Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker
Departemen Patologi Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana, RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Indonesia

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KARAKTERISTIK KLINIKOPATOLOGI PENDERITA KARSINOMA PAYUDARA DI RSUP SANGLAH TAHUN 2013 – 2016 I Gede Indradika Pratama Putra; Herman Saputra; Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker; Ni Putu Sriwidyani
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 8 No 11 (2019): Vol 8 No 11 (2019): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (449.763 KB)

Abstract

Karsinoma payudara adalah salah satu keganasan pada perempuan yang menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui data karakteristik penderita karsinoma payudara berdasarkan usia, derajat diferensiasi, dan tipe histopatologi di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2013 – 2016. Penelitian ini adalah studi retrospektif dengan menggunakan data sekunder pasien karsinoma payudara berupa usia, derajat diferensiasi, dan tipe histopatologi menurut klasifikasi WHO 2012 di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar tahun 2013-2016. Terdapat 1.035 kasus karsinoma payudara, namun hanya 832 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Rentang usia penderita karsinoma payudara terbanyak terjadi pada usia 40-49 tahun sebanyak 339 kasus (40,7%), pada karsinoma invasif payudara derajat diferensiasi terbanyak yaitu grade 3 sebanyak 378 kasus (45,4%), pada ductal carcinoma in situ derajat diferensiasi terbanyak yaitu high grade sebanyak 17 kasus (68%), tipe histopatologi terbanyak yaitu invasive carcinoma of no special type (invasive ductal carcinoma) sebanyak 567 kasus (68,1%) untuk karsinoma invasif payudara. Kata kunci: Karsinoma payudara, Klinikopatologi, RSUP Sanglah, Bali.
ASTAXANTHIN MENGHAMBAT PERLEMAKAN HATI DAN PENINGKATAN KADAR SERUM GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIBERI MINYAK JELANTAH Astrid Amanda Pangalela; I Wayan Weta; Iin Indrayani Maker
IJCNP : INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN Vol 3 No 1 (2020): IJCNP (INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54773/ijcnp.v3i1.40

Abstract

ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic fatty liver can be triggered by used cooking oil consumption due to the formation of free radicals and the accumulation of fatty acids in the body. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that may be able to inhibit the pathogenesis of fatty liver. This study aims to determine the effect of astaxanthin in inhibiting fatty liver (steatosis) and levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in male Wistar rats given used cooking oil. An experimental study with Post-test Only Control Group Design was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats aged 3.5-4 months with an approximate bodyweight of 200-210 grams divided randomly into 2 groups. The control group was given 0.42 ml of used cooking oil + 0.5 ml of distilled water, and the treatment group was given 0.42 ml of used cooking oil + 0.2 mg of astaxanthin each day for 14 days. On day 15, blood tests and hepatic histopathology were performed to check GGT serum levels and steatosis. The comparative test was conducted to compare the results of the control and treatment groups. The results showed that the mean steatosis and GGT levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group. It can be concluded that giving astaxanthin can inhibit fatty liver (steatosis) and increase GGT serum levels in male Wistar rats given used cooking oil. Keywords: Astaxanthin, Fatty liver, Gamma-glutamyltransferase, Used cooking oil
ASTAXANTHIN MENGHAMBAT PENURUNAN JUMLAH SEL LEYDIG DAN KADAR TESTOSTERON PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIPAPAR DENGAN ASAP ROKOK Andrew Lie; Wimpie Pangkahila; L.P. Iin Indrayani Maker
IJCNP : INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN Vol 3 No 1 (2020): IJCNP (INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION PHYSICIAN)
Publisher : Perhimpunan Dokter Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54773/ijcnp.v3i1.42

Abstract

Background. The exposure of cigarette smoke impacts negatively on Leydig cell count and testosterone level. Astaxanthin is known for its ability to neutralize free radicals far more potent than any other kind of antioxidant. Research objectives. This research aims to prove the effect of Astaxanthin in inhibiting decrease of Leydig cell count and testosterone level in male Wistar rats exposed with cigarette smoke. Methodology. The posttest only control group study design was conducted on 36 male Wistar rats, 12-16 weeks in age, with 200-210 grams body weight. Samples were randomly divided into two groups, consisting of a control group exposed with cigarette smoke and 0.5 ml of aquadest and a study group exposed with cigarette smoke and 0.1 mg of astaxanthin/200 gr BW daily for 30 days. On day 31, blood samples were taken to measure the testosterone level. Both testes were taken for Leydig cells count assessment. Comparative analysis was done to see any significant difference between the study and control group. Research results. The results show that the mean number of Leydig cells and testosterone levels in the study group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion. Oral astaxanthin administration inhibited the decrease of Leydig cell count and testosterone level in male Wistar rats exposed with cigarette smoke. Key words: Astaxanthin, Testosterone, Leydig Cell, Andropause
Clitoria ternatea L. extract cream 5% inhibited the increase of MMP-1 levels and decrease of collagen amount in wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) dermic skin exposed to ultraviolet B Ayunda Tamara Barito Saritani; Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna; Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker
Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico Vol 4 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Indoscholar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36444/nsmc.v4i3.183

Abstract

Background: Photoaging increases MMP-1 and damage collagen by forming ROS. The antioxidant compounds in Clitoria ternatea L. have been studied to lower ROS, thus inhibiting the emergence of MMP-1 and preserving the collagen. The study initiated to analyze the Clitoria ternatea L. extract cream 5% effect on inhibiting MMP-1 increase and collagen decrease in female Wistar rat's skin exposed to UV-B. Methods: A randomized post-test-only control group design was conducted on 30 female Wistar rats, aged 8-10 weeks old with 130-150 grams bodyweight. They were assigned to three groups: the untreated group, placebo group, and the Clitoria ternatea L. extract cream 5% group. The last two groups were exposed to UV-B. After four weeks their skin was examined for MMP-1 levels using ELISA and collagen amount using Picro Sirius Red staining. Results: A comparative analysis showed that the lowest mean levels of MMP-1 was seen in the untreated group (4.64 ± 0.14 ng/ml), followed by the Clitoria ternatea L. extract cream group 5% (5.54 ± 0.21 ng/ml) and placebo group (8.68 ± 0.78 ng/ml). The highest mean of collagen amount was seen in the Clitoria ternatea L. extract cream group 5% (76.12 ± 5.09 %pixel), followed by the untreated group (69.38 ± 3.96 %pixel) and placebo group (30.31±8.06 %pixel). The comparative analysis shows a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Clitoria ternatea L. extract cream 5% has proven to inhibited the increase of MMP-1 levels and decrease of collagen amount in Wistar rats skin exposed to UV-B.
Mixed Adeno and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Ovary: Case Report KADE YUDI SASPRIYANA; I NYOMAN BAYU MAHENDRA; KETUT SUWIYOGA; LUH PUTU IIN INDRAYANI MAKER; JOHANA SENSY LENI MANNA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 11, No 3 (2017): July - September 2017
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (922.63 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v11i3.517

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Reporting two cases of mixed adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary. A case report two cases of an ovarian cyst suspect malignancy after complete surgical staging in woman aged 39 year old and 72 year old. By this case report, we want to know prognosis of the malignancy. Mixed adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary of the first case arised from mature cystic teratoma, and second case as metastatic process from gastrointestinal tract. Mixed adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare hystologic type of ovarian cancer. Need further exploration to know the survival of this hystologic type.ABSTRAKArtikel ini melaporkan dua kasus, yaitu mixed adenocarcinoma dan neuroendocrine carcinoma ovarium, dua kasus kista ovarium curiga ganas pada pasien berusia 39 tahun dan 72 tahun. Terhadap kedua pasien dilakukan komplit surgical staging. Melalui laporan kasus ini, diharapkan bisa diketahui prognosis kasus. Mixed adenocarcinoma dan neuroendocrine carcinoma ovarium pada kasus pertama timbul dari teratoma matur kistik, sedangkan kasus kedua merupakan penyebaran dari traktus digestivus. Mixed adenocarcinoma dan neuroendocrine carcinoma merupakan tipe histologi kanker ovarium yang jarang. Ia membutuhkan eksplorasi lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui survival dari tipe histologi ini.
Loss of Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue (PTEN) Expression Associated with Higher Risk Grade Group Gleason Prostate Adenocarcinoma in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar Tjandra Kristiana; I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra Dewi; Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker; Herman Saputra; Ni Putu Sriwidyani; I Made Muliarta
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 13, No 4 (2019): December
Publisher : National Cancer Center - Dharmais Cancer Hospital

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (527.66 KB) | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v13i4.680

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men and the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. In Asia, 59.3% of patients come for the advanced stage treatment. PTEN inactivation is identified in about 20% of primary prostate tumors in radical prostatectomy and the loss of PTEN is associated with poor clinical and pathological outcomes. The purpose of this study is to prove that there is an association between PTEN expression and risk grade group Gleason prostate adenocarcinoma in Sanglah Public Hospital, Denpasar.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample size of this study was 35 paraffin blocks. These samples were selected by proportional stratified random sampling from hematoxylin-eosin preparation. Prostate adenocarcinoma was regrouped into 3 categories based on NCCN risk stratification: low risk grade group Gleason (Gleason score ≤ 6), intermediate risk grade group Gleason (Gleason score 7), and high-risk grade group Gleason (Gleason score 8–10). Immunohistochemistry examination of PTEN was performed and the expression was evaluated by scoring method. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and logistic regression.Results: The analysis result showed that there is an association between PTEN expression and risk grade group Gleason that is statistically significant. The loss of PTEN expression associated with higher risk grade group Gleason is of the higher proportion with p=0.001; PR 3.339; 95% CI: 1.296–8.599, but there is no association between the proportion loss of PTEN expression heterogeneously or homogeneously and the risk grade group Gleason with p=0.742; PR 0.663; 95% CI: 0.179–2.457.Conclusions: This study has proved that PTEN expression is associated with higher risk grade group Gleason prostate adenocarcinoma.
Prevalence of colorectal carcinoma based on microscopic type, sex, age and anatomical location in Sanglah General Hospital Michelle Anne Anthonysamy; Luh Putu lin Indrayani Maker; I Made Gotra; Herman Saputra
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020): (Available online: 1 April 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (242.753 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v10i2.171

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Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a disease in which epithelial cells in the colon or rectum become abnormal and divide without control, forming a mass called a tumor. Colorectal carcinoma is the fourth most frequent cancer in men after prostate and lung or bronchus cancers whereas in women is the third most frequent cancer after breast and lung or bronchus cancers. Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for 693,900 deaths in 2012 and is the fourth most frequent cancer in men whereas in women is the third most frequent cancer. In Indonesia amount of rectal cancer were 1407 (5.67%) and 990 cases (3.99%) of colon cancer. Specifically in Denpasar, there are a total of 75 cases (7.11%) of rectal cancer and 38 cases (3.60%) of colon cancer in the year.Aim: This study aims to know the prevalence of colorectal carcinoma based on microscopic type, sex, age and anatomical location in Sanglah General Hospital in Denpasar from January 2014 to January 2016.Method: This study used descriptive retrospective research based on the secondary data from patients medical record which was taken at Sanglah General Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016. Population and sample amounted to 275 patients.Results: This study shows that the highest prevalence of colorectal carcinoma was in a group of age <50 years old with 86 samples (31.3%) and in a male with 163 samples (59.3%). Adenocarcinoma has the highest prevalence of colorectal carcinoma with 270 samples (98.2%). The rectum was the most frequent tumor location with 170 samples (61.8%). In adenocarcinoma, the age group with the highest prevalence of CRC was <50 years with 85 samples (30.9%). The highest prevalence of CRC based on anatomical location and age group was <50 years in the rectum with 57 samples (20.7%).Conclusion: Most of the CRC was found in age group < 50 years, men had a higher risk to get colorectal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma is the most common microscopic type, and rectum was the most common site of colorectal carcinoma.
Karakteristik pasien retinoblastoma di RSUP Sanglah pada bulan April 2015 – Desember 2017 Monika Nur Indah Pawana; Ni Putu Ekawati; Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 10 No. 1 (2019): (Available online 1 April 2019)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (863.592 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v10i1.228

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Background: Retinoblastoma is one of the intraocular tumors originate from the lining of the retinal eye layer component. This disease is more common in children. Retinoblastoma incidence rate tend to be constant every year, but epidemiological data about retinoblastoma in Indonesia not yet available.Aim: this study aims to determine the characteristics of patients with retinoblastoma at RSUP Sanglah Denpasar from April 2015 till December 2017.Method: The study was a descriptive cross sectional design which was conducted at RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Data obtained was in the form patient’s medical records registered between April 2015 – December 2017.Results: Of the 22 patients, the age average was 5.06 ± 3.06 years with the highest gender proportion was male (55%). Leukokoria (68%) was the main complaint. Most sites were unilateral (59%). Staging for unilateral was Group D (47%) and for bilateral was OD Group D, OS Group E (25%) and OD Grup E OS Grup C (25%) There were two patients had family history of retinoblastoma (18%). Histopathological finding showed only 4.54% with typical appearance of Flexner Wintersteiner Rossete, 36% of patients showed pseudorossete, and the remains classified as undifferentiated type. Almost half of the patients have a tumor invation, and most of them have necrosis in their tumor. The most common management for retinoblastoma is chemotherapy (52%) followed by enucleation (48%). Conclusion: There’re variety in characteristics of retinoblastoma. Further research needed to know the characteristic of retinoblastoma significantly.
Hubungan antara Stromal Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) dengan ekspresi Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) pada karsinoma payudara invasif tipe tidak spesifik subtipe Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) enriched di RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Ind Popi Imelda Margareth Sitompul; Herman Saputra; Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker; I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra Dewi; Ni Putu Sriwidyani; I Made Muliarta
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): (Available Online: 1 August 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (791.737 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v12i2.1021

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy cancer in women. This malignancy is molecularly heterogeneous, where overexpression of the HER-2 growth factor receptor generally has a more aggressive nature. The role of immune system interaction, namely Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) and Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, is associated with prognostic and predictive factors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between stromal TIL with PD-L1 expression in invasive breast carcinoma non-specific type HER-2 enriched subtype.Methods: This study was an observational analytical study with cross-sectional design from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2019. The samples were taken from a paraffin block of patients with invasive breast carcinoma non-specific type, that has performed histopathological examination, ER, PR, HER-2 and FISH/CISH immunohistochemistry examination at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar. The samples obtained were stained with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry. The preparation was evaluated to assess TIL. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: The study found a statistically significant association between stromal TIL with PD-L1 expression in tumor cells (p = 0.018).  There is statistically significant association between stromal TIL with PD-L1 expression in TIL (p = 0.001). There is statistically significant association between stromal TIL with PD-L1 expression in total tumor cells and TIL (p = 0.007) in invasive breast carcinoma non-specific type HER-2 enriched subtype at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar.Conclusion: In conclusion, there is an association between stromal TIL with the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells and TIL in invasive breast carcinoma non-specific type HER-2 enriched subtype.  Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan keganasan tersering pada wanita. Keganasan ini bersifat  heterogen ditinjau dari aspek molekuler, dimana overekspresi HER-2 umumnya memiliki sifat yang lebih agresif. Peranan sistem imun, yakni ekspresi Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) dan Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PDL-1) dihubungkan dengan faktor prognostik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara stromal TIL dengan ekspresi PD-L1 pada karsinoma payudara invasif tipe tidak spesifik subtipe HER-2 enriched.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan studi potong lintang mulai dari 1 Januari 2015 sampai 31 Desember 2019. Sampel adalah blok parafin penderita karsinoma payudara invasif tipe tidak spesifik yang telah dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi, imunohistokimia ER, PR, HER-2 dan FISH/CISH  di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Sampel yang diperoleh dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia PD-L1 Preparat sampel digunakan untuk menilai TIL. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 20 untuk Windows.Hasil: Pada penelitian ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara stromal TIL dengan ekspresi PD-L1 pada sel tumor (p=0,018). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik  antara stromal TIL dengan ekspresi PD-L1 pada TIL (p=0,001). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara stromal TIL dengan ekspresi PD-L1 pada total sel tumor dan TIL (p=0,007) pada karsinoma payudara invasif tipe tidak spesifik subtipe HER-2 enriched di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara stromal TIL dengan ekspresi PD-L1 sel tumor dan TIL pada karsinoma payudara invasif tipe tidak spesifik subtipe HER-2 enriched. 
Hubungan antara ekspresi Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) dengan tipe dan stadium T karsinoma epitel permukaan ovarium di RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Indonesia I Made Wirya Sastra; Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker; Anak Agung Ayu Ngurah Susraini; I Wayan Juli Sumadi; I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra Dewi; Herman Saputra; I Made Muliarta
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): (Available Online: 1 August 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (616.393 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v12i2.1023

Abstract

Background: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is an important protein in oncogenesis, angiogenesis, tumor development, and metastasis. Studies regarding the expression of VCAM-1 in ovarian carcinoma have found both supportive and contradictory results. Therefore, this study evaluates the relationship between VCAM-1 expression and the type and stage of ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analytical study with a sample size of 36, which came from paraffin block of patients with ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma who were examined histopathologically at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019. Samples are grouped into type I and type II, then the stage I or II and III groups. After that, the VCAM-1 immunohistochemical streak was performed to assess high or low expression in these groups and analyzed its relationship with the type and stage T of ovarian surface epithelial carcinoma. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.Results: The analysis results using the Chi-Square test showed a statistically significant relationship (p=0.001) between the VCAM-1 expression with type and stage surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma (p=0.007). The results of the mean difference test are 0.48 (95% CI=0.33-0.70) and showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.001) between VCAM-1 expression with a type of ovarian carcinoma.Conclusion: In conclusion, there is an association between expression VCAM-1 with the type of surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma and at a stage, with a 2.3 times higher probability of VCAM-1 expression in the stage III group than in stage I or II group. Latar Belakang: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) merupakan salah satu protein yang penting dalam onkogenesis, angiogenesis, perkembangan tumor dan metastasis. Penelitian-penelitian mengenai ekspresi VCAM-1 pada karsinoma ovarium mendapatkan hasil yang pro dan kontra. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ekspresi VCAM-1 dengan tipe dan stadium T karsinoma epitel permukaan ovarium di RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik potong lintang dengan besar sampel adalah 36, yang berasal dari dari blok parafin penderita karsinoma epitel permukaan ovarium yang diperiksa secara histopatologi di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dari 1 Januari 2017 sampai 31 Desember 2019. Sampel dikelompokkan menjadi tipe I dan tipe II, kemudian kelompok stadium I atau II dan III. Setelah itu dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia VCAM-1 untuk menilai ekspresi tinggi ataupun rendah pada kelompok-kelompok tersebut dan dianalisis hubungannya dengan tipe dan stadium  T karsinoma epitel permukaan ovarium. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square dengan nilai p <0,05.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,001) antara ekpresi VCAM-1 dengan tipe karsinoma dan stadium T (p=0,007). Hasil uji beda rerata adalah 0,48 (IK 95%=0,33-0,70) dan menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik (p=0,001) antara ekspresi VCAM-1 dengan tipe karsinoma ovarium.Kesimpulan: Sebagai simpulan, terdapat hubungan antara ekspresi VCAM-1 dengan tipe karsinoma epitel permukaan ovarium dan pada stadium, dengan kemungkinan 2,3 kali terjadi ekspresi VCAM-1 yang tinggi pada kelompok stadium III dibandingkan stadium I atau II.