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Transesterifikasi In Situ Biji Jarak: Pengaruh Kadar Air dan Ukuran Partikel Bahan terhadap Rendemen dan Kualitas Biodiesel Ika Amalia Kartika; Sri Yuliani; Danu Ariono; Sugiarto Sugiarto
agriTECH Vol 31, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The objective of this study was to investigate in situ transesterification process allowing to realize directly biodiesel production from jatropha seeds. The influence of moisture content (0.5, 2, 3 and 4 %) and particle size (10, 20 and 35 mesh) of jatropha seeds was examined to determine the best performance of the biodiesel production yield and its quality. Generally, the moisture content and particle size of jatropha seeds affected biodiesel production yield. An increase of biodiesel production yield was observed as moisture content and particle size of jatropha seeds were decreased. Highest biodiesel production yield (71 %) was obtained under seed moisture content of 0.5 % and particle size of 35 mesh. Effect of the moisture content and particle size of jatropha seeds on biodiesel quality was less important. In all experiments tested, the biodiesel quality was very good. The acid value was below 0.3 mg KOH/g of biodiesel, water and sediment content was very poor (< 0.05 %), viscosity was low (< 3.5 cSt), soap and ester values were high (> 210 mg KOH/g of biodiesel). In addition, quality of biodiesel produced under optimum process condition was in accord with Indonesian Biodiesel Standard.ABSTRAKKegiatan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses produksi biodiesel secara langsung dari biji jarak melalui proses transesterifikasi in situ. Parameter kondisi proses yang dipelajari adalah pengaruh kadar air (0,5, 2, 3 dan 4 %) dan ukuran partikel bahan (10, 20 dan 35 mesh) terhadap rendemen biodiesel dan kualitasnya. Kadar air dan ukuranpartikel bahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen biodiesel. Semakin kecil kadar air dan ukuran partikel bahan, rendemen biodiesel dan efektifitas proses transesterifikasi in situ biji jarak semakin meningkat. Rendemen biodiesel tertinggi (71 %) dihasilkan dari perlakuan kadar air dan ukuran partikel bahan 0,5 % dan 35 mesh. Biodiesel yangdihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi in situ biji jarak mempunyai bilangan asam, viskositas, air dan sedimen yang relatif rendah, yaitu 0,27 mg KOH/g biodiesel, < 3,5 cSt dan < 0,05 %, serta memenuhi Standar Biodiesel Indonesia. Pengaruh kadar air dan ukuran partikel bahan terhadap air dan sedimen, bilangan asam dan viskositas biodiesel tidaksignifikan untuk seluruh perlakuan yang diuji pada penelitian ini. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan dari proses transesterifikasi in situ biji jarak juga mempunyai bilangan penyabunan dan ester yang cukup tinggi, yaitu > 210 mg KOH/g biodiesel. Ukuran partikel bahan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bilangan penyabunan dan ester biodiesel, sedangkan kadar airbahan menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata.

Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Bahan Alami Terhadap Laju Oksidasi Minyak Kelapa Danu Ariono; Maxs Christian; Philip Irfan; Sri Mulyani Suharno; Aisya Tamara
Reaktor Volume 17 No. 3 September 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Abstract THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL EXTRACT TO THE COCONUT OIL OXIDATION RATE. Indonesia's coconut plantation is the largest in the world, with a share of 31.2% of the total coconut plantation area in the world. One of the products from coconut is coconut oil. However, coconut oil has a short storage time. Therefore, this experiment aims to estimate and optimize the storage time of coconut oil. The coconut oil used as the experimental sample was an oil made by traditional method. The coconut oils tested in this experiment included coconut oil, plus carrots, pineapple extracts of 10 and 30% -v/v, 10 and 30% -v/v young papaya, and 10 and 30% -v/v tomatoes. The mixture of coconut oil and carrot pieces was stored in light and dark glass bottles, while the mixture of coconut oil and liquid extract was stored only in dark glass bottles. The estimation method of storage time was based on literature values of acid number and peroxide number approximated by equation regression method and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The experimental results showed that the storage time of coconut oil was 37-41 days for blank oil (in light and dark glass bottles), 50-51 days for the addition of carrot cuts in bright glass bottles, 56-57 days for the addition of carrot carrot cuts in glass bottles dark, 41-45 days for addition of pineapple liquid extract 10% -v/v, 30-32 days for 30% -v/v, 63-64 days for the addition of young papaya 10% -v/v, 55-62 days for 30% -v/v, 24-27 days for tomato liquid extract 10% -v/v, and 17-21 days for 30% -v/v. Keywords: natural antioxidant; artificial neural network; acid number; peroxide number; coconut oil; storage time Abstrak Perkebunan kelapa Indonesia merupakan terbesar di dunia, dengan pangsa 31,2% dari total areal perkebunan kelapa di dunia. Salah satu produk dari kelapa adalah minyak kelapa. Minyak kelapa memiliki umur simpan yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan dan mengoptimasi umur simpan minyak kelapa. Minyak kelapa yang dijadikan sampel eksperimen merupakan minyak yang dibuat berdasarkan metode tradisional. Minyak kelapa yang diuji pada eksperimen ini meliputi minyak kelapa blanko, ditambah potongan wortel, ekstrak cair nanas 10 dan 30 %-v/v, pepaya muda 10 dan 30%-v/v, serta tomat 10 dan 30 %-v/v. Minyak kelapa blanko dan yang ditambah potongan wortel disimpan dalam botol kaca terang dan gelap, sedangkan minyak kelapa yang ditambah ekstrak cair hanya disimpan dalam botol kaca gelap. Metoda perkiraan umur simpan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai-nilai pustaka (literature value) bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida yang didekati dengan metoda regresi persamaan dan Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Hasil eksperimen menunujukkan bahwa umur simpan minyak kelapa adalah 37-41 hari untuk minyak blanko (dalam botol kaca terang dan gelap), 50-51 hari untuk penambahan potongan wortel dalam botol kaca terang, 56-57 hari untuk penambahan potongan wortel wortel dalam botol kaca gelap, 41-45 hari untuk penambahan ekstrak cair nanas 10%-v/v, 30-32 hari untuk 30%-v/v, 63-64 hari untuk penambahan pepaya muda 10%-v/v, 55-62 hari untuk 30%-v/v, 24-27 hari untuk ekstrak cair tomat 10%-v/v, serta 17-21 hari untuk 30%-v/v. Kata kunci: antioksidan alami; artificial neural network; bilangan asam; bilangan peroksida; minyak kelapa; umur simpan

Selective H2S Absorption Using the Mixture of NaOH-NaHCO3-Na2CO3 Buffer Solvent Solution Anggit Raksajati; Haditya Kukuh Purwanto; Ardian Nugra Baskoro; Antonius Indarto; Danu Ariono
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 54 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.5.13

Acid gas enrichment unit (AGEU) involves selective separation of H2S from acid gas mixture, for example using absorption with an NaOH solvent solution. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) buffer addition to NaOH solution suppresses CO2 absorption, thereby increasing the selectivity of H2S absorption. This study evaluated the effect of buffer addition to increase H2S absorption selectivity using an NaOH solution. It was shown that both buffer addition and L/G ratio decrease could increase H2S selectivity by limiting CO2 absorption. Based on the simulation results, in the 0.006 to 0.030 L/G ratio range and NaOH solvent concentration greater than 2%-mass, the addition of NaHCO3 with mass ratio greater than 1.5:1 to NaOH and the addition of Na2CO3 at 1.26 times NaHCO3’s mass increased H2S absorption selectivity up to 17.3%. The combination of an L/G ratio of 0.006 and solvent with a composition of 5%-mass NaOH, 15%-mass NaHCO3, and 18.9%-mass Na2CO3 produced the highest H2S selectivity of 23.1 (379.7% H2S selectivity increase).

PENGARUH UKURAN BIJI DAN METODE PRAPERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI MEKANIK MINYAK KEMIRI Ariestya Arlene; Danu Ariono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 6 (2013)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstrak. Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dikenal masyarakat karena bijinya sering digunakan sebagai bumbu masak. Biji kemiri memiliki kandungan minyak yang tinggi, yaitu 50-60% dari berat kering biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ukuran biji kemiri dan metode perlakuan awal biji, untuk memperoleh minyak kemiri dengan rendemen tinggi dan nilai bilangan asam yang rendah. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah memberikan masukan dan informasi ukuran biji kemiri dan metode perlakuan awal pemanasan biji kemiri yang mempengaruhi ekstraksi minyak dari biji kemiri dengan penekanan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendayagunaan sumber daya alam biji kemiri dan dapat mendukung industri lainnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mencakup perlakuan awal biji kemiri, ekstraksi minyak dengan cara penekanan dengan variasi ukuran biji dan rnetode pemanasan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis minyak kemiri yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian yang terbaik diperoleh pada ukuran biji serbuk (-10+20 meshJ tanpa metode perlakuan awal dengan nilai rendemen dan bilangan asam berturut-turut adalah 75,960/o dari berat kering biji d,an 9,25 g KOH/g minyak. Kata kunci: kemiri, penekanan, mekanih hidrolik Abstract. SEED SIZE AND THERMAL PRETREATMENT EFFECT ON CANDLENUT OIL MECHANICAL EXTRACTION. Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is known well because the seed is often used as the cooking ingredient. The seed of candlenut contains a large amount of oil, which is 50- 60% from the dry mass of the seed. The aim of this research was to study the influence of the size of the candlenut seed and the early treatment methods, to produce high yield oil and low acid value of candlenut oil. The benefit of this research was to give inputs and information about the size of the seed and early treatment heating method that influence the oil extraction from candlenut seed with pressing method, which can increase the use of candlenut as natural resource and support the other industries. The method ofthis research consists of early treatmentof candlenut seed, extraction of the oil with mechanical pressing method, then continued with the analysis of the oil. The best result is obtained from the powder size [-10+20 mesh) without early treatment process with the yield value is L5.96o/o from the dry mass of the seed and the acid value is 9.25 g KOH/g oil. Keywords: candlenut, pressing, mechanic, hydraulic

PENGARUH UKURAN BIJI DAN METODE PRAPERLAKUAN PANAS TERHADAP EKSTRAKSI MEKANIK MINYAK KEMIRI Ariestya Arlene; Danu Ariono
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 6 (2013)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/

Abstrak. Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana) dikenal masyarakat karena bijinya sering digunakan sebagai bumbu masak. Biji kemiri memiliki kandungan minyak yang tinggi, yaitu 50-60% dari berat kering biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ukuran biji kemiri dan metode perlakuan awal biji, untuk memperoleh minyak kemiri dengan rendemen tinggi dan nilai bilangan asam yang rendah. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah memberikan masukan dan informasi ukuran biji kemiri dan metode perlakuan awal pemanasan biji kemiri yang mempengaruhi ekstraksi minyak dari biji kemiri dengan penekanan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendayagunaan sumber daya alam biji kemiri dan dapat mendukung industri lainnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mencakup perlakuan awal biji kemiri, ekstraksi minyak dengan cara penekanan dengan variasi ukuran biji dan rnetode pemanasan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis minyak kemiri yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian yang terbaik diperoleh pada ukuran biji serbuk (-10+20 meshJ tanpa metode perlakuan awal dengan nilai rendemen dan bilangan asam berturut-turut adalah 75,960/o dari berat kering biji d,an 9,25 g KOH/g minyak.Â Kata kunci: kemiri, penekanan, mekanih hidrolikÂ Abstract. SEED SIZE AND THERMAL PRETREATMENT EFFECT ON CANDLENUT OIL MECHANICAL EXTRACTION. Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is known well because the seed is often used as the cooking ingredient. The seed of candlenut contains a large amount of oil, which is 50- 60% from the dry mass of the seed. The aim of this research was to study the influence of the size of the candlenut seed and the early treatment methods, to produce high yield oil and low acid value of candlenut oil. The benefit of this research was to give inputs and information about the size of the seed and early treatment heating method that influence the oil extraction from candlenut seed with pressing method, which can increase the use of candlenut as natural resource and support the other industries. The method ofthis research consists of early treatmentof candlenut seed, extraction of the oil with mechanical pressing method, then continued with the analysis of the oil. The best result is obtained from the powder size [-10+20 mesh) without early treatment process with the yield value is L5.96o/o from the dry mass of the seed and the acid value is 9.25 g KOH/g oil. Keywords: candlenut, pressing, mechanic, hydraulicÂ

Pengaruh Tekanan Dan Tahap Kompresi Dalam Pemurnian Biogas Menjadi Biometana Dengan Absorpsi CO2 Menggunakan Air Bertekanan Raksajati, Anggit; Adhi, Tri Partono; Ariono, Danu
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 8 No 1 (2020): Edisi Bulan Mei (Edition for May)
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2020.8-ang

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from condensate stew, hydrocyclone water, and sludge separator contains organic carbon with a COD more than 40 g/L and a nitrogen content of about 0.2 and 0.5 g/L as ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen. At present, the POME is converted into biogas using anaerobic ponds. Biogas produced contains 60% methane (CH4) and 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) and can be purified into biomethane through CO2 absorption using water. This study evaluates the optimum pressure and feed compression stage in biogas upgrading into biomethane. The results show the rate of circulation of water needed to separate CO2 from biogas feed decreases with increasing absorber pressure due to increased solubility of CO2 in water. Water circulation pumps and biogas compressor works increase due to the increase in pressure difference needed. The optimum pressure of the biogas biogas purification unit is within the range of 7-10 bar. At the same absorber pressure, the 1 stage feed compression unit is cheaper than that of 2 stages. However, the overall process with 1 compression stage might not be more economical than the 2-stage if consider the higher methane loss.

Rekayasa proses produksi resin alkid dari minyak nyamplung Ika Amalia Kartika; Natasha Yuka Fastiana; Danu Ariono
AGROINTEK Vol 19, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v19i1.22416

Calophyllum is a potential plant in Indonesia where the area is very wide spread besides almost all parts of Calophyllum plants can be utilized. The study aims to produce alkyd resin from Calophyllum oil so the usefulness of Calophyllum plants can be optimized. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by variations in oil to glycerol mole ratio (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and temperature (230 and 250C). Acid and iodine values, density, viscosity, drying time, color, solubility, thermal stability, and functional groups analyzed the alkyd resin quality. The oil-to-glycerol mole ratio and temperature variations affected the acid value, viscosity, color, and drying time. Higher temperatures and more glycerol affected the reaction time, and the drying time of alkyd resin became faster. In addition, its viscosity decreased, and its thermal stability was stable. With the high addition of glycerol at low temperatures, the color of alkyd resin was bright, but it became darkened at higher temperatures. Calophyllum-based resins owned the fastest alkyd resin drying time without passing through the drying and purifying process, which was 60 minutes at 50°C

Rekayasa proses produksi resin alkid dari minyak nyamplung Ika Amalia Kartika; Natasha Yuka Fastiana; Danu Ariono
AGROINTEK Vol 19, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v19i1.22416

Calophyllum is a potential plant in Indonesia where the area is very wide spread besides almost all parts of Calophyllum plants can be utilized. The study aims to produce alkyd resin from Calophyllum oil so the usefulness of Calophyllum plants can be optimized. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by variations in oil to glycerol mole ratio (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and temperature (230 and 250C). Acid and iodine values, density, viscosity, drying time, color, solubility, thermal stability, and functional groups analyzed the alkyd resin quality. The oil-to-glycerol mole ratio and temperature variations affected the acid value, viscosity, color, and drying time. Higher temperatures and more glycerol affected the reaction time, and the drying time of alkyd resin became faster. In addition, its viscosity decreased, and its thermal stability was stable. With the high addition of glycerol at low temperatures, the color of alkyd resin was bright, but it became darkened at higher temperatures. Calophyllum-based resins owned the fastest alkyd resin drying time without passing through the drying and purifying process, which was 60 minutes at 50°C

PEMANFAATAN NERACA POPULASI FASA DISPERSI DALAM EVALUASI EKSTRAKSI CAIR-CAIR PADA KOLOM ISIAN (Utilizing of Population Balance of Dispersion Phase in Evaluation of Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Packed Column) Danu Ariono; Veronica Japri; Setyo Widodo
Lembaran publikasi minyak dan gas bumi Vol 51 No 2 (2017)
Publisher : BBPMGB LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/LPMGB.51.2.23

Ekstraksi cair-cair adalah metode pemisahan dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan kelarutan komponen dari suatu larutan ke pelarut lain. Ekstraksi cair-cair diaplikasikan pada sistem kolom isian pada indistri kimia untuk menghilangkan sulfur, lilin, resin, serta senyawa aromatik pada pengolahan minyak, isolasi vitamin dalam indutri farmasi, pengambilan gliserida dari minyak nabati, pertambangan, dan pengolahan limbah. Pada aplikasi tersebut, kolom ekstraksi cair-cair dirancang menggunakan korelasi hidrodinamika yang mengasumsikan bahwa distribusi fasa dispersi di sepanjang kolom adalah seragam dan berperilaku sebagai gelembung tunggal. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan suatu neraca populasi yang menyatakan perubahan dan distribusi gelembung dalam suatu ruang dan waktu. Aplikasi neraca populasi digunakan untuk memperoleh jumlah tahap (Number of Transfer Unit) dan tinggi tiap tahap (Height of Transfer Unit) dari suatu kolom isian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa neraca populasi dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan fenomena ketidakhomogenan ukuran (diameter) gelembung di sepanjang kolom isian pada ekstraksi cair-cair untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja (performance) kolom isian. Disamping itu, dapat digunakan sebagai model matematika dalam evaluasi unjuk kerja kolom isian sehingga estimasi nilai konsentrasi di setiap posisi dan waktu di sepanjang kolom isian lebih sesuai dengan fenomena sebenarnya. Liquid-liquid extraction is a separation method that utilizes the solubility difference of the components in the solution. The application of liquid-liquid extraction in industry include removal of sulfur, wax, resin, and aromatic compounds in oil treatment, vitamin isolation in pharmaceutical industry, glyceride removal from vegetable oil, mining and waste treatment. In those application, the liquid-liquid extraction column is designed using a hydrodynamic correlation which assumes that the distribution of the dispersion phases along the columns is uniform and behaves as a single bubble. The purposes of this study is to develop a population balance that describes the bubbles distribution and to obtain the more real conditions of Number of Transfer Unit and the Height of Transfer Unit of a packed column. The results indicate that the population balance can be used to explain the phenomenon of the homogeneity of the bubble size along the packed column and to evaluate the performance of the column in the liquid-liquid extraction. In addition, it can be used as a mathematical model so that the concentration value at each position and time along the column is more appropriate to the actual value.

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