Article Per Year (5 Year)
p-Index From 2021 - 2026
0.444
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This Author published in this journals
All Journal Unram Law Review Mataram Journal of International Law
Diva Pitaloka
Unknown Affiliation
Humanities Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Gender Discrimination in Artificial Intelligence: An International Human Rights Law Perspective and the Quest for Binding Regulation Ayu Riska Amalia; Diva Pitaloka; Adhitya Nini Rizki Apriliana
Unram Law Review Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Unram Law Review (ULREV)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ulrev.v9i2.450

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed and reshaped the way people work and interact. While AI provides convenience, it also poses significant challenges to human rights, particularly gender equality. The use of AI in recruitment processes, healthcare diagnosis, and discriminatory content moderation illustrates how it can exacerbate existing inequalities. This study employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative approach, analyzing primary instruments of international human rights law such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). It also examines non-binding frameworks, namely the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI and the OECD AI Principles, and compares them with the binding EU AI Act. The findings indicate that AI has the potential to violate fundamental rights of women, including the rights to equality and non-discrimination, work, privacy, health, participation in public and political life, as well as representation and identity. Furthermore, soft-law mechanisms remain insufficient to prevent gender bias, as their implementation relies heavily on states’ political will. Nevertheless, states have a positive obligation under international law to respect, protect, and fulfil the right to equality; thus, a binding international legal framework is urgently needed to ensure accountability and gender-sensitive AI governance.
Implementation of The Provincial Government’s Authority to Carry Out Sister Province Cooperation In The Perspective of International and National Law Case Study: Sister Province Cooperationbetween Province of NTB And Northern Province of Australia Amar Tyanto; Muh Risnain; Diva Pitaloka
Mataram Journal of International Law Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Mataram Journal of International Law
Publisher : Department of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/majil.v1i1.2846

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the position and strength of the LoI between the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government and the Northern Territory Government regarding sister province cooperation from the perspective of international law and national law. Furthermore, this research also examines the implementation of government authority and dispute resolution mechanisms stipulated in the Letter of Interest in the context of Sister Province agreements according to international law. The research method used is normative empirical. The Letter of Intent (LoI) between the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government and the Northern Territory Government regarding sister province cooperation has limited power and does not have binding legal force in the perspective of international law and national law. However, in the implementation of the authority exercised, the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Government and the Northern Territory Government have gone through the stages of exploration, formulation of texts, and negotiations. The mechanism for resolving differences as stipulated in Article 10 requires an amicable settlement of any differences arising from the interpretation or implementation of the contents of the agreement.
Co-Authors Adhitya Nini Rizki Apriliana Amar Tyanto Ayu Riska Amalia Muh. Risnain