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The Whole Genome Sequencing Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis For Drug Resistance Prediction Puspitasari, Melya; Andriansjah, Andriansjah; Erlina, Linda
Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Content Digitized
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari

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Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has shown tremendous potential in rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). In the current study, we performed WGS on drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained from Shanghai (n = 137) and Russia (n = 78). We aimed to characterise the underlying and high-frequency novel drug-resistance-conferring mutations, and also create valuable combinations of resistance mutations with high predictive sensitivity to predict multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/XDR-TB) phenotype using a bootstrap method. Most strains belonged to L2.2, L4.2, L4.4, L4.5 and L4.8 lineages. We found that WGS could predict 82.07% of phenotypically drug-resistant domestic strains. The prediction sensitivity for rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), streptomycin (STR), ofloxacin (OFL), amikacin (AMK) and capreomycin (CAP). The mutation combination with the highest sensitivity for MDR prediction was rpoB S450L + rpoB H445A/P + katG S315T + inhA I21T + inhA S94A, with a sensitivity of 92.17%, and the mutation combination with highest sensitivity for XDR prediction was rpoB S450L + katG S315T + gyrA D94G + rrs A1401G, with a sensitivity of 92.86%. The molecular information presented here will be of particular value for the rapid clinical detection of MDR- and XDR-TB isolates through laboratory diagnosis.

Fecal ingestion rate based on worker activity patterns during stool handling in a ruminant farm Paramitadevi, Yudith V.; Priadi, Cindy R.; Rahmatika, Iftita; Rukmana, Andriansjah
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i2.1989

Farm workers who handle livestock stools face an increased risk of infection by pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella spp., leading to millions of severe health issues and thousands of fatalities annually. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of these pathogens by measuring their concentrations, determining rates of unintentional fecal consumption, and conducting a quantitative assessment of microbial risk. An integrated farm in Sukabumi City, Indonesia, was examined for E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. in livestock stools. Additionally, the study monitored the rate of incidental fecal ingestion among farm workers. Stool samples were collected (n= 40) from ruminants and analyzed following ISO 16649-1:2018, ISO 9308-1:2014, and ISO 6579-1:2017/Amd.1:2020. The study tracked worker’s behavior daily to determine the contact time. The fecal ingestion rate was calculated by multiplying the estimated stool weight ingested by the contact time workers spent cleaning livestock stools in the barn each day. Microbial analysis revealed that the highest concentration of E. coli O157 in beef cattle stools was 2.49 log10 CFU/g. The study determined mean fecal ingestion rates during the dry season (8.64 mg/day) and rainy season (6.84 mg/day). Results from the quantitative microbial risk assessment showed that stool from beef cattle posed a higher risk of E. coli O157 infection compared to other ruminants, with an estimated disease burden of 9.8 × 10-3 pppy. This study represents the first comprehensive quantitative evaluation of fecal ingestion by farm workers during animal husbandry. The findings underscore the need for improved worker safety measures, such as enhanced sanitation practices and protective equipment, to mitigate the risks of handling livestock stools.

Latent Tuberculosis: Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Macrophages Adiyaksa, Jongga; Rukmana, Andriansjah
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 25 No. 01 (2024): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol25-iss01/490

Latent TB infection (LTBI) is a state of persistent immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen stimulation but does not yet show clinically active TB. Macrophages can eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis through various mechanisms. The aim of this research is to determine the interaction of macrophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the 116 articles screened, there were 42 articles that were in accordance with this literature study. Results from the studies reviewed It is possible that some individuals diagnosed with LTBI have recovered from the bacteria, while others have a very small chance of being reinfected.Â Granulomas are a pathological sign of Mtb infection. The location of bacteria in the granuloma may influence the immune response necessary to control the infection. Mtb produces lipid and protein effectors that control inflammation and macrophage activity. By preventing Mtb-macrophage interactions and entry into human cells, tuberculosis can be avoided. In addition, many mycobacterial factors play important roles in immune evasion or aid reactivation. The class of proteins encoded by the rpf gene are known as resuscitation promoting factors, which appear to play an important role in reactivation. The Rpf gene is thought to be important in driving mycobacteria out of a dormant (and possibly latent) state.Â Â

STUDY OF TB STATUS IN INDONESIA AND ENDOPHYTIC ACTINOMYCETES AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF NATURAL PRODUCT FOR ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE Ewaldo, Muhammad Farrel; Rukmana, Andriansjah; Nurkanto, Arif
Berita Biologi Vol 23 No 3 (2024): Berita Biologi
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/berita_biologi.2024.6267

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a significant contributor to global mortality, being responsible for one of the primary causes of death worldwide. The current problem is antibiotic resistance in the treatment of tuberculosis patients, which causes the decreasing effectiveness of drugs for tuberculosis therapy. Therefore, exploration for finding new drugs is still necessary. Actinomycetes represent a group of microbes known for producing bioactive compounds, particularly in the form of antibiotics. This microbe can be found associated with plants as endophytic actinomycetes may have the same or similar secondary metabolites as their host. In certain instances, metabolites generated by endophytic actinomycetes exhibit uniqueness and hold the potential to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microbes effectively. This review focuses on new ideas for exploring the potential of endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants, especially in Indonesia, considering existing tuberculosis conditions using reviews from scientific sources such as scientific journals, case reports, official government websites, and tuberculosis drug development. This review was then compiled and created a new idea to explore endophytic actinomycetes from medicinal plants in Indonesia using validated methods and contemporary research.

Serological and Non-Sputum Biomarkers for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of Host- and Pathogen-Derived Signatures Diah Erwati, Wa Ode; Rukmana, Andriansjah
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 26 No. 04 (2025): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol26-iss04/626

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with more than 10 million new cases reported annually. Conventional sputum-based diagnostics such as microscopy, culture, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF show limited sensitivity in children, individuals with HIV, and extrapulmonary TB, highlighting the need for accurate non-sputum alternatives. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic performance of serological and other non-sputum biomarkers for active TB, focusing on both host and pathogen derived targets. Eleven eligible studies (2016–2024) involving 2,548 participants were analyzed. The reviewed studies employed multiplex immunoassays and protein microarrays to assess immune markers and M. tuberculosis antigens. Key findings indicate that several cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-27) and antibodies to ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Ag85B differentiated active from latent infection. Multi-antigen panels achieved sensitivity and specificity above 85%, while saliva, serum, and skin-based assays showed potential for non-invasive and field-applicable diagnosis. The novelty of this review lies in its integrative approach analyzing both host and pathogen biomarkers, which are often studied separately. Such multi-marker, non-sputum serological strategies could complement current TB diagnostics and provide reliable, accessible tools for use in resource-limited and high HIV prevalence settings

Serological and Non-Sputum Biomarkers for Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of Host- and Pathogen-Derived Signatures Wa Ode Diah Erwati; Andriansjah Rukmana
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 26 No. 04 (2025): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol26-iss04/626

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with more than 10 million new cases reported annually. Conventional sputum-based diagnostics such as microscopy, culture, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF show limited sensitivity in children, individuals with HIV, and extrapulmonary TB, highlighting the need for accurate non-sputum alternatives. This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic performance of serological and other non-sputum biomarkers for active TB, focusing on both host and pathogen derived targets. Eleven eligible studies (2016–2024) involving 2,548 participants were analyzed. The reviewed studies employed multiplex immunoassays and protein microarrays to assess immune markers and M. tuberculosis antigens. Key findings indicate that several cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-27) and antibodies to ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Ag85B differentiated active from latent infection. Multi-antigen panels achieved sensitivity and specificity above 85%, while saliva, serum, and skin-based assays showed potential for non-invasive and field-applicable diagnosis. The novelty of this review lies in its integrative approach analyzing both host and pathogen biomarkers, which are often studied separately. Such multi-marker, non-sputum serological strategies could complement current TB diagnostics and provide reliable, accessible tools for use in resource-limited and high HIV prevalence settings

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