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STRATEGI PEMBANGUNAN PETERNAKAN BERKELANJUTAN DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SUMBER DAYA LOKAL Bahri, Sjamsul; Tiesnamurti, Bess
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 31, No 4 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Perpustakaan dan Penyebaran Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Penduduk Indonesia pada tahun 2012 sekitar 235 juta orang dan diperkirakan akan menjadi 273 juta orang pada tahun 2025. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk akan diikuti oleh meningkatnya kebutuhan pangan, termasuk pangan hewani. Sementara itu, luas lahan/daratan sebagai basis untuk memproduksi pangan tidak bertambah, bahkan cenderung berkurang karena konversi, abrasi, dan terendam akibat meningkatnya permukaan air laut sebagai dampak dariÂ pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim, serta kualitas sumber daya alam yang makin menurun. Konsumsi protein hewani penduduk IndonesiaÂ sangat rendah (sekitar 6 g/kapita/hari) dan diperkirakan akan meningkat tajam apabila pendapatan penduduk terus meningkat, yang diprediksiÂ mencapai US$13.000 pada tahun 2025 sesuai target MP3EI 2025. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut, Pemerintah perlu menyiapkan strategiÂ pembangunan peternakan jangka menengah dan panjang secara berkelanjutan dengan memanfaatkan ketersediaan sumber daya lokal. Dalam hal ini, selain mengeksplorasi sumber daya genetik ternak yang efisien dalam penggunaan pakan, juga harus dapat memanfaatkan bahan pakan berupa produk samping tanaman maupun industri pertanian yang tidak bersaing dengan bahan pangan. Kebijakan ini harus didukungdengan inovasi teknologi yang telah dihasilkan maupun yang perlu dikembangkan. Peningkatan produktivitas dan produksi ternak secara berkelanjutan dengan pola seperti ini dapat menghemat sumber daya alam sekaligus menekan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam rangkaÂ mewujudkan konsep green economy.

Zoonotic Diseases Associated with Encephalitis ., Darminto; Bahri, Sjamsul; Saepulloh, Muharam
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 9, No 1 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Outbreak of encephalitis, which killed more than 80 people in Malaysia, invited public attention throughout the world, especially Â stakeholdersÂ inÂ animal husbandry Â and Â veterinary Â practices.Â TheÂ diseaseÂ was initially Â diagnosed as Japanese-B- encephalitis (JE) which was transmitted to human from infected pigs. Recently, the causal agent of the outbreak has been identified as morbilivirus which was called Hendra-like Virus or Nipah Virus. Indonesia as neighboring country to Malaysia needs to take anticipation to prevent the occurrence of similar outbreak. For anticipation, it is required to understand all diseases, which cause encephalitis, especially the zoonotic diseases. From many infectious diseases of animal, only 17 diseases which are able to cause encephalitis, 9 of them are zoonotic diseases: Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), Western equine encephalomyelitisÂ Â (WEE),Â Â VenezuelanÂ Â equineÂ Â encephalomyelitisÂ Â (VEE),Â Â Japanese-B-encephalitisÂ Â (JE),Â Â MurrayÂ Â valley encephalitis (MVE), Louping-ill, Rabies and Equine morbilivirus (EMV) and Nipah Virus. The viral agents and the mode of transmission to human are discussed in this publication. All those encephalitic zoonoses, except Rabies and JE, are exotic to Indonesia. So it is required to keep the free status of Indonesia to those diseases by strict quarantine measures. All imported animals to Indonesia should be confirmed free from those diseases based on the laboratory examination. Â Key words: Encephalitis, zoonosis, nipah virus

Food Safety for Animal Products: The Need in The International Free Trade Bahri, Sjamsul; ., Indraningsih; Widiastuti, R; Murdiati, T B; Maryam, R
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 2 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Issues of food safety, includes the food safety for the animal products grows to inhibit the incoming of low quality imported animal product which is unsafe for human being. Therefore several countries enhance to produce high quality of animal product and safe to be consumed. This paper reviews several factors that distribute to the quality and food safety in every single chain of the preparation of animal products. In pre-production step, many factors involve to the quality and safety because several contaminants and diseases can be happened in this step. Several data of diseases and contaminants which causes the negative impacts on economic, political and health will be provided in this paper. An effort to produce high quality and safe animal products can be done by implementing the HACCP in every step of preparation of it (GAP, GHP, GMP, GDP, and GRP). To assure the distribution of high quality and halal of imported animal products in Indonesia, it is necessary to give more strict regulation which is supported by infrastructure, facilities, human resources development and law enforcement. Â Key words: Food safety, animal products, international free trade, HACCP

The Development of Japanese Encephalitis in Indonesia Sendow, Indrawati; Bahri, Sjamsul
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a zoonotic viral disease which causes encephalitis in children (5-9 years old) . The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. The presence of JE virus, vector and reservoir host in Indonesia, will increase the concern of the possibility of JE outbreak in Indonesia. JE infection in human was reported by clinical and serological findings. Recently, JE case in Bali was declared as hyperendemic (usually sporadic) . In animals, JE infection has been confirmed by serology and viral isolation, while JE vector had been found in different species of mosquitoes by successful viral isolation from those mosquitoes. The prevention and control of JE are conducted by socialization about JE to the society, by cutting the JE transmission cycle (virus, vector and host), including pig farm relocation . The development of regional laboratories (facilities and human resources) to diagnose JE and the establishment BSL of 3 laboratory in the central laboratory institute to isolate the JE virus and to conduct further JE research on the role of animal in transmitting JE to human, must be conducted . Key words : Japanese encephalitis, epidemiology, diagnose, animals, human

Factors Affecting Food Safety of Animal Origin in Indonesia Bahri, Sjamsul; Sani, Yulvian; ., Indraningsih
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 16, No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Based on the Indonesian Regulation Number 7 year 1996, food is defined as everything derived from biological sources and water, either processed and non-processed materials to be used as food and drinks, including food additives, food raw materials and other materials for preparation process, processing and production of food or drinks . Furthermore, food safety is a condition and an approach required to prevent the food from contamination of pathogenic microbes, toxic compounds and other xenobiotics that may affect and hazardous to human health . Food safety is basically a complexity and close related to policy . toxicity, microbiology, chemicals, nutrition status, health and public welfare . On the other hand, food safety problem is a dynamic process following the changing of public society including socioculture, health, development of science and technology as well as everything related to human life . In general, there are three main stages of process as the critical point in food safety of animal origin, namely : (1) preharvest ; (2) production ; and (3) postharvest . The main factors of these stages are discussed in this paper . Â Key words : Food safety, livestock, preharvest, harvest, post harvest

Anticipating the Emerging of Some Strategical Infectious Animal Diseases in Indonesia Related to The Effect of Global Warming and Climate Change Bahri, Sjamsul; Syafriati, T
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 21, No 1 (2011)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The effect of global warming and climate change is changing the season, included flooding in one area and very dry in other area, changing the temperature and humidity. These changes will trigger changing of the life of biological agent (virus, bacteria, parasites and so on), variety of animal species, variety of vectors as reservoir host of animal with the role of transmitting the disease to other animal species, This condition will trigger the new animal disease (emerging disease) or old disease will be re-emerged (re-emerging diseases). This paper will discuss the effect of global warming and climate change on animal diseases in Indonesia such as Bluetongue (BT), Nipah, Japanese encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN), and Rift Valley fever (RVF). The climate changes such as increasing the earth temperature and rainfall will cause extremely increase of vector population for BT, JE, WN and RVF. In addition, animal transportation and bird migration from one country to others or region will cause changing of ecological system and will open the chance to distribute the diseases. Hence, anticipation on those disease outbreaks should be taken by conducting the surveilance and early detection to those diseases. The possibility of entering Nipah disease in Indonesia should be anticipated because the avaibility of Nipah virus and the reservoir host (Pteropus spp) and also pigs as amplifier host in the surrounding area. Other diseases such as, leptospirosis, anthrax and avian influenza (H5N1) are also have a wider potential to distributing the disease related to the climate change in Indonesia. Key words: Global warming, climate change, zoonotic disease

Pathological and biochemical changes in intoxication of mindi (Melia azedarach) leaf Sani, Yulvian; Bahri, Sjamsul
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 1, No 2 (1995)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The purpose of this study was to investigate pathological and biochemical changes in intoxication of mindi leaf (Melia azedarach) on skeletal muscle and myocardial tissues . Fifty two male Wistar rats weighing 140 g to 240 g were intoxicated in 20%; 25% and 40% diet of mindi leaf ad libitwn for 25 days . Clinical signs did not appear the intoxication of mindi leaf. Specific pathological changes were not found macroscopically except cachexia and paleness . Skeletal muscle lesions on the other hand, were consistently noted microscopically . There were degeneration, necrosis and fragmentation of muscle fibres ; enlargement of nuclei ; fibrosis; oedema and hyalination . The hyalination was prominent and appeared to be more. progressive two weeks after dosing . Following the skeletal muscle lesions, myocardial showed degeneration, necrosis and fragmentation of fibres ; enlargement of nuclei and hypercellularity . Regeneration of skeletal muscle developed on day-5 after the substitution of mindi diet by normal diet indicated by disappearing of hyalin tissues . But, myocardial appeared to be regenerated two days after the substitution of diet . Enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALAI) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) were not affected. Both enzymes in treated animals were lower than the control . The substitution of diet showed an increased of enzymatic activities during the first two weeks of feeding then reduced at the subsequent weeks . However, these enzymes increased on day-3 after substitution and appeared to maximum followed by a reduction of enzymatic activities in week-4 . On the other hand, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) was affected in which higher level was noted in treated groups than control . Substitution of diet has led to the reduction of cpc level on day-2 and appeared to reach the same level as in control group on day-21 . The control group was not affected either clinically, pathologically or biochemically . It remained normal throughout the experimental period . Key words : Melia azedarach, intoxication, pathology, biochemistry, skeletal muscle, myocardial

The detection antibody of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pig sera in Eastern part of Indonesia Sendow, Indrawati; Bahri, Sjamsul; Sarosa, Antonious
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 3 (1997)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v2i3.68

Since the early 1980s, a new and highly contagious disease syndrome of pigs, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), has been spreading through major pig producing areas in the world . It is suspected that the disease has occurred in Indonesia.To confirm the presence of PRRS infection in Indonesia, a serological survey in pig was conducted between 1993 and 1995 in some areas in Eastern Indonesia to detect antibodies against PRRS virus using ELISA test . The results indicated that a total of 822 pig sera were tested and 8% of these sera had antibodies against PRRS virus . Pig sera which were collected from slaughter house in Jakarta showing the highest prevalence (30%) of reactor. However, there was no antibody was detected from pig sera originated from Irian Jaya since 1993 . Â Key words: PRRS, prevalence, ELISA test, antibody

Studies on the susceptibility of ostriches (Struthio camelus) to the Indonesian velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus ., Darminto; Bahri, Sjamsul
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 2, No 4 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Susceptibility of ostriches (Struthio camelus) to the Indonesian velogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated by artificial infection . Twelve - 5 to 6 week old ostriches were divided into 3 groups each containing 4 birds . The first group was inoculated through respiratory system by dropping directly the virus solution into the nostrils, while the second group was inoculated through digestive system by dropping directly the virus solution into the oesophagus, with the dose of infection 106ELDSo (50%-embryo lethal dose) per bird . Meanwhile, the third group was treated as uninfected control . All infected birds developed antibody responses, but only two inoculated birds from the first group and two inoculated birds from the second group developed clinical signs of Newcastle disease (ND), with no specific pathological alterations . Infected birds, either sicks or healthy, excreted the challenge viruses through the respiratory system and still be detected up to the end of this experiment, ie . 15 days post-inoculation . The challenge viruses can be re-isolated from the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, small intestine, cecal-tonsil, and proventriculus of the infected birds . This study concludes that: (1) the ostriches are susceptible to the infection of the Indonesian velogenic strain ofNDV; (2) all infected birds developed immune responses, but only half of them develops el jtigi aj i disease ; (3) the infected birds excreted the challenge viruses for a considerable long time which may play role as the Mginiseti.ce ofinfectron the other healthy ostriches ; and (4) the challenge viruses can be re-isolated from various organs of the birds . . Â Keywords : Newcastle disease vir4, 9strich, immune response, artificial infection

Aflatoxin contamination in feeds and feed ingredients from Lampung and East Java provinces Bahri, Sjamsul; Maryam, R; Widiastuti, R
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 10, No 3 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

In the last few years, poultry industries (broiler and laying hens) in Indonesia are faced on several problems, vaccination for instance, which suspected relate to highly-contaminated aflatoxins in feeds. The aim of this study is to give recent information on aflatoxin contamination in feeds, feed ingredients, and foods originated from some districts in Lampung and East Java provinces. The results of the study indicated that the percentage of aflatoxin B1 contamination in corn, commercial feeds, and peanuts in Lampung were 86.7, 70.0 and 80.0% with the average levels of 31.5, 13.5 and 32.2 Î¼g/kg, respectively. Low levels of the other aflatoxins (AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were also detected in the samples. The highest percentage of aflatoxin contamination was found in samples from retailer (100%), followed by samples from traditional markets (91.7%), poultry shops (76.9), and a feed company (33.3%). The average levels of aflatoxin found were 58.8, 34.3, 17.8 and 2.9 Î¼g/kg, respectively. In East Java, AFB1 was detected in all samples (corn, rice bran, concentrate and commercial feeds) on the average levels of 25.4, 69.7, 134.2 and 30.7 Î¼g/kg respectively. The levels of AFG1 on the samples from East Java were much more higher than those of from Lampung, as well as the percentage. Â Â Key Words: Aflatoxins, Feed, Feed Ingredients, Lampung, East Java

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