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Dynamics of Lumpy Skin Disease Model With Vaccination and Environmental Transmission Nia Nurkhanifah; Agus Suryanto; Isnani Darti
CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Vol 10, No 1 (2025): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI
Publisher : Mathematics Department, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/cauchy.v10i1.29969

Abstract

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the cattle diseases that can spread rapidly, it is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). LSDV can spread through direct contact, insect vectors, and contaminated environments. In this article, we propose the dynamics of a lumpy skin disease model that contains seven compartments: susceptible cattle, vaccinated cattle, infected cattle, recovered cattle, susceptible vector, infected vector, and LSDV in the environment. The non-negativity and boundedness of the solution of the proposed LSD model are shown. There are two equilibrium points: the disease-free equilibrium point which always exists, and the endemic equilibrium point which exists conditionally. The disease-free equilibrium point is locally and globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if the Lienard-Chipart criteria is satisfied. In addition, based on the sensitivity analysis, we find that the vaccination rate is the most sensitive parameter. All analytical results have been verified by our numerical simulations.
Pricing Double Barrier Options with Time-Varying Interest using Standard, Antithetic, and Control Variate Monte Carlo Bella Cindy Thalita; Isnani Darti
CAUCHY: Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi Vol 10, No 2 (2025): CAUCHY: JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN APLIKASI
Publisher : Mathematics Department, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/cauchy.v10i2.37010

Abstract

This study develops an integrated framework for pricing double barrier options under time-varying interest rates by combining ARIMA-based forecasting with Monte Carlo simulations. Monthly U.S. Treasury Bill rates from 2019–2025 are modeled using the ARIMA(2,2,0) process to generate dynamic risk-free rates, which are incorporated into three Monte Carlo approaches standard, antithetic variate, and control variate. Tesla Inc. stock prices are used as the underlying asset modeled through Geometric Brownian Motion. The integration of ARIMA-based dynamic rates within the Monte Carlo framework enables more realistic pathwise discounting and improves simulation convergence. The results show that the control variate method provides the most accurate and stable estimates for knock-in call options, whereas the antithetic variate technique yields superior accuracy for knock-in put, knock-out call, and knock-out put options. Overall, the combined use of ARIMA-forecasted interest rates and variance-reduction techniques enhances the precision and stability of double barrier option valuation under dynamic financial conditions.