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All Journal Masalah-Masalah Hukum Jurnal Konstitusi JURNAL HUKUM dan KENOTARIATAN Pendidikan Multikultural Journal Education Multicultural of Islamic Society TRANSFORMASI : JURNAL PENGABDIAN PADA MASYARAKAT Lex Publica PESHUM
Siti Marwiyah
Fakultas Hukum Dr. Soetomo
Religion Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Ancaman Non-Verbal Sebagai Tindak Pidana kekerasan Dalam Pasal 335 KUHP (Studi Kasus Putusan 1035/PID.B/2024/PN SBY) Heru Herlambang; Siti Marwiyah; Wahyu Prawesthi
PESHUM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 5 No. 3: April 2026
Publisher : CV. Ulil Albab Corp

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/peshum.v5i3.15991

Abstract

This research examines legal certainty regarding non-verbal threats as a criminal act of violence under Article 335 of the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) by analyzing Decision Number 1035/Pid.B/2024/PN Sby as a case study. The issue arises from the absence of a clear normative definition of non-verbal threats, such as body gestures or movements that appear intimidating without physical contact. In judicial practice, such actions are often interpreted as threats of violence, raising concerns related to legal certainty, the principle of legality, the doctrine of lex certa, and the protection of the defendant’s rights. This study aims to analyze whether Indonesian criminal law provides clear legal guidelines for determining when non-verbal conduct can be classified as a threat of violence under Article 335 of the Criminal Code. It also examines the implications of this normative ambiguity on legal certainty and the protection of defendants’ rights within judicial practice. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through normative interpretation and jurisprudential examination. The results show that Article 335 of the Criminal Code does not provide clear parameters for assessing non-verbal threats as threats of violence. This lack of clarity creates broad interpretative discretion for law enforcement and potentially leads to subjective judgments and overcriminalization. Criminalizing gestures without physical contact may also contradict the principle of legality, the doctrine of lex certa, and the principle of ultimum remedium in criminal law. Therefore, clearer legal formulations regarding the classification of non-verbal threats are necessary to ensure legal certainty and proportional protection of defendants’ rights in the criminal justice system.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dalam Kejahatan Yang Melibatkan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia Lina Setio Rahayu; Siti Marwiyah; Bachrul Amiq
PESHUM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 5 No. 3: April 2026
Publisher : CV. Ulil Albab Corp

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56799/peshum.v5i3.15994

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has created a new paradigm in the spectrum of crime that challenges the existing criminal law framework. This study examines the concept of criminal liability in crimes involving Artificial Intelligence within the Indonesian criminal law system and explores the harmonization of criminal liability doctrines with the juridical complexities arising from AI technology. This research employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches by analyzing relevant primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis is grounded in the theories of criminal liability and progressive law. The findings indicate that the Indonesian criminal law system faces significant paradigmatic challenges in constructing criminal liability for AI-related crimes. Traditional criminal liability principles based on the doctrine of geen straf zonder schuld (no punishment without fault) encounter difficulties when applied to AI systems characterized by autonomous learning, autonomous decision-making, and the black-box problem. Therefore, an effective legal response requires a paradigmatic transformation from a positivist-legalistic approach toward a progressive legal framework. Such transformation includes the reconstruction of the concept of mens rea, adaptation of causality theories, and the development of negligence doctrines specifically tailored to AI technologies. Furthermore, the proposed harmonization model should incorporate cascading liability, the principle of meaningful human control, restorative justice, and proportional criminal sanctions while maintaining the fundamental principles of Indonesian criminal law.
Co-Authors Abdul Wahid Abdul wahid Ach. Rubaie Achmad Rubaie Agustiawan Djoko Baruno Bachrul Amiq Bachrul Amiq Dwi Ari Kurniawati Fedianty Augustinah hairus hairus Heru Herlambang Lina Setio Rahayu M. Syahrul Borman Mirin Primudyastutie Mochamad Chotib Mochamad Chotib Sunardi Sunardi Vieta Imelda Cornelis Vieta Imelda Cornelis Wahyu Prawesthi