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PEMBUATAN LABEL/FILM INDIKATOR WARNA DENGAN PEWARNA ALAMI DAN SINTETIS Endang Warsiki dan Citra Dewi Wahyono Putri (E-Jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia)
E-jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012): E-Jurnal Agroindustri Indonesia
Publisher : E-jurnal Agro-Industri Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (335.094 KB)

ABSTRAK The development of colored label indicator is increasingly necessary to ensure food safety with a rapid method to evaluating historical real-time of the freshness of the product. The objective of this research is to design labels/film color indicator with natural and synthetic dyes. In this study, the label/film indicators was made of chitosan as a film base and natural dyes of rosella flower, bit fruit and red spinach leaf extract as dyes. This indicator label sware compared with labels made of synthetic dyes. Evaluation the performance of the label in color changes during storage as visual looking was tested The results showed that natural dyes are very sensitive to temperature, thus it is not appropriate if in the film making, it involves a process that uses high temperatures. Unfortunately, in general, chitosan film typically used a temperature of 70oC to disolve and homogenize the flour of chitosan. Furthermore, natural dyes are also sensitive to acid. As a result, the addition of acetate acid in the chitosan film is undesirable on the filming. Process synthetic dyes provide constant color film. The changing of color in the films with synthetic dyes can be occured due to changes in pH. Therefore, this film/label is very suitable to be applied for products which is decreased in pH if it is deterioration, such as fruits or dairy product. Keywords : Film/label, color indicator, chitosan, natural dye, synthetic dye

Physical characteristics of microwave assisted moulded foam from cassava starch-corn hominy Endang Warsiki; Evi Savitri Iriani; Randi Swandaru
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.2

Biodegradable foam is a packaging material made from renewable resources which is very prospective to substitute synthetic polystyrene foam. Starch is now dominantly use as a promising material to produce this foam due to its superior characteristic and its availability. However, starch is preferable as food source thus it is important to looking for a material such as corn hominy to reduce its usage in biopolymer production. Corn hominy is a by-product of corn milling which has high content of starch and fiber. Its high fiber content could improve the strength of the foam. This research is aimed to formulate the composition of corn hominy and cassava starch to produce good quality of biodegradable foam. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is added for further better physical properties. The physical analysis showed that the composition of cassava starch and corn hominy feed has affected physical properties of biodegradable foam. Increasing the content of starch resulted on increasing of foam expansion. In contrast, the more starch content in the foam, the more brittle the foam will be. The best composition was given by ratio of 80 %-wt cassava starch and 20 %-wt corn hominy. The adding of PVOH affected the physical properties of less hardness and less brittle of the foam. Keywords: biodegradable foam, cassava starch, hominy feed, PVOH Abstrak Busa biodegradable merupakan bahan pengemas yang terbuat dari bahan nabati, ditujukan untuk subtitusi polistirena busa sintetik. Bio-polimer ini umumnya terbuat dari pati singkong karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah dan keunggulan sifat-sifat busa pati yang dihasilkan. Bagaimanapun, singkong adalah bahan pangan, sehingga bahan lain seperti ampok jagung perlu diujicobakan untuk mengurangi penggunaan singkong pada produksi bio-polymer ini. Ampok merupakan hasil samping dari penggilingan biji jagung. Kandungan serat ampok sangat tinggi dan diyakini dapat memperbaiki sifat fisis mekanis busa seperti meningkatkan kekuatan tarik dan mengurangi kerapuhan busa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi komposisi pati singkong dan ampok jagung untuk memproduksi busa biodegradable berkualitas baik. Polivinil alkohol (PVOH) ditambahkan untuk membantu memperbaiki karakter fisik busa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio pati dan ampok mempengaruhi sifat fisik mekanis busa. Peningkatan kandungan pati dalam busa akan meningkatkan sifat rapuh bahan. Komposisi terbaik dihasilkan dari busa berbahan 80%-b pati dan 20 %-b ampok. Penambahan PVOH dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik busa dengan menurunkan kekerasan dan kerapuhan. Kata kunci: busa biodegradable, pati singkong, ampok jagung, PVOH

The Relationship Between Severity of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with Maternal Anxiety Yunias Setiawati; H. J. Mukono; Joni Wahyuhadi; Endang Warsiki
Health Notions Vol 2, No 4 (2018): April
Publisher : Humanistic Network for Science and Technology (HNST)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood neurobiologic disorder with main symptom of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and minimal occurrence in two different place settings, for example at home and at school. ADHD disorders will last sustainably from adolescence to adulthood. Mothers of ADHD children tend to be anxious, tired and desperate because they are often blamed by the environment for failing to educate children due to opposing children's behavior, disobeying orders that result in ADHD children being rejected and experiencing low learning achievement. Mothers are also often must lose his job due to having to take care of his own ADHD child.Methods: Observational analytic study with cross sectional design of 30 mothers of ADHD children aged 6 to 12 years of Bina Karya primary school Surabaya by random sampling method. Assessment of ADHD by mothers using SPAHI (Skala Penilaiana Anak Hiperaktif Indonesia) and maternal anxiety assessment using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale questionnaire Results: there was significant correlation between maternal anxiety level and severity of ADHD with score p = 0.003 and r = 0.530 Conclusion: The degree of maternal anxiety is related to the severity of ADHD. Keywords: ADHD, Maternal anxiety

SINTESA KOMPOSIT BIOPLASTIK PATI KULIT SINGKONG-PARTIKEL NANOSILIKA DAN KARAKTERISASINYA Endang Warsiki; Iwan Setiawan; Hoerudin Hoerudin
Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Vol. 42 No. 2 Oktober 2020
Publisher : Balai Besar Kimia dan Kemasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24817/jkk.v42i2.3535

Pada penelitian ini diproduksi bioplastik komposit dari pati kuit singkong yang ditambahkan dengan nanosilika sebagai kemasan plastik biodegradable. Secara umum bioplastik berbasis pati masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan dari segi karakteristik fisis dan mekanis sehingga penggunaan komersial bioplastik ini masih terbatas. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kelemahan sifat bioplastik ini. salah satunya dengan penambahan bahan penguat/reinforce seperti nanosilika. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan nanosilika terhadap karakteristik bioplastik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan bioplastik adalah dengan teknik casting (cetak). Konsentrasi nanopartikel silika yang ditambahkan ke dalam larutan bioplastik yaitu 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8% (b nanosilika/b pati). Penambahan nanosilika pada komposit bioplastik mampu meningkatkan ketebalan dan kuat tarik secara signifikan dari 0,20 mm (0% nanosilika) menjadi 0,31 mm (8% nanosilika) dan dari 1,6 Mpa (0% nanosilika) menjadi 3,5 MPa (4% nanosilika). Sedangkan peningkatan nilai densitas, elongasi, dan laju transmisi uap air tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan nyata secara statistik. Berdasarkan sifat fisik dan mekanis tersebut diperoleh bahwa perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini adalah penambahan nanosilika dengan konsentrasi 4%. Film bioplastik hasil perlakuan terbaik dianalisis bentuk morfologi permukaan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan tingkat kristalinitas menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil SEM menunjukkan bioplastik memiliki permukaan yang kasar dan hasil XRD menjelaskan struktur penyusun komposit bioplastik lebih didominasi oleh jenis amorf daripada kristalin. Dengan demikian, penambahan nanosilika dalam pembuatan bioplastik ini telah membuktikan dapat memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanis film sehingga mempunyai peluang baik dalam penggunaan bioplastik komposit ini sebagai kemasan komersial di masa yang akan datang

STABILITAS SENYAWA FENOLIK DALAM EKSTRAK DAN NANOKAPSUL KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI pH, SUHU DAN WAKTU Ike Sitoresmi M Purbowati; Khaswar Syamsu; Endang Warsiki; Herastuti Sri
AGROINTEK Vol 10, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v10i1.2023

The extract which is still in liquid form, has several weaknesses, such as unstable in enviroment changes, low flexibility uses and trouble in material handling and transportation. For these reasons, nanoencapsulation technique using β-siklodextrin as matrix agent is an alternative way. The aims of this research were characterization of total phenols, antioxidant activity of nanoencapsulation and the stability of the extract as well as nanocapsules against the changes of pHs, temperatures and boiling times. Nanocapsules of roselle extract was containing phenol 4,53 + 0,26 mg/g, anthocyanin 2,99 + 0,18 mg/g, vitamin C 2,77 + 0,04 mg/g and water moisturizer 5,16 + 0,03%, antioxidant activity 49%. Nanocapsules more resistence against the enviroment changes than the extract itself. The stability test against the enviroment changes, the nanocapsules form more stable than the extract. Showed with the slope of linier regression of nanocapsules form for phenols and antioxidant activity, respectively were: 0,111; 1,307 lower than the extract : 2,825; 7,634. Nanocapsules more resistence against temperature and boiling time than the extract itself. The stability test against temperature and boiling time, the nanocapsules form more stable than the extract. Showed with the slope of linier regression of nanocapsules for phenols and antioxidant activity respectively were: 1,3315; 0,3162 lower than the extract : 1,5864; 0,5389

SINTESA KOMPOSIT BIOPLASTIK PATI KULIT SINGKONG-PARTIKEL NANOSILIKA DAN KARAKTERISASINYA Endang Warsiki; Iwan Setiawan; Hoerudin Hoerudin
Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Vol. 42 No. 2 Oktober 2020
Publisher : Balai Besar Kimia dan Kemasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24817/jkk.v42i2.3535

Pada penelitian ini diproduksi bioplastik komposit dari pati kuit singkong yang ditambahkan dengan nanosilika sebagai kemasan plastik biodegradable. Secara umum bioplastik berbasis pati masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan dari segi karakteristik fisis dan mekanis sehingga penggunaan komersial bioplastik ini masih terbatas. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kelemahan sifat bioplastik ini. salah satunya dengan penambahan bahan penguat/reinforce seperti nanosilika. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan nanosilika terhadap karakteristik bioplastik. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan bioplastik adalah dengan teknik casting (cetak). Konsentrasi nanopartikel silika yang ditambahkan ke dalam larutan bioplastik yaitu 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8% (b nanosilika/b pati). Penambahan nanosilika pada komposit bioplastik mampu meningkatkan ketebalan dan kuat tarik secara signifikan dari 0,20 mm (0% nanosilika) menjadi 0,31 mm (8% nanosilika) dan dari 1,6 Mpa (0% nanosilika) menjadi 3,5 MPa (4% nanosilika). Sedangkan peningkatan nilai densitas, elongasi, dan laju transmisi uap air tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan nyata secara statistik. Berdasarkan sifat fisik dan mekanis tersebut diperoleh bahwa perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini adalah penambahan nanosilika dengan konsentrasi 4%. Film bioplastik hasil perlakuan terbaik dianalisis bentuk morfologi permukaan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan tingkat kristalinitas menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil SEM menunjukkan bioplastik memiliki permukaan yang kasar dan hasil XRD menjelaskan struktur penyusun komposit bioplastik lebih didominasi oleh jenis amorf daripada kristalin. Dengan demikian, penambahan nanosilika dalam pembuatan bioplastik ini telah membuktikan dapat memperbaiki sifat fisis dan mekanis film sehingga mempunyai peluang baik dalam penggunaan bioplastik komposit ini sebagai kemasan komersial di masa yang akan datang

Cemaran Mikroplastik pada Ikan Pindang dan Potensi Bahayanya terhadap Kesehatan Manusia, Studi Kasus di Bogor Gunawan Gunawan; Hefni Effendi; Endang Warsiki
Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 16, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jpbkp.v16i2.772

Tingginya akumulasi sampah plastik di perairan Indonesia dapat meningkatkan potensi cemaran mikroplastik. Ikan dan garam merupakan bahan baku utama pembuatan ikan pindang yang keduanya berpotensi membawa berbagai bahan cemaran, termasuk mikroplastik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui cemaran mikroplastik pada ikan pindang yang diproduksi oleh 5 pengolah di Tanah Sareal, Bogor Utara, Parung, dan Ciampea. Kandungan mikroplastik dianalisis dari 5 jenis ikan, yaitu bandeng (Chanos chanos), tongkol (Euthynnus affinis), layang (Decapterus russelli), semar/etem (Mene maculata), dan kembung (Rastrelliger kanagurta), yang meliputi daging ikan segar dan produk pindangnya, garam, dan air rebusan pindang. Identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan terhadap hasil destruksi dengan H2O2 secara mikroskopis dan dikonfirmasi dengan FTIR-UATR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah mikroplastik pada daging produk pindang berkisar antara 0,22±0,15 dan 0,69±0,12 MP/g atau meningkat sekitar 11-19% dibandingkan dengan bahan bakunya. Sebanyak 0,17±0,02 MP/g ditemukan pada sampel garam dan 0,10±0,02 MP/mL pada air rebusan pindang. Analisis FTIR-UATR menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik yang dominan adalah polipropilena (PP) sebanyak 54% dalam bentuk fragmen atau film, dan polietilena (PE) sebanyak 46% dalam bentuk fiber atau fragmen. Perkiraan paparan mikroplastik akibat mengkonsumsi ikan pindang yang didasarkan pada tingkat konsumsi ikan pindang masyarakat Indonesia adalah 2,345±603 MP/orang/tahun. Kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan potensi bahaya apabila dikonsumsi terus-menerus, karena mikroplastik yang dapat bersifat akumulatif. Dengan demikian, perlu diupayakan pengurangan kandungan mikroplastik pada bahan utama ikan pindang dan garam dengan mengurangi pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan dan memperbaiki teknologi produksi garam.Title: Microplastic Contamination of Boiled Salted Fish and Its Potential Hazards to Human Health, Case Study in BogorThe high accumulation of plastic waste in Indonesian waters can increase the potential contamination of microplastic. Fish and salt are the primary raw materials for boiled salted fish, both of which can carry various contaminants, including microplastics. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of microplastic contamination in boiled salted fish produced by five processors in Tanah Sareal, North Bogor, Parung, and Ciampea. The microplastic content was analyzed from 5 types of fish, namely milkfish (Chanos chanos), mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), indian scad (Decapterus russelli), moon fish (Mene maculata), and indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), each of fresh fish and its boiled salted product, salt used, and boiled water. Microplastic identification was carried out microscopically on samples prepared by H2O2 destruction and further confirmed by FTIR-UATR. The results showed that the amount of microplastics in the products ranged from 0.22±0.15 to 0.69±0.12 MP/g or an increase of about 11-19% compared to the raw material. A total of 0.17±0.02 MP/g was found in the salt sample and 0.10±0.02 MP/mL in the boiling water sample. FTIR-UATR analysis showed that the dominant microplastic was polypropylene (PP) as much as 54% in fragments or film form, and polyethylene (PE) account for 46% in the form of fibers/fragments. The estimated exposure of microplastics due to consuming boiled salted fish based on the level of consumption of boiled salted fish in Indonesia is 2,345±603 MP/person/year. This condition indicates a potential danger if boiled salted fish is consumed at a large amount and continuously because of the cumulative nature of microplastics. So it is necessary to reduce the amount of microplastic content in the fish material and salt by reducing microplastic pollution in the waters and improving the salt production technology.

Study of Anthocyanin Extraction from Red Banana (Musa sapientum L. var Rubra) Waste and Characteristics of Light Effects Yessy Rosalina; Endang Warsiki; Anas Miftah Fauzi; Illah Sailah
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Anthocyanins are compounds responsible for plants’ blue, purple, violet, magenta, red, and orange colours. Anthocyanins are found in tropical fruits. Generally, anthocyanins are found in the peel tissues of plants. The increasing interest in anthocyanins, especially in the field of food and health, supports the development of anthocyanin exploration research. One of the uses of anthocyanins that are widely developed today is the addition of anthocyanins as indicators in smart packaging. For application on the packaging, in addition to extraction techniques, it is also necessary to assess the characteristics of anthocyanins in the environment. This study aims to examine the anthocyanin potential of red banana waste and the effect of light on anthocyanin stability. The anthocyanins observed are the result of anthocyanin extraction from the red banana peel and bracts using the maceration method. The solvent used is water acidified with citric acid. The study results showed that the total anthocyanin content in red banana bracts extract was higher than in extract from red banana peel. A concentrated extract from the bracts of a red banana contains 114.26 μg/g FW of total anthocyanins. In comparison, the concentrated extract of red banana peel contains 110.27 μg/g FW of total anthocyanins. Identification of concentrated extracts of red banana peel and flower through FTIR test, maximum wavelength test with UV-Vis and discolouration test showed that the extract contains anthocyanin compounds. Irradiation with a 25-watt bulb lamp, UV lamp and sunlight on concentrated extracts of the red banana peel and bracts showed degraded anthocyanin content. The results of this study show that the peel and flower of red bananas have the potential to be developed as a source of anthocyanins.

Model kinetika perubahan kualitas mangga arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) selama rantai pasok Listiana Ningrum; Endang Warsiki; Y Aris Purwanto; Siti Mariana Widayanti
AGROINTEK Vol 17, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Agroindustrial Technology, University of Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/agrointek.v17i4.17415

During the supply chain activities, Arumanis mango as climateric fruit experiences quality changes due to the respiration process after being harvested. To find out the quality changes of Arumanis during their supply chain activities, it is necessary to simulate supply chain storage during land, sea, and air shipments in the laboratory. This study aims to predict changes in the quality of Arumanis during supply chain activities to retail storage. The supply chain simulation was carried out in 3 scenarios based on the delivery destination and transportation, including refrigerator trucks, ships, and planes. The temperature of the rooms used in the simulation was 10-12°C as the storage temperature for refrigerator trucks, aircraft cargo, and distribution center storage. The temperature at 20-22°C was used as retail storage temperature. Meanwhile, temperature at 24-28°C was used as the storage temperature for ships. The shipping duration used is 2 and 4 days. The parameters observed in this study were the concentration of carbon dioxide and total soluble solids. The results showed that the reaction kinetics model of quality changes Arumanis mango in all suitable supply chain scenarios was ordo 0 reaction seen from the higher correlation coefficient (R2). The shelf life of arumanis mangoes in all supply chain scenarios reached 8 days of storage. The development of this kinetics model can help to predict the quality changes of Arumanis mangoes during supply chain storage from distribution center to retail.

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