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Journal : Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

The Advantage of Being Less Protected: Children’s Spatial Orientation in the City of Jakarta Ajisuksmo, Clara R. P.; Baskara, Agustina H; Neidhardt, Eva
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Path integration as a central process in spatial orientation is a basic cognitive competence used to update spatial positioning while walking. Children develop this competence via self-directed path-finding experiences. This study examines the spatial orientation competences of pre-school children in inner-city Jakarta. The influence of parental protectiveness on path integration competence was investigated, and the children’s spatial ability was measured using paper-and-pencil tests. Thirty pre-school children from poor families in three different sub-districts of inner-city Jakarta (Jatinegara Cipinang, Besar Selatan, and Bukit Duri) were tested. Results showed that children who were used to roaming more freely performed better in spatial orientation than those whose parents granted them less freedom to wander alone. Small significant correlations between spatial ability tests and path integration competence were observed. However, being able to move freely in everyday life was far more important than spatial ability measured by pen-and-paper tests.
Gambaran Pendidikan Anak yang Membutuhkan Perlindungan Khusus Ajisuksmo, Clara R. P.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 13, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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In order to recognize and to fulfill the children’s rights, as well as to protect them, the Indonesian Government ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Children (CRC) in 1990 and approved Law No. 23 on Child Protection in 2002. Article 28 of CRC states that the states parties recognize that the right of the children to have education, and to achieve this right progressively on the basis of equal opportunity. This statement implies that states parties shall make primary education compulsory, available and free to all. The states parties shall also encourage the development of different forms of secondary education. In fact, many children could not participate in and therefore should drop out from their basic education because their very poor parents. Instead, they have to work to support their family’s life. This survey was intended to give a descriptive overview of the educational status and level, as well as to offer forms of alternative education for children who are categorized as in needs of special protection (CNSP). In addition, this survey was intended to identify individuals or institutions that the poor children school tuition. This survey involved 165 children below 18 years of age who were assisted in by 7 (seven) NGOs in Jakarta, Bogor, and Surabaya which have a partnership with PLAN International.
Faktor-Faktor Penting Dalam Merancang Program Pendidikan Luar Sekolah Untuk Anak Jalanan dan Pekerja Anak Ajisuksmo, Clara R.P.
Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia Vol. 16, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Due to poverty, children have to be on the street or involve in child labour to support the families’ economy to survive. As a consequence, children have to drop their school activities out. Refering to article 28 of the Convention of The Rights of The Children (CRC) children have the right to education and the states party recognizes to achieving this right by providing primary education compulsory and available free on the basis to equal opportunity. Non formal education is an alternative education for street children and working children, intended for them to fulfill their right to education. The aim of this study is to identify important factors that are essential for designing and implementing educational program for out-of school children, such as street children and working children. In addition, this study is intended to identify training needs for tutors who facilitate street children and working children in their non formal education program. In order to achieve the research objectives, series of FGDs and in depth interviews with staff of NGO working with out-of school children, tutors who facilitate children’s learning processes, and street children and working children as the beneficiaries of the non-formal education program implemented by the NGO.