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All Journal Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi Universa Medicina IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina Ophthalmologica Indonesiana Jurnal Widya Medika
Hendrawan, Kevin Anggakusuma
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty Of Medicine, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Journal : Universa Medicina

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Pre-operative intraocular pressure as a predictor of post-operative intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification in non-glaucomatous patients Ernawati, Titiek; Hendrawan, Kevin Anggakusuma; Khudrati, Wilson Christianto; Samsudin, Kevin
Universa Medicina Vol. 41 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2022.v41.11-17

Abstract

BackgroundCataract has been known to cause high intraocular pressure which may lead to secondary glaucoma. Some anatomical changes in cataract patients are assumed to be factors contributing to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The changes in IOP after cataract surgery tend to help surgeons to predict clinical outcomes. Therefore, IOP control is very important in these patients. This study aimed to determine the ocular biometric parameters and pressure-to-depth (PD) ratio associated with IOP in non-glaucomatous patients who undergo cataract surgery. MethodsA prospective study using secondary clinical data collected from 81 non-glaucomatous patients. Data were collected by examining each subject pre- and post-operatively. The changes in ocular biometry parameters and IOP were measured one week before surgery and 8 weeks after the surgery. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were performed to analyze the data. ResultsThe mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) change was 0.73 ± 0.16 mm, mean PD ratio was 5.04 ± 1.16, and the mean pre-operative IOP was 16.07 ± 2.92 mmHg, decreasing by 2.35 mm Hg (14.6 %) to 13.72 ± 3.42 mm Hg at 8 weeks postoperatively. Univariate linear regression results showed a significant correlation between PD ratio and post-operative IOP (p=0.000), but no significant association was observed between PD ratio and post-operative IOP in multiple linear regression (p=0.126). However, pre-operative IOP was significantly associated with post-operative IOP (Beta=1.244; p=0.004) ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that pre-operative IOP was the most influential risk factor of IOP reduction after phacoemulsification in non-glaucomatous patients.
Diabetic retinopathy: pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment Yudistira, Yudistira; Hendrawan, Kevin Anggakusuma; Andayani, Ari; Suryathi, Ni Made Ari
Universa Medicina Vol. 44 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2025.v44.270-284

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. Prolonged hyperglycemia initiates a cascade of molecular events including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and the activation of plasma kallikrein and protein kinase C signaling pathways, which leads to endothelial damage and pericyte loss. The resulting endothelial barrier dysfunction promotes serum leakage and retinal edema, while advanced disease stages are characterized by ischemia-driven retinal neovascularization mediated by elevated intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Current therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy include laser therapy, intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents or corticosteroids, and vitreoretinal surgery. Despite their efficacy, a number of patients experience suboptimal responses. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches are under investigation, including alternative anti-angiogenic agents, gene therapies, and visual cycle modulators currently undergoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy is essential to improve existing treatment modalities and address current limitations in patient outcomes. In this review, we systematically searched and analyzed articles published in English from 2014 to 2024 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Relevant search terms included “diabetic retinopathy,” “pathophysiology,” “pathogenesis,” “treatment,” and “diabetic macular edema.” This review presents recent insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, followed by an overview of its pathophysiology such as microvascular dysfunction and neovascularization. Finally, current and emerging treatment modalities, encompassing both pharmacological and surgical approaches, are discussed. This structured approach provides essential background to understand the complexity of diabetic retinopathy and recent advances in its management.
Co-Authors Albert Setiawan Alyssa Claudia Valerie Gunawan Ari Andayani Audrey Fedora Irawan Bernadette Dian Novita Claudia Tjipto Epriyanto T Darmadi Ernawati, Titiek Ferdinand Erwin Gerardo Axel Ruslie Gunawan, Alyssa Claudia Valerie Kevin Samsudin Kevin Samsudin Khudrati, Wilson Christianto Melvin F Gonga Nevan Go Ni Made Ari Suryathi Ni Made Ayu Surasmiati Niluh Suwasanti Nunung Nugroho Okky Imanuel Samantha Paul L Tahalele Ratnasari, Ni Luh Made Novi Samsudin, Kevin Siska Siska Sutyawan, I Wayan Eka Titiek Ernawati Titiek Ernawati Umbu Lapu, Ervan Suryanti Yudistira Yudistira