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Current Advances in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Chemotherapy: A Literature Review Murwanti, Retno; Rommy; Nugroho, Agung Endro
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 5 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.11403

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of subtypes of cancer with the most associated death. With more than 20% of breast cancer patients having this subtype, an effective and safe chemotherapy is needed to ensure complete pathomorphological response. Currently, therapies for TNBC patients are divided into systemic therapy regimens for operable or non-operable diseases, with non-operable diseases mostly treated with targeted therapies such as pembrolizumab in tandem with other chemotherapy agents such as paclitaxel, gemcitabine or carboplatin. TNBC patients whom tumor is operable underwent additional step such as preoperative systemic therapy, which offers several advantages than chemotherapy alone. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), which consist of mainly drugs from therapeutic classes such as anthracycline and taxanes, is used with limited success (23%) and decreased recurrence rates. Optimal method for treating TNBC is still lacking, therefore the need for further research regarding chemotherapy for TNBC with higher success rate and better prognosis for the patients is paramount.
Efficacy and safety of antidiabetics agents in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): a literature review Rommy; Aldia Dwi Karinaningrum; Berliana Luthfiananda; Laduna Aniq; Lydia Sherly Evelina; Rifani Fauzi
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 3 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.3244

Abstract

One of the most common metabolic diseases during pregnancy period is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It is associated with several perinatal complications, especially in those who have risk factors such as obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, and a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Some research has shown that physical exercise and medical nutrition treatment can give beneficial effects to control glycemic and body weight for GDM affected women. Furthermore, pharmacological agents such as insulin and a specific oral antidiabetic can be prescribed safely during pregnancy to decrease maternal glucose blood. Therapy of GDM is needed to control blood for the wellness of the patient during and after the pregnancy. The main treatment therapy for GDM is lifestyle modification, which includes medical nutritional therapy and daily physical exercise. In the special case of disorder glucose level, drug therapy will be given to the patient. Insulin is the chosen drug because it is safe and does not cross the placenta. It is the gold standard pharmacological agent for GDM treatment. However, it still has some disadvantages such as the difficulties of how to use it, how many doses must be given, and the price that tends to be expensive. Consequently, the alternative drug may have to substitute it. Insulin can be substituted by metformin and glyburide (glibenclamide) in the form of oral antidiabetic. They are equal in terms of efficacy and safety compare to insulin as a treatment for GDM. Besides, they are also cheaper, and easy to use.
Validation of The Gravimetry Method for Determining Rare Earth Elements Oxides Pratama, Afiq Azfar; Hidayat, Amalia Ekaputri; Rommy; Indryati, Suci; Laksmana, Roza Indra; Trinopiawan, Kurnia; Purwanti, Tri; Widana, Kurnia Setiawan; Putra, Aditya Widian; Anggraini, Mutia; Nasrullah, Dzaki Hasan
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 45 No. 1 (2024): MAY 2024
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/eksplorium.2024.6972

Abstract

The demand for minerals to meet technological developments is increasing, including minerals that contain rare earth elements (REE). The levels of REE in solids can be determined using conventional analysis methods (gravimetry) and instruments. Even though the instrument method provides more accurate results with a small amount of analyte, the cost is higher compared to the gravimetric method, which requires more analyte and provides good results. Therefore, the gravimetric method is a solution for areas with limited instruments and budgets. The study aims to validate the gravimetric method for determining REE oxides levels, evaluate its precision and accuracy, and assess its feasibility of use. In this study, two methods were used for REE analysis: the ASTM E2941-14 method with sample weight modification and the addition of acid to increase REE oxides recovery and a precipitation method using oxalic acid. The validation stages include sample dissolution, precipitation, filtration, and ash-making. The research results show that the RSD value is 0.3154, which is smaller than 2/3 of Horwitz's CV, namely 4.1727, which means it meets the precision acceptance requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017. The REE oxides recovery value, which indicates accuracy, also increased to 97.74%. Therefore, the gravimetric method can be used as an alternative for determining REE oxides levels.