every mixture was then added with 5 mL of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature. Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. Every microcapsule formula was packed into capsules, as much as 100 g per capsule. The capsules were contained in 100-mL dark bottles and the bottles were kept in climatic chamber at (40 ± 2) °C and RH (75 ± 5) % for 3 months. The microcapsule stabilities were tested chemically and physically. The result showed that formulation of ketoprofen preparation composed of 1.75% (w/v) chitosan, 0.35% (w/v) gg, and 3.50% (v/v) glu, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen percentage left in microcapsule after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 80.33%, 0.0351 % week-1, and 18.92 months, respectively. Reaction kinetic model for this formula followed Prout-Tompkins equation and the degradation of ketoprofen was seem to follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by the formation and growth of reaction core.

Blended Film from PVA and Sansevieria trifasciata Dichloromethane Fraction for Reducing Heat Radiation from Smartphones Ilmiawati, Auliya; Pujiyati,; Hidayat, Asep; Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Irfana, Luthfan; Arifin, Budi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

It has been reported that the lidah mertua plant (Sansevieria trifasciata) can absorb electromagnetic radiation from vari-ous electronic equipment. The current study aimed to make a film layer from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a dichloro-methane (DCM) fraction of S. trifasciatato reduce heat radiation from smartphones. S. trifasciataleaves were macer-ated using ethanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, DCM, and n-butanol. The DCM fraction was chosen to create the film, for which PVA was also used. The blended film made from PVA and 0.02% DCM reduced heat radiation from smartphones by up to 4.4 °C starting from the first minute of use; its heat reduction remained stable until the 20th mi-nute. Based on these results, it was determined that the active compounds in the DCM fraction are closely related to saponin-type steroids.

Identifikasi Senyawa Fraksi Larut n-Heksana Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val) Menggunakan LC-MS/MS dan Review Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri: Identification of Compounds Soluble n-Hexane Fraction of Rhizome of Temu Mangga (Curcuma mango Val) Using LC-MS/MS and Review of its Potential as Antibacterial Purwantinigsih Sugita; Risda Fardilya Nihayah; Moch Ikkbal Aditya Kasmaran; Gustini Syahbirin; Auliya Ilmiawati; Budi Arifin; Luthfan Irfana
KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 8 No. 2 (2022): August Edition
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15897

Plants are like the pharmaceutical industry that provides products that have the potential as active medicinal ingredients. In order to search for compounds useful for health, the purpose of this study was to identify secondary metabolites of Curcuma mango (temu mango) growing in the experimental garden of Biopharmaca LPPM IPB and review its activity as antibacterial. Identification begins with phytochemical screening, then separation and purification by chromatographic techniques. Intersection mango simplicia was extracted with methanol, and the crude extract of methanol was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The n-hexane soluble fraction was carried out by phytochemical tests, fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography (KCV) and radial (KR), and the selected fractions was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The results of the phytochemical test of the soluble n-hexane fraction showed a positive presence of alkaloids and terpenoids through successive tests with Mayer, Wagner, Dragendorff (alkaloid), and Lieberman-Burchard reagents. Fractionation of the n-hexane soluble fraction with KCV resulted in 9 fractions (H1-H9) and the H5 fraction showed good separation between spots in the n-hexane: ethyl acetate eluent mixture (97:3). Purification of H5 with KR obtained 7 fractions (H5.1-H5.7). Based on LC-MS/MS, the H5.2 fraction was dominated by the terpenoid group, and the results of the literature review showed the contribution of terpenoids as antibacterial compounds

Films from PVA and Sansevieria trifasciata Leaves Extracts as a Smartphone Protector with Radiation Reducing Property and Its LC-MS Analysis Auliya Ilmiawati; Melinia Falestin; Akhiruddin Maddu; Luthfan Irfana; Purwantiningsih Sugita; Budi Arifin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.76809

Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law's tongue), an ornamental plant widely found in Indonesia, can absorb electromagnetic radiation in various electronic devices. This study aims to find the best S. trifasciata extract as an electromagnetic and thermal radiation reducer emitted from a smartphone. S. trifasciata leaves were macerated using ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane. The extract was mixed with PVA as a film and tested for electromagnetic radiation using a radiation measuring device type GM-3120. Thermal radiation was tested using a temperature sensor (PASCO CI-6505B) connected to a PASCO 550 Universal Interface. All smartphone protective films decreased radiation from the smartphone, and the acetone extract caused the most significant radiation decrease, with the best results at a concentration of 5%. An S. trifasciata extract contained alkaloids, saponins, steroids, phenolics, and tannins based on the phytochemical tests. Based on LC-MS data, the dominant compounds identified from the three extracts of S. trifasciata is a group of alkaloids, fatty acid, and steroid. The functional groups that are thought to play a role in reducing radiation are the C-O, C=O, and C-OH functional groups. A compound that is thought to contribute to the reduction in radiation is neuroscogenin, a steroid group.

Synthesis of Bromo Eugenol Derivatives with Molecular Bromine Verucha Fauzia Putri; Purwantiningsih Sugita; Budi Arifin
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 6 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 6 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.6.271-277

The bromination of eugenol using molecular bromine (Br2) has been widely reported. However, the outcomes have been inconsistent, and as a result, the specific steps of the bromination process have not been definitively established. This research aims to synthesize various derivatives of bromo eugenol, incorporating bromine atoms either in the alkene group, the aromatic ring, or both. The synthetic approaches employed include: (1) direct bromination of eugenol using 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 equivalents (equiv) of Br2 in chloroform, (2) bromination of eugenyl benzoate with 2.4 equiv of Br2 in chloroform, and (3) debromination of the 1,2-dibromide functionality in selected bromination products using an excess of zinc in ethanol. The bromination steps of eugenol were then proposed based on the composition of the products obtained. Alkene bromination of eugenol predominated with 1.2 equiv of Br2, followed by aromatic bromination with excess Br2 (2.4 and 3.6 equiv). Aromatic substitution primarily occurred at position 6 (ortho to the hydroxyl group) and subsequently at position 5 (para to the methoxy group). Based on these results, we propose that the bromination of eugenol with Br2 proceeds initially through electrophilic addition to the alkene group, followed by electrophilic substitution on the aromatic ring. Protection of the phenol as a benzoyl ester shifted the regioselectivity of the first aromatic bromination from position 6 to 5. Furthermore, the 1,2-dibromide group has been successfully removed by zinc, resulting in derivatives containing bromine atoms only at the aromatic ring. This is by far the first comprehensive report on the bromination of eugenol with Br2 and the first one reporting the bromination of alkene as the main route of bromination with a nearly equimolar amount of Br2.

Selection of Four Lamiaceae Species (Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Leucas lavandulifolia Sm., and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) as Antioxidant Sources and Metabolite Profile Wati, Vivi Septya; Batubara, Irmanida; Arifin, Budi; Priosoeryanto, Bambang Pontjo; Kuroki, Yutaka
Molekul Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.2.13140

ABSTRACT. The Lamiaceae family which are widely used in traditional medicine in Indonesia. Plants from this family are known to have antioxidant bioactivity. Therefore, in this study, an antioxidant test was carried out first as an initial screening. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of four Lamiaceae species: Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum basilicum L., Leucas lavandulifolia Sm., and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton. The four Lamiaceae species extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The highest activity extract was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water, and the results were tested for antioxidant capacity. The most active extract and most active fraction were analyzed for metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that the ethanol 50% leaves extracts of O. americanum L. have the highest antioxidant capacity of about 0.439 (DPPH); 1.517 (CUPRAC); and 1.021 (FRAP) mmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract. The highest antioxidant capacity from the partition results was possessed by the ethyl acetate fraction with a value of 1.109 (DPPH); 1.540 (CUPRAC); and 1.551 (FRAP) mmol AAE/g fraction. Metabolite analysis using LC-MS/MS succeeded in identifying 18 metabolites consisting of flavonoids, terpenoids, amino acids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and other carboxylic acids. Keywords: Antioxidant, Leucas lavandulifolia, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum basilicum, Perilla frutescens

Co-Authors Achmad Sjahriza Akhiruddin Maddu Asep Hidayat Asep Hidayat Auliya Ilmiawati Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto Bambang Srijanto Bambang Srijanto Bambang Srijanto Dumas Flis Tang Ellin Vina Setyowati fithri amelia Gustini Syahbirin Gustini Syahbirin Irmanida Batubara Kuroki, Yutaka Luthfan Irfana mahdi mubarok Melinia Falestin Moch Ikkbal Aditya Kasmaran Muhamad Alif Hamimdal Nada, Nida Kotrun Pajri Samsi Nasution Pujiyati Pujiyati Pujiyati, Purwantinigsih Sugita Purwantiningsih Sugita Purwantiningsih Sugita Purwantiningsih Sugita Rini Siswati Asnel Risda Fardilya Nihayah SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI Tetty Kemala Tuti Wukirsari Verucha Fauzia Putri Wati, Vivi Septya

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